Amauromyza (Amauromyza) stachysi, Guglya, 2021

Guglya, Yuliia, 2021, Rearing mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from host plants as an instrument for associating females with males, with the description of seven new species, Zootaxa 5014 (1), pp. 1-158 : 24-26

Amauromyza (Amauromyza) stachysi spec. nov.

( Figs. 62–66 , 369–374 , 376 )

Holotype ( KUMN). “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region, / near Petrivske , / 49°10’N, 36°58’E, / 16.vi.2019 / Yu. Guglya leg. ”, “serpentine-blotch mines / on Stachys palustris with / larva, 18.vi.2019 —pup. / outside the mine, / 30.vi.2019 —imago” (1♂)“.

Paratypes ( KUMN). “ Ukraine, Sumy Region, / Vakalivschyna , / 51°02’N, 34°55’E / 13.vi.2010 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentine-blotch mine / with larva on Leonurus / quinquelobatus , / 18.vi.—pupariation / 5.vii.2010 —imago ” (1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region, / near Petrivske , / 49°10’N, 36°58’E, / 16.vi.2019 / Yu. Guglya leg. ”, “serpentine-blotch mines / with larva on Stachys / palustris , / 30.vi.2019 —imago” (2♂) ; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region, Near Lyman, / Kryva Luka , 3.vi.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serp-blotch mines on / Leonurus quinquelobatus / 6.vi.2019 –puparium / outside the mine, / 19.vi.2019 —imago” (1♂) ; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region, Near Lyman, / Kryva Luka , 1.vi.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serp-blotch mines on / Leonurus quinquelobatus / 1.vi.2019 –puparium / outside the mine, / 18.vi.2019 —imago” (1♂ 1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region, Near Lyman, / Kryva Luka , 2.vi.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpblotch mines on Stachys / palustris / 2.vi.2019 —/ puparium outside the mine / 14.vi.2019 —imago” (2♀) ; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region, Near Lyman, / Kryva Luka , 1.vi.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / 10.00 Yu. Guglya leg.” (1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region, Near Lyman, / Kryva Luka , 31.v.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / 16.00 Yu. Guglya leg.” ♀; “ Ukraine, Donetsk / Region , Near Lyman , / Kryva Luka , 3.vi.2019 / 48°52’34”N, 37°54’37”E / 11.00 Yu. Guglya leg.” (1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Haidary , / 49°37’N, 36°19’E / 25.vii.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentine-blotch mine / on Stachys palustris / 27.vii.2020 —/ pupariation outside / 11.viii.2020 —imago.” (1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Haidary , / 49°37’N, 36°19’E / 25.vii.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentineblotch mine / on Stachys palustris / 27.vii.2020 —/ pupariation outside / 12.viii.2020 —imago.” (1♂) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Haidary , / 49°37’N, 36°19’E / 25.vii.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentine-blotch mine / on Stachys palustris / 27.vii.2020 —/ pupariation outside / 19.viii.2020 —imago.” (1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Petrivske , / 49°10’N, 36°58’E / 27.vi.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentine-blotch mine / on Leonurus / quinquelobatus / 4.vii.—pupariation / outside 15.vii.2020 —imago.” (4♂ 1♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Petrivske , / 49°10’N, 36°58’E / 27.vi.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “serpentine-blotch mine / on Leonurus / quinquelobatus / 4.vii.—pupariation / outside 16.vii.2020 —imago.” (1♂ 2♀) ; “ Ukraine, Kharkiv Region / near Petrivske , / 49°10’N, 36°58’E / 27.vi.2020 / Yu. Guglya leg.”, “from serpentine-blotch / mine on Leonurus / quinquelobatus 4.vii.2020 /—pupariation outside / 17.vii.2020 —imago.” (1♀) .

Etymology. The name of the new species originated from one of its host plant, Stachys .

Hosts. Lamiaceae : Stachys palustris L. , Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib.

Mine. ( Figs. 62, 63 ) The solitary larva forms a white irregular upper surface linear-blotch mine. Pupation takes place outside the mine. It can be easily confused with the mine of A. leonuri , which develops in some Lamiaceae species.

Puparium. ( Figs. 64–66 ) Brown, glossy, 2.2 mm long, with deep segmentation; surface quite smooth except for narrow black spine bands and two last abdominal segments are wrinkled. Posterior spiracles set on stout conical protuberances entirely strongly separate; with four hook-like sessile bulbs set in a circular configuration. Anal plate distinctly protruding above the surface of the puparium viewed from the side and directed ventrally.

Cephalopharyngeal skeleton. ( Fig. 369 ) Right mouthhook much larger than the left. Each bears a long fingerlike process directed ventrally and two sharp accessory teeth. Intermediate sclerite wide and short, 0.67× as long as maximum height of left mouthhook. The mouthhook, intermediate sclerite and dorso-anterior portion of the pharyngeal sclerite are strongly sclerotized; the posterior portion of the dorsal cornu and the ventral cornu are much less so. The ventral cornu bears a small “closed” window. Indentation index 83.

Distribution. Ukraine (Sumy, Kharkiv, Donetsk Regions).

Adult description. Head. ( Figs. 370, 371 ) Orbit not projecting above eye in profile; 2 orb s, 3 fr s (distance between orb s 2× distances between all others neighbouring setae); frorb sta in one row, reclinate, sparse, long; orbit not wide, without distinct contours, very slightly shining (frontal view); lunule higher than a semicircle, reaching level of 2 nd fr s; frons matt; gena medially 0.15× as high as maximum height of eye; gena deepest in posterior part; pped rounded with anterodorsal margin angulate (viewed from the side).

Wing: ( Fig. 372 ) Hyaline with greyish undertone; costal vein greyish-black, reaching M 1; last section of CuA 1 1.7–2.5× as long as penultimate; first cross-vein after midpoint of discal cell; calypter dark grey, margin and fringe black. Wing length: 2.0 mm in male, 2.5 mm in female.

Mesonotum, scutulum and abdomen: Black, distinctly shining viewed from above; 1 (8 specimens) or 0 (14 specimens) presutural dc s, 3 postsutural dc s; in most of cases (18 from 21 specimens) there is additional short seta between the suture and 1 st postsural dc s, 0.5× as long as 1 st postsural dc s; acr s in 5 irregular rows at level of 2 nd posterior dc s; halters black; legs uniformly black.

Male genitalia: ( Fig. 376 ) Epandrium hemispherical with distinct wide caudal projection. Hypandrium Ushaped, semicircular proximally, with short and wide arms. Ejaculatory apodeme with sperm sac 0.6 mm long. Blade of the apodeme triangular, with well sclerotized distal margin. Stem short and stout. Sperm sac large, spherical, equal in height with blade of the ejaculatory apodeme, with two wide rows of minute spines distally. Distiphallus 0.4 mm long. Basiphallus triangular, with slightly asymmetrical arms, as long as maximum width. When viewed from below distiphallus divided into two broad ovate and acute proximally tubular processes.

Female genitalia: ( Figs. 373, 374 ) Proctiger relatively wide, 2.5× as long as maximum width; cylindrical in posterior half, dramatically narrowing and bearing two elongated well sclerotized curved appendages anteriorly. Patches of fine and larger spines are developed only near posterior margin of proctiger. Posterior margin of proctiger slightly concave medially, with sharp convex portions laterally; cercus relatively wide and rounded apically. Spermathecae equal in size, dark brown, semicircular, flattened basally and slightly concave apically, without basal collar. Capsule of spermatheca 0.6× as high as maximum width. Internal duct invagination 0.32× as wide as spermatheca. Spermathecal duct corrugated and weakly sclerotized.

Comments. It is difficult to differentiate the new species and A. leonuri externally, except: A. leonuri is smaller, with wing length from 1.9 mm in male to 2.2. mm in female; first cross-vein normally before midpoint of discal cell ( Fig. 366 ); distance between orb s only slightly more than distance between others fronto-orbitals; male with 0+3 dc s. Differences between the two species are distinctly visible in comparing male genitalia in ventral and lateral positions. male genitalia A. leonuri also differ as follows: larger, with distiphallus 0.6 mm and ejaculatory apodeme with sperm sac 0.7 mm long; when viewed from below basiphallus is short, 0.5× as long as maximum width, narrowly pointed distally and with acute lateral portions curved distally; the distiphallus divided into two broad widening proximally tubular processes. ( Figs. 375, 376 ); the distiphallus is connected with the basiphallus at an angle of 90° in A. leonuri and 80° in the new species viewed from the side; the shape of the postgonite in both species is similar. At the same time, the shape and proportions of the ejaculatory apodeme may distinctly vary and is not a reliable diagnostic character. Regarding female morphology, the spermathecae of both species are quite similar, but two species can be immediately recognized by the shape of the proctiger ( Figs. 368, 374 ). Puparium colour and shape are similar in both species, but in A. leonuri the puparium is larger, being 3.2.mm long. three bulbs arranged dorsally on the posterior spiracle (not three). The largest bulb curved ventrally in both species, but in A. leonuri it is longer and sharper.

The new species can be integrated into the key on p. 287 of Papp & Černý (2016) as follows:

8. Gena medially at least/about 0.3 as high as an eye. Frons distinctly projecting above eye, parafacialia visible as a ring in profile. Male genitalia ( Papp & Černý, 2016: Figs 102A–J ). Epandrium above caudal opening without any small hump.................................................................................... A. (A.) morionella (Zetterstedt)

- Frons not projecting above eye, parafacialia hardly discernible in profile. Epandrium above caudal opening with a distinct hump (caudal projection).............................................................................. 8a

8a. Gena medially only 0.17× as high as maximum height of eye. Basiphallus triangular, with slightly asymmetrical arms, as long as maximum width. Distiphallus divided into two broad ovate and acute proximally tubular processes (viewed from below). ( Fig. 376 )...................................................................... A. (A.) stachysi spec. nov.

- Gena medially 0.25× as high as maximum height of eye. Presutular seta always reduced. Basiphallus and distiphallus of another shape.............................................................................................. 9

Figures

FIGURES 58–66. Figures 58–61: Amauromyza (A.) leonuri Spencer; 58: mine in Betonica officinalis leaf; 59–60: posterior segments of puparium; 59: lateral view; 60: posterior view. 61: posterior spiracles (posterior view). Figures 62–66: A. (A.) stachysi spec. nov.; 62–63: mines; 62: in Leonurus quinquelobatus leaf; 63: in Stachys palustris leaf; 64–65: posterior segments of puparium; 64: lateral view; 65: posterior view. 66: posterior spiracles (posterior view).

FIGURES 363–374. Figures 363–368: Amauromyza (A.) leonuri Spencer; 363: cephalopharyngeal skeleton; 364: frontal view of head; 365: head viewed from the side; 366: wing; 367: spermatheca; 368: proctiger. Figures 369–374: A. (A.) stachysi spec. nov.; 369: cephalopharyngeal skeleton; 370: frontal view of head; 371: head viewed from the side; 372: wing; 373: spermatheca; 374: proctiger.

FIGURES 375–376. Male genitalia proportionally viewed from below; 375: Amauromyza (A.) leonuri Spencer; 376: A. (A.) stachysi spec. nov.

FIGURES 94–103. Figures 94–96: Cerodontha (Poemyza) incisa (Meigen); 94–95: posterior segments of puparium; 94: lateral view; 95: posterior view. 96: posterior spiracles (posterior view). Figures 97–99: C. (Poemyza) lateralis (Macquart); 97: mine in Milium effusum leaf; 98: empty puparium viewed from the side; 99 posterior segments of puparium (posterior view). Figures 100–103: C. (Poemyza) melica Nowakowski; 100: mine in Dactylis glomerata leaf; 101–102: posterior segments of puparium; 101: lateral view; 102: posterior view. 103: posterior spiracles (posterior view).