Symplocos breedlovei Lundell (1969: 122)

Kelly, Lawrence M., Almeda, Frank & Fritsch, Peter W., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae), Phytotaxa 264 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

6. Symplocos breedlovei Lundell (1969: 122) . Type:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Tenejapa, slope with Quercus at Pokolum , paraje of Sibanilha , 5200 ft, [16°50′15″N, 92°22′34″W], 11 August 1965, D. E. Breedlove 11747 (holotype LL-n.v., online image!, isotypes CAS!, MO!)

Shrubs or trees 0.5–10 m tall; juvenile branchlets and vegetative buds moderately to sparsely sericeous, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long, appressed to antrorsely spreading, whitish. Petioles 5–6 mm long; leaf blades concolorous, yellowish green or light green, elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 4.5–8(–10) × 1.7–3(–4) cm, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, abaxially sparsely strigose (more densely so along midvein), occasionally moderately pilose, then densely so along midvein, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins not adaxially impressed, base acute, margins serrulate-denticulate, with minute, narrow, black deciduous glands, apex acuminate. Inflorescences racemes 1.2–2.2 cm long, 5–10-flowered; peduncle 1–3 mm long; rachis 2–10 mm long, sparsely to moderately sericeous, trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long; bracts caducous, ovate to triangular, 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, sericeous, margins densely ciliate; bracteoles caducous, 2–4, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, sericeous, margins densely ciliate; pedicels 0–1 mm long. Hypanthium densely sericeous. Calyx lobes 5, triangular, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, sparsely sericeous (more densely so medially), margins ciliate, usually with scattered yellow, brown, or black glands of irregular shape. Corolla pink, 5–7-lobed, 9–11 mm long; tube 3–5 mm; lobes adnate to filament tube for 5–6 mm, ± oblong, glabrous. Stamens 3-seriate; filament tube 8–9 mm long; distinct portions of filaments 1–2 × 0.25–0.5 mm. Disk moderately to densely sericeous; style 7–10 mm long, pilose basally; stigma conspicuously 6-lobed. Fruits green maturing to dark bluish purple, ellipsoid, 8–10 × 3–4 mm, sparsely strigillose, apex acute with calyx lobes forming a conical beak; disk ± flat, covered by calyx lobes; endocarp 3-locular, perimeter rounded.

Vernacular name —None.

Illustration — Figure 9 .

Photographic image — Figure 1c .

Phenology —Flowering May and September through March; fruiting March, April, June, July, October, and November.

Distribution and habitat — Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala (Sierra de los Cuchumatanes), in cloud forests at 2200–3000 m elev. Figure 10 .

Conservation status —This species is known from over 20 populations centered in the mountains east of Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas. None of these occur in a protected area. Most areas in which this species occurs have experienced deforestation over the past three decades, and thus the area, extent and quality of habitat is inferred to be in decline. Efforts to locate this species in Chiapas in 2003 were met with very limited success, and it seems likely that this species is now extirpated from many of the localities cited below. The EOO is 1526 km ² and the AOO is 100 km ². We assign a classification of Endangered (EN): B2ab(iv) to this species.

Discussion — Symplocos breedlovei is one of the most historically well-collected species of Symplocos in Chiapas, and can be recognized by the combination of somewhat small, yellowish green, predominately elliptic leaves with serrulate-denticulate margins.

Additional specimens examined — MEXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Chamula, NW slope of Zontehuitz near the summit, 9300 ft, [16°29′24″N, 92°26′24″W], 2 December 1964 , Breedlove 7815 (DS!, F!); Mpio. Chamula, in the paraje of Las Ollas, 8200 ft, [16°48′11″N, 92°38′39″W], 20 December 1964, Breedlove 8010 (DS!, F!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, SW slope of Zontehuitz, 9100 ft, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 21 June 1965, Breedlove 10437 (DS!, F!, LL!); Mpio. Tenejapa, barrio of Tuk, paraje of Matsab , 7500 ft, [16°46′48″N, 92°28′12″W], 30 September 1965 , Breedlove 12464 (CAS!, DS!, F!, LL!); Mpio. Tenejapa, barrio of Tuk, paraje of Matsab , 7500 ft, 30 September 1965 , Breedlove 12563 (DS!, F!, LL!); Mpio. Tenejapa, near crest of ridge in the paraje of Banabil , 9100 ft, [16°46′48″N,

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92°30′36″W], 10 October 1965, Breedlove & Raven 12938 (DS!, F!, LL!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Banabil, 2700 m, [16°46′48″N, 92°30′36″W], 7 November 1971, Breedlove & Smith 22030 (CAS!, DS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Kurus ch'en, 2200 m, [16°49′12″N, 92°28′12″W], 29 September 1972, Breedlove 28202 (DS!, MO!, NY!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, E side of Zontehuitz near summit, 2800 m, [16°48′54″N, 92°34′44″W], 19 December 1972, Breedlove & Thorne 30432 (DS!, F!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, rd to Chana, 16–20 km E of Chilil, 2380 m, [16°44′24″N, 92°22′48″W], 10 November 1976, Breedlove 41406 (DS!, MEXU!, MO!); Mpio. Zinacantán, paraje Pij, 2460 m, 9 March 1981, Breedlove 50049 (CAS!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, near Paraje Banabil, 2713 m, [16°46′48″N, 20°30′36″W], 8 October 1981, Breedlove 53382 (CAS!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, W side of Zontehuitz near summit, 2743 m, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 17 October 1981, Breedlove 53578 (CAS!, GH!); Mpio. Chamula, bog at Paraje Muk'in ha, 2590 m, [16°46′12″N, 92°33′W], 14 November 1981, Breedlove & Bartholomew 55514 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!); Mpio. Zinacantán, near the summit of Muk'tavits, 2745 m, [16°44′34″N, 92°41′42″W], 16 November 1981, Breedlove & Bartholomew 55582 (CAS!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, near Paraje Banabil, 2680 m, [16°46′48″N, 92°30′36″W], 12 January 1982, Breedlove & Almeda 57060 (CAS!, F!, GH!, MEXU!); Mpio. Zinacantán, summit of Cerro Muk'tavits, 2740 m, [16°44′34″N, 92°41′42″W], 30 April 1988, Breedlove 67051 (CAS!); Huistán, 5 km NW of Huistán along rd to San José de Las Floras, 2700 m, [16°44′51″N, 92°29′23″W], 7 May 1988, Breedlove & Bourell 67195 (CAS!); Mpio. Tenejapa, in the paraje Ach'lum, 2740 m, [16°47′01″N, 92°27′05″W], 19 May 1988, Breedlove & Bourell 68360 (CAS!); Huistán, 5 km WNW of Huistán Hwy on rd to San José Las Flores, 2700 m, [16°44′51″N, 20°29′23″W], 10 September 1988, Breedlove 69865 (CAS!); Mpio. Tenejapa, in paraje Banabil, 2740 m, [16°46′48″N, 92°30′36″W], 14 November 1988, Breedlove 71401 (CAS!); 25 km al NE de San Cristóbal de las Casas sobre el camino a Matzala, 2350 m, [16°47′08″N, 92°35′03″W], 25 November 1982, Cabrera et al. 3809 (MEXU!, NY!); 3 km al O de la carretera San Cristóbal de las Casas–Tenejapa, sobre el camino a Matzala, [16°47′08″N, 92°35′03″W], 29 September 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5760 (MEXU!); El Cerro del Huitepec, al O de San Cristóbal de las Casas, [16°44′34″N, 92°41′42″W], 4 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5997 (MEXU!, MO!); Cerro Zontehuitz, 10 mi by rd from Las Casas, to Tenejapa, then up barranca to trail at top, to 10,000 ft, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 28 January 1952, Carlson 2410 (F!, MEXU!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Estación Biológica Huitepec–PRONATURA, 2600 m, [16°44′45″N, 92°41′46″W], 6 March 1991, González E. et al. 1319 (MEXU!); Mpio. Chamula, Cerro Zontehuitz, 2 km below summit (by rd), S slope, 2824 m, 16°48.471′N, 92°35.094′W, (16°48′28″N, 92°35′05″W), 17 January 2003, Kelly et al. 1334 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!). Mpio. Zinacantán, near Zinacantán center, 6500 ft, [16°45′35″N, 92°43′18″W], 9 November 1966, Laughlin 2730 (DS!, MEXU!, NY!, US!); Mpio. Tenejapa, campo de fútbol 2 km al SO de Tenejapa, 2160 m, 16°48′33″N, 92°30′42″W, 27 February 1995, Martínez-Ico et al. 170 (CAS!, MEXU!); Mpio. Tenejapa, campo de fútbol 2 km SO de Tenejapa, 2160 m, 16°48′33″N, 92°30′42″W, 1 March 1995, Martínez-Ico et al. 177 (CAS!, MEXU!); Mpio. Tenejapa, 2 km al NE de bodega Conasupo, 2180 m, 16°48′33″N, 92°30′42″W, 6 November 1995, Mejía E. & Luna G. 933 (CAS!); camino San Cristóbal a Tenejapa, [16°46′48″N, 92°33′36″W], 1 January 1960, Miranda 9204 (MEXU!, US!); Mpio. Huistán, Ranchería El Porvenir, 11 November 1994, Ochoa G. 4560 (CAS!); Mpio. Tenejapa, 4 km al S de Tenejapa sobre la carretera a San Cristóbal de las Casas, 2400 m, [16°48′09″N, 92°30′46″W], 16 December 1992, Panero et al. 3103 (MEXU!); Mpio. Chamula, San Juan Chamula, [16°47′02″N, 92°41′23″W], 12 October 1987, Santíz R. 236 (CAS!, MEXU!); Mpio. Chamula, San Juan Chamula, 6900 ft, 30 December 1987, Santíz R. 495 (CAS!, MEXU!); Mpio. Chamula, San Juan Chamula, 27 February 1988, Santíz R. 673 (CAS!, NY!); rd from Chamula to Chenalho, near Paraje Tentic, 2250 m, 16°40′N, 93°00′W, [16°51′43″N, 92°41′04″W], 2 February 1990, Stafford et al. 195 (F!, MEXU!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, 20 km al SW de Tenejapa camino a San Cristóbal de las Casas, [16°45′16″N, 92°35′02″W], 25 September 1983, Téllez V. & Pankhurst 7266 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro Zontehuitz, 12 km al NE de San Cristóbal de las Casas, 2750 m, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 2 February 1989, Tenorio & Clark 15551b (CAS!, MEXU!); Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, ridge near radar tower, Zontehuitz, 9400 ft, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 21 June 1970, Thorne & Lathrop 40131 (DS!); Mpio. Tenejapa, near Tenejapa center, 6700 ft, [17°06′N, 92°19′12″W], January–March 1964, Ton 393 (DS!, F!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Colonia Ach'lum, 8700 ft, [16°47′01″N, 92°27′05″W], 27 December 1965, Ton 449 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Matsab, 8800 ft, [16°46′48″N, 92°28′12″W], 5 January 1966, Ton 478 (CAS!, F!, LL!, US!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje Shohleh, 8200 ft, [16°52′12″N, 92°28′12″W], 6 April 1966, Ton 793 (CAS!, GH!, LL!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Colonia Ach'lum, 8600 ft, 26 April 1966, Ton 875 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!); Mpio. Tenejapa, Paraje of Matsab, 8900 ft, [16°46′48″N,

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Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 29 20°28′12″W], 5 October 1966, Ton 1307 (DS!, MEXU!, NY!) ; Mpio. Tenejapa , colonia of ' Ach'lum, 9100 ft, 15 May 1967, Ton 2362 ( DS!) ; Mpio. Chamula , Cerro de Huitz, [17°06′30″N, 92°23′W], 1 March 1985, Ton 8105 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Santa Cruz en San Felipe, [16°44′38″N, 92°39′43″W], 15 November 1986, Ton & Martínez 9527 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Santa Cruz en San Felipe, 15 November 1986, Ton & Martínez 9565 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Santa Cruz en San Felipe, 15 November 1986, Ton & Martínez 9564 (CAS!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas , Santa Cruz en San Felipe, 15 November 1986, Ton & Concepción de López 9652 (CAS!, F!, MO!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Santa Cruz en San Felipe, 15 November 1986, Ton & Martínez 9660 (CAS!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!) ; Mpio. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Cerro Zontehuitz, NE of San Cristóbal, 9000–9400 ft, [16°50′N, 92°38′W], 25 June 1962, Webster et al. 11716 (MEXU!, MO!) .

GUATEMALA. Huehuetenango: between Cananá and Quetzal, Cerro Cananá, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes , 2500–2800 m, [15°51′40″N, 91°24′47″W], 18 July 1942, Steyermark 49103 (F!, NY!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Flowers of some species of Mexican and Central American Symplocos. a. S. longipes (photograph by Victor Steinman). b. S. austromexicana. c. S. breedlovei. d. S. coccinea. e. S. costaricana (photograph by Daniel Solano). f. S. hartwegii. g. S. nigridentata. h. S. povedae.

FIGURE 9. Symplocos breedlovei. a. Branchlet with inflorescences. b. Leaf margin. c. Section of branchlet and attached inflorescence with flower buds. d. Flower. e. Corolla opened with attached stamens. f. Calyx (partly cut away), disk, and gynoecium. g. Fruit. h. Fruit, cross section. i. Pubescence on surface of fruit. (a–f drawn from P. Tenorio & L. Clark 1555, MEXU; g–i drawn from A. Ton & M. Concepción de López 9652, MEXU.)

FIGURE 10. Geographic distribution of Symplocos breedlovei, S. citrea, and S. coccinea.