Glyptapanteles carlhuffakeri Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles carlhuffakeri Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 42 , 43

Female.

Body length 2.37 mm, antenna length 2.88 mm, fore wing length 2.48 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 01-SRNP-11339, DHJPAR0000010; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla ; dry-rain intergrade forest; 280 m; 11.03004, -85.52699; 01.x.2001; Lucia Ríos leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 10 (3♀, 2♂) (5♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11339, DHJPAR0000010; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla : • 3 (1♀, 1♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11329, DHJPAR0001489; dry-rain intergrade forest; 280 m; 11.03004, -85.52699; 01.x.2001; Lucia Ríos leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 04.x.2001; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.x.2001. • 2 (1♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11333, DHJPAR0001499; same data as for preceding except: adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001 . • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11335, DHJPAR0001494; same data as for preceding except: cocoons formed on 02.x.2001 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001. • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11337, DHJPAR0000007; same data as for preceding except: cocoons formed on 04.x.2001 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001. • 2 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 1♂ broken); 01-SRNP-11338, DHJPAR0000009; same data as for preceding except: white elongate square bud-like cocoons; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001 . • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11340, DHJPAR0000011; same data as for preceding except: cocoons white, elongate, square bud-like formed on 02.x.2001 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.x.2001. • 8 (3♀, 0 ♂) (5♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11346, DHJPAR0001498; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.x.2001 .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Tigre : • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11361, DHJPAR0001491; dry-rain intergrade forest; 280 m; 11.03172, -85.52615; 05.x.2001; Lucia Ríos leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; parasitoid cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 09.x.2001; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.x.2001. • 4 (2♀, 0 ♂) (3♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11362, DHJPAR0001488; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons. • 6 (2♀, 2♂) (1♀, 1♂); 01-SRNP-11365, DHJPAR0001476; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons formed on 08.x.2001 . • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11374, DHJPAR0001497; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoon adhered to the leaf surface and formed on 08.x.2001 . • 4 (2♀, 0 ♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11376, DHJPAR0001513; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate. • 3 (1♀, 0 ♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-11377, DHJPAR0001512; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoon which are loose rather than adhered to the leaf and formed on 08.x.2001 . • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 01-SRNP-11378, DHJPAR0001492; same data as for preceding except: white hard cylindrical bud-like cocoons only very slightly adhered together and to leaf surface and formed on 08.x.2001 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.x.2001.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Del Oro, Quebrada Raiz : • 11 (3♀, 3♂) (3♀, 2♂); 06-SRNP-21947, DHJPAR0012015; dry-rain intergrade forest; 280 m; 11.02865, -85.48669; 29.vi.2006; Roster Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white bud-like cocoons in litter or soil and formed on 06.vii.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.vii.2006. • 2 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 06-SRNP-21942, DHJPAR0012020; same data as for preceding except: adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2006 .

Diagnosis.

In lateral view scutellum on same plane as mesoscutum ( Figs 42A , 43C ), T3 longer than T2 ( Fig. 42H ), longitudinal median carina on face present ( Fig. 42B ), antenna longer than body, distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, petiole on T1 virtually parallel-sided but narrowing over distal 1/3 ( Figs 42G , 43E ), surface of metasternum flat or nearly so, edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes ( Figs 42G , 43E ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa absent ( Figs 42J , 43F ), and fore wing with r vein slightly curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a slight stub ( Figs 42K , 43G ).

Coloration

( Fig. 42 A–L ). General body coloration brown-black except proximal part of scape, pedicel, dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum, and epicnemial ridge with yellow-brown tints; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes dark gray and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except claws brown; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae with apex yellow, apex of femora, apex of tibiae and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 dark brown and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median area dark brown and lateral ends light brown; T3 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish/yellowish band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow-brown; T3 yellow-brown, but dorsally brown; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 completely yellow-brown; S4 and beyond brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 42 A–D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.24:0.06, 0.22:0.06, 0.22:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.11:0.06, 0.10:0.06), antenna longer than body (2.88, 2.37); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face with scattered finely punctate, interspaces on face smooth with lateral depression and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces with microsculpture. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.14). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 42A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, scutellum in profile slightly convex, but on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS not overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with a little, complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM with undulate carinae throughout. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.14, 0.09). Hind coxa finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer that outer spur (0.20, 0.16); entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.24, 0.23).

Wings ( Fig. 42K, L ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken, and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 42A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3, apex truncate (length 0.36, maximum width 0.29, minimum width 0.08), petiole with little and concentrated pubescence in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.16, length T2 0.16), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.16, maximum width 0.22, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.21, 0.16) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. White bud-like cocoons with body ridge-shape and silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoons elongate, square in cross section, only very slightly adhered together and to adhered to the leaf substrate or in litter or soil.

Comments.

The sculpture on the petiole are located laterally, but differ in shape: proximally with longitudinal stripes and distally with punctation.

Male

( Fig. 43 A–I ). The body is slender than females.

Etymology.

Carl Barton Huffaker (September 30, 1914 - October 10, 1995) was an eminent American biologist, ecologist, and agricultural entomologist at the University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla and Sendero Tigre) and Sector Del Oro (Quebrada Raíz), during October 2001 and June 2006 at 280 m in dry-rain intergrade forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary/gregarious.

Host.

Leucotmemis nexa ( Herrich-Schäffer) ( Erebidae , Arctiinae) feeding on Serjania atrolineata ( Sapindaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in fourth instar.

Figures

Figure 42. Glyptapanteles carlhuffakeri sp. nov. female 01 - SRNP- 11339 DHJPAR 0000010 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind.

Figure 43. Glyptapanteles carlhuffakeri sp. nov. male 01 - SRNP- 11339 DHJPAR 0000010 A Habitus B, C Mesonotum B Dorsolateral view C Lateral view D Propodeum dorsolateral view E T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view G, I Wings G Fore I Hind H Genitalia: parameres, lateral view.