Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae, Roháček, 2019

Roháček, Jindřich, 2019, First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira - three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1), pp. 107-124 : 118-122

Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. nov.

( Figs 48 , 52–68 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE: Ƌ, labelled:“N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32°48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17°06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, Ysabel M. Gonçalves & Fernando Nunes leg.” (printed), “15-12/12/97, E 7 Pit” (handwritten), “ Holotypus Ƌ Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. n., J. Rohá č ek det. 2018” (red label). The specimen is intact, dried from ethanol and mounted on triangular pinned card ( SMOC) . PARATYPES: PORTUGAL: N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal I, 32°47 ′ 37 ʺ N, 17°06 ′ 41 ʺ W, 570 m, 18.ii.–10.iii., pitfall trap B 1, ♁, no collector; 18.ii.–10.iii., pitfall trap A 3, ♁, 13.–20.iii., pitfall traps B 9, ♁ 2 ♀♀, 7.–14.iv., pitfall trap C 4, ♀, 14.–18.iv., pitfall trap C 9, 2 ♁♁, 5.–12.v., pitfall trap A 5, ♀, 30.vi.–7.vii., pitfall trap B 5, ♁, 28.vii.–4-viii.1997, pitfall traps A 4, ♀, B 12, ♁, all Dília Menezes leg.; Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32°48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17°06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, 12.–19.ii., pitfall trap D 9, ♀, 19.ii.–10.iii. pitfall traps D 1, 3 ♁♁, D 2, ♁ ♀, D 3, 2 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, E 1, ♁, E 2, 2 ♁♁ ♀, 13.–20.iii., D 6, 2 ♁♁ ♀, D 9, ♁ 2 ♀♀, D 10, 3 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, D 11, 2 ♁♁, E 6, 1 ♁ 2 ♀♀, E 7, 2 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, E 10, 2 ♀♀, 7.–14.iv., pitfall traps D 3, ♀, D 4, ♀, D 5, ♁, D 7, ♁, D 10, ♀, E 4, ♀, E 6, ♁, E 8, ♁, 2.–9.vi., pitfall traps D 5, ♀, D 6, ♀, D 8, ♀, D 11, ♀, E 6, 2 ♀♀, 28.vii.–4.viii., pitfall traps D 7, ♀, E 3, ♀, E 7, 2 ♀♀, F 1, ♁, 25.viii.–1. ix.1997, pitfall traps D 3, ♀, D 6, ♁ ♀, D 12, ♀, E 1, ♁, E 4, ♁, all Dília Menezes leg.; 22.–29.ix.1997, pitfall traps D 6, ♀, D 7, ♁, D 9, ♀, Ysabel M. Gonçalves leg.; 21.–28.x., pitfall trap D 8, ♀, 17.–24.xi.1997, pitfall traps D 5, ♀, D 12, 2 ♀♀, E 7, ♀, F 12, ♀, all Dília Menezes & Ysabel M. Gonçalves leg.; 19.–26.i.1998, pitfall trap E 4, ♁, Dília Menezes, Ysabel M. Gonçalves & Fernando Nunes leg. ( UMa, 10 ♁♁ 10 ♀♀ in SMOC, 2 ♁♁ 2♀♀ in NMPC; most specimens preserved in ethanol,some dried and mounted on pinned trinagular cards, some with genit.prep.). S. MADEIRA: Funchal-Monte, Ribeira de João Goméz, 450 m, under stones in mixed forest, 7.ix.2003, J. Rohá č ek leg. ( SMOC, genit. prep.).

Additional non-type specimens (damaged specimens): N. MADEIRA: Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal II, 32°48 ′ 12 ʺ N, 17°06 ′ 53 ʺ W, 462 m, 13.–20. iii., pitfall traps E 7, 4 ♀♀, E 10, ♁, 7.–14.iv.1997, pitfall trap E 2, ♀, all all Dília Menezes leg. ( UMa).

Description. Male. Total body length 1.38–1.95 mm; general colour and microtomentum as in P. kesoni including duller lateral and ventral portions of body. Head distinctly higher than long (about 3:2) but generally coloured as in P. kesoni , brown to blackish brown except for distinctly paler (ochreous) face. Frons brown to blackish brown, largely shining; occiput blackish brown with dark grey microtomentum. Orbits, interfrontalia and ocellar triangle distinctly silvery grey microtomentose; dull blackish brown stripe between interfrontalia and orbit distinct; frontal triangle broad and long, reaching to anterior margin of frons, shining (more than that of P. kesoni ) and distinctly paler (brown) than rest of frons. Cephalic chaetotaxy closely resembling that of P. kesoni but differing as follows: vte sometimes as long as vti; ifr more variable, in 3–4 pairs, often with 2 middle pairs robust and medially meeting or crossed, i. e. anterior microseta larger to form 4th ifr seta; g longer than in P. kesoni and also the smaller seta behind it as long as or longer than anterior peristomal setula. Frontal lunule darker than that of P. kesoni , dark ochreous to pale brown, not very contrasting with colour of anterior part of frons. Face normally also darker than in P. kesoni , ochreous to pale brown (darkest dorsomedially). Gena relatively deep, brown anteriorly (distinctly darker than adjacent part of face), dark brown posteriorly. Eye not circular (18:15) or oval because broader dorsally and narrower ventrally, relatively smaller than in P. kesoni , with longest diameter about 4.0 times as long as smallest genal height. Antenna brown; 3rd segment (1st flagellomere) as short as that of P. kesoni with ciliation on apex slightly longer than longest cilia of arista. Arista 4.0–4.2 times as long as antenna, relatively shortly ciliate.

Thorax with same colouration and microtomentum as that of P. kesoni . Scutellum large, flat, transversely (3:2) rounded trapezoidal. Thoracic chaetotaxy closely resembling that of P. kesoni but foremost dc yet shorter (only twice or less as long as dc microsetae), 6–8 rows of ac microsetae on suture, medial prescutellar ac pair shorter than in P. kesoni (hardly longer than foremost dc), laterobasal sc slightly longer than scutellum, apical sc about 1.5 times as long as laterobasal; 2 stpl but anterior reduced to microseta (sometimes poorly visible).

Legs brown to orange brown, femora darkest, coxae, trochanters, knees and tarsi palest (ochreous); fore coxa dirty yellow. Femora relatively robust, particularly hind femora distinctly thickened (more robust than those of P. kesoni ). Mid leg chaetotaxy: f 2 with 2 rows of short ventral setae less distinct than in P. kesoni . t 2 ventrally with a row (shorter than in P. kesoni ) of small dense spines and short (much shorter than in female and also than in male P. kesoni ) ventroapical seta and 1 small anteroapical seta ( Fig. 68 ); dorsal chaetotaxy of t 2 as in P. kesoni but short setae above anterodorsal seta in proximal fourth reduced or absent ( Fig. 66 ). t

2: mt

2 = 1.73–1.87.

Wing ( Fig. 48 ) with venation and colouration of membrane very similar to those of P. kesoni and only slightly differing as follows: R 2+3 more straight and only apically upcurved to C; cell dm short as that of P. kesoni but usually with longer venal processes of M and CuA 1 beyond dm-cu. Wing measurements: length 1.25–1.63 mm, width 0.49–0.72 mm, C-index = 0.96–1.09, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.27–1.67. Haltere with brown knob and contrastingly pale ochreous stem.

Abdomen coloured, microtomentose and setose similarly to that of P. kesoni . Preabdominal terga T2–T5 somewhat longer than those of P. kesoni and T1+2 not longer than T3 and T4 together. T3 as wide as T1+2 posteriorly, T3–T5 subequal in length but becoming distinctly narrower posteriorly. S1+2 reduced and submembranous and also S3 and S4 resembling those of P. kesoni but S3 narrower and S4 only as long as and usually somewhat narrower than S5. Pregenital sternum S5 ( Fig. 53 ) resembling in shape and chaetotaxy that of P. kesoni but somewhat longer, with medial concavity being posteromedially emarginate (lacking submembranous lappet), and two groups (better tufts) of longer setae laterally in front of the latter very dense, well visible also in lateral view even of dry mounted specimens; also other setae on lateral parts of S5 more numerous than in P. kesoni . S6+7 and S8 generally formed and positioned as in P. kesoni but S6+7 reaching farther dorsally where (on right side of postabdomen) somewhat widened and S8 longer than S6+7.

Genitalia: Epandrium ( Figs 52, 55 ) most similar to that of P. kesoni (including presence of 1 very long dorsolateral seta) but slightly longer and with more numerous setae. Anal fissure somewhat narrower and parallel-sided ( Fig. 52 ). Cerci medially only narrowly fused (subanal plate ventromedially more incised) and in contrast to those of P. kesoni with more distinct micropubescence (see Fig. 55 ). Medandrium wider ventrally than dorsally, hence of more usual shape ( Fig. 55 ). Hypandrium roughly Y-shaped in dorsal view as in relatives, with anteromedial rod-like apodeme longer compared to phallapodeme (cf. Fig. 52 ) than in P. kesoni . Gonostylus ( Figs 52, 54, 55 ) markedly differing from that of P. kesoni although with similar dense, long, sinuous setae on outer side. It is characterized by an anterodorsal acute corner and a robust ventral thumb-shaped projection having a series of short setae on anterior margin; the latter projection with distinctly dilated and rounded apex in posterior view ( Fig. 55 ). Aedeagal complex ( Figs 56, 57 ). Phallapodeme similarly formed as in P. kesoni including the well-developed dorsal keel. Aedeagus with compact but more elongate and posteriorly projecting phallophore (see Fig. 56 ). Distiphallus generally constructed as that of P. kesoni but the flat dorsal basal sclerite short, the main large (lateroventral) paired sclerite distinctly longer ( Fig. 56 ) and having groups of small dark tubercle-like spinulae situated more apically ( Fig. 57 ) and dorsomedial spike-like process (visible also in lateral view) more robust ( Fig. 57 ). Postgonite very dissimilar to that of P. kesoni , elongate (as long as phallapodeme), somewhat sinuous in profile ( Fig. 56 ), narrowest in proximal third, dilated both proximally and distally, with large blunt tooth on apex and microsetae reduced, poorly visible. Remnant of pregonite minute and with 2 setulae as in P. kesoni . Ejacapodeme minute, resembling that of P. kesoni (cf. Fig. 32 ).

Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise below. Total body length 1.58–2.46 mm (gravid females largest). Femora more slender, f 3 less thickened (but more robust than in female P. kesoni ); f 2 ventrally without rows of thicker curved setae; t 2 chaetotaxy resembling that of P. kesoni , thus ventrally with 1 short ventral seta near middle and 1 long (longer than in male) ventroapical seta ( Fig. 67 ), anteroapical seta also distinctly longer than in male; dorsal chaetotaxy as in male but long distal dorsal seta longer ( Fig. 66 ). t 2: mt 2 = 1.67–1.82. Wing measurements: length 1.11–1.81 mm, width 0.43–0.72 mm, C-index = 0.95–1.16, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 1.43–1.69. Preabdominal terga distinctly shorter, more transverse (T 3 in particular); T1+2 distinctly shorter than T3 and T4 together; T3–T5 subequal in length but becoming narrower posteriorly. Preabdominal sterna similarly setose and micropubescent to those of P. kesoni . S1+2 reduced, bare and submembranous as in male; S3–S5 subequal in length; S3–S4 large but distinctly (S3) or slightly (S4) narrower than associated terga, all more transverse than in male; S3 more transversely trapezoidal and with corners more rounded than in male; S4 largest and widest (most transverse) sternum; S5 simple, transversely suboblong, narrower but not shorter than S4.

Postabdomen ( Figs 58, 62, 63 ) somewhat longer and more elongate than that of P. kesoni . T6 transverse, posteriorly somewhat rounded, markedly narrower than S6 and with setae in posterior half ( Fig. 58 ); T7 almost as long as T6 and bent farther onto lateral side (see Fig. 63 ) and seemingly narrower in dorsal view, with pale posterior margin and only single row of setae (as in P. kesoni ). T8 larger than that of P. kesoni and more sclerotized dorsomedially, pale-pigmented broadly posteromedially and narrowly anteromedially ( Fig. 58 ), with dark and large lateral parts ( Fig. 63 ), each with 1 long and a number of small setae. T10 transversely pentagonal, wider than long, all finely densely micropubescent and with a pair of widely spaced setae ( Fig. 58 ). S6 much wider, more transverse and more setulose than both T6 and S7 and that of P. kesoni ( Figs 62, 63 ). S7 simple, darker than S6, transversely suboblong, slightly wider than T6, with setae only at posterior pale-pigmented margin. S8 ( Figs 62, 63 ) distinctive, much longer than S7, anteromedially distinctly bulging, posteriorly tapering, finely setose on bulge and at posterior margin but a pair of longer more lateral setae also present. Additional sclerite between S8 and S10 ( Fig. 62 ) large, bare but longer than that of P. kesoni , differing from the latter by distinct posterolateral lobes ( Fig. 61 ). S10 less than half length of S8, transversely pentagonal but longer than that of P. kesoni , with distinctive micropubescence, setulose in posterior half, submedially with a pair of longer setae ( Fig. 62 ). Spectacles-shaped sclerite oriented vertically as that of P. kesoni , elongate, but basally expanded anteriorly and hammer-like in lateral view ( Fig. 65 ) and distally with much larger, almost circular rings ( Fig. 64 ). Spermathecae 2+1 ( Figs 59, 60 ) blackish brown, each less tyre-shaped and more vesicular and differing from those of P. kesoni also by almost smooth surface, smaller and distally narrower terminal invagination (with only 1–3 spinulae inside), terminal parts of ducts less sclerotized, but with distinct, separate, dark and heavily sclerotized, conical, tuberculate terminal part. Cerci ( Figs 58, 63 ) similar to those of P. kesoni but longer and each with 5 setae, the dorsopreapical and apical long and sinuate, the latter slightly longer than length of cercus.

Comments. Pullimosina dorae sp. nov. seems to be the closest relative of P. kesoni sp. nov. (described above). The external morphological and colour differences of these two species are rather subtle (all enumerated in the above description of P. dorae ) and usually do not enable them to be separated safely. It is therefore recommended to examine male and/or female postabdominal structures of P. dorae , the most characteristic of which are the shape and setosity of male S5 ( Fig. 53 ), gonostylus ( Fig. 54 ), postgonite ( Fig. 56 ), female T8 ( Fig. 58 ), S8 ( Figs 62, 63 ), additional sclerite ( Fig. 61 ) and spermathecae ( Fig. 60 ). The differences in these structures are discussed in more detail above under P. kesoni .

Etymology. This new species is named in honour of Dr. Dora Aguiar-Pombo (Universidade de Madeira, Funchal, Madeira), who kindly provided logistic support during my collecting trip to Madeira in 2003 and enabled me to study material of Sphaeroceridae collected by the staff of the Dept. of Biology of the University in laurel forests at Chão da Ribeira.

Biology. Like P. kesoni , this species seems to be terricolous in the laurel forest leaf litter stratum. Almost all specimens were caught by means of pitfall traps operated in this forest ecosystem ( Figs 49, 50 ), but, interestingly, the majority of them in the somewhat disturbed laurisilva area (Chão da Ribeira II) which also includes introduced tree species such as Eucalyptus globulus , Pinus pinaster , etc. In 2003 I collected only a single female in Funchal-Monte, under a stone in a brook valley (see type material) but this locality, although now secondarily forested, also lies within the original distribution of the Laurisilva ecosystem in Madeira ( Fig. 69 ). Pullimosina dorae seems to have survived there after the extirpation of the original forest. These facts indicate that this species could be more habitat-tolerant than is P. kesoni and can live also in more or less affected laurel forests. In the valley of Ribeira do Seixal it proved to be most common of the three species discussed here, probably occurring throughout the whole year (recorded in January–November).

Distribution. Madeira (all known localities mapped in Fig. 69 ).

Figures

Figs 48–51. Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. nov. (Madeira) and its habitat. 48 – wing, male paratype (length ca 1.6 mm); 49 – microhabitat, interior of laurel forest nr. Chão da Ribeira e do Seixal; 50 – same locality (type locality of P. dorae), laurel forest on right slopes of the valley; 51 – Ribero Frio env. (view from Balcões), laurel forests. Photo by J. Roháček.

Figs 52–57. Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. nov., male paratype (Madeira). 52 – external genitalia, laterally; 53 – S5, ventrally; 54 – gonostylus, sublaterally (widest extension); 55 – genitalia (aedeagal complex omitted), caudally; 56 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 57 – aedeagus, dorsally; Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 54), 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 58–68. Pullimosina (Pullimosina) dorae sp. nov., female and male paratypes (Madeira). 58 – female postabdomen, dorsally; 59 – spermatheca; 60 – paired spermathecae; 61 – female additional sclerite, posteroventrally; 62 – female postabdomen, ventrally; 63 – female postabdomen, laterally; 64 – spectacles-shaped sclerite, ventrally; 65 – ditto, laterally; 66 – female t2 dorsally; 67 – ditto, anteriorly; 68 – male t2 anteriorly. Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs 58, 61–63), 0.03 mm (Figs 59, 60, 64, 65), 0.2 mm (others).

Figs 32–37. Pullimosina (Pullimosina) kesoni sp. nov., male paratype (Madeira). 32 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 33 – S5, ventrally; 34 – aedeagus, dorsally; 35 – external genitalia (aedeagal complex omitted), caudally; 36 – gonostylus, sublaterally (widest extension); 37 – genitalia, laterally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 36), 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviations see pages 108–109.

Fig. 69. Map of Madeira Island with all known localities of Spelobia polymorpha, Pullimosina kesoni and P. dorae spp. nov. The extent of original distribution of montane laurel forests (named Laurissilva do Til in the lengend) is in dark green colour.