ARECACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

ARECACEAE

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 66 (1823) Syn: Acrocomia ierensis L.H.Bailey Common Name : Banga, Goo-goo-loo, Gru-Gru, Gru-Gru Bef, Shac-Shac Tree, Sticky Banga Exotic.

Aiphanes aculeata Willd., Samml. Deutsch, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1803: 253 (1806) Common name: Gri Gri. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Dry forest, from sea level. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Maracas-El Tucuche; P.O.S.- Santa Cruz; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Valley, Wall 122 (S), Britton & Hazen 1634 (GH, K, NY). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 558 (1932) Habit: Palm. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: without locality, Britton & Bailey s.n. (BH). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles.

Archontophoenix alexandrae (F.Muell.) H.Wendl. & Drude, Linnaea 39: 212 (1875) Exotic.

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H.Wendl. & Drude, Linnaea 39: 214 (1875) Exotic.

Areca catechu L., Sp. Pl. 1189 (1753) Common Name: Kasaili, Supari. Exotic.

Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch. -Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 310 (1826) Exotic.

Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc., Agric. Colon (10: 447 (1916) Exotic.

Arenga nana (Griff.) H.E.Moore, Principes 4: 114 (1960) Exotic.

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr., Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 119 (1917) Exotic.

Arenga saccharifera Labill., Mem. Inst. Par. 4: 209 (1801) Exotic.

Arenga wightii Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 475 (1845) Exotic.

Astrocaryum aculeatum G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 266 (1818) Syn: Astrocaryum aureum Griseb. & H.Wendl. Common Name : Banga, Gru-Gru. Exotic

Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L.f.) Wess. Boer, Pittieria 17: 312 (1988) Syn: Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L.f.) H.Karst. ex H.Wendl.; Scheelea curvifrons L.H.Bailey ; Scheelea urbaniana Burret Common name: Cocorite, Rough Palm, Trash Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Seasonal and wet forest areas, common along river margins but also in open, savanna areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Manzanilla-Fishing Pond. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Easterfield, Bailey 141 (BH), Broadway 4015 (BM, K); Mason Hall, Broadway 4744 (BM). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Hart s.n. (BM, TRIN 5796); Lapeyrouse Cemetery, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart., Voy. Amér. Mér. 7 Palmiers, 123 (1844) Syn: Attalea regia (Mart.) Wess.Boer ;

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Maximiliana caribaea Griseb. ex H.L.Wendl. & Griseb. ; Maximiliana elegans Karst. ; Maximiliana maripa (Aubl.) Drude Common name: Cocorite Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Evergreen and deciduous seasonal forest, marsh forest, secondary growth after fire. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 40% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 57% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Teteron Bay, Britton 494 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Bactris campestris Poepp. ex Mart. , in Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 146 (1837) Syn: Bactris savannarum Britton Common name: Savanna Bactris, Savannah Roseau , White-spined Bactris, Wild Gri-Gri. Habit : Palm. Habitat: Palm marsh and marsh forest, and occasional in clumps in savanna. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Britton et al. 269 (NY), Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9850), Broadway 5282 (BM, FHO, K), Broadway s.n. (K), Richardson 733 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Bactris gasipaes Kunth , Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 302 (1816) Syn: Guilielma speciosa Mart. Exotic.

Bactris major Jacq., Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 1: 280 (1763) Syn: Bactris albonotata L.H.Bailey ; Bactris beata L.H.Bailey ; Bactris broadwayi L.H.Bailey ; Bactris cateri L.H.Bailey ; Bactris cruegeriana Griseb. & H.Wendl. ; Bactris ellipsoidalis L.H.Bailey ; Bactris ovovoidea L.H.Bailey ; Bactris planifrons L.H.Bailey ; Bactris swabeyi L.H.Bailey Common name: Black Roseau, Pikmok, Roseau, Roseau Pic Moc, Trinidad Roseau. Habit: Palm. Habitat: In thickets and in forest; local in transition from evergreen seasonal forest to herbaceous swamp, swamp forest, palm swamp. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scobie's land, Broadway 4074 (K), Broadway 4075 (BM, K). TRINIDAD: Balandra Bay, Britton et al. 398 (K); McNair, Bailey 112 (BH); Mt. Tamana, Britton et al. 1936 (K); Guapo, Broadway s.n. (K); mouth of Godineau River, Britton 2914 (K); Penal Rock Road, Britton et al. 1082 (K). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.

Bactris setulosa H.Karst., Linnaea 28: 408 (1857) Syn: Bactris circularis L.H.Bailey ; Bactris cuesa Crueg. ex Griseb. ; Bactris sworderiana Becc. Common name: Cow Gru Gru, Gri-Gri, Mararave, Sampson Palm, Samson Wood, Wild Gri-Gri. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Forest in valleys and near streams, occasional in seasonal montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 63% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 12% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Caledonia, Broadway 4014 (BM, K), Bailey 146 (BH); Roxborough, Bailey 130 (BH). TRINIDAD: Maraval, Crueger 78 (K); Tucuche, Britton et al. 1318 (K); L’Orange Road, Broadway 5862 (BM, K); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9854); Caura Valley, Britton & Hazen 1186 (K); Toco Road, Britton et al. 1808 (K); Balandra Bay, Britton et al. 413 (K); Melajo, Bailey 158 (BH). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru.

Bactris simplicifrons Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 103 (1826) Syn: Yuyuba trinitensis L.H.Bailey Common Name : Yuyu. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Lowland forest on non-inundated soils, in semi-open, sandy areas. IUCN: LC. Star:

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 101 GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Nariva; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 12% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Henderson & Coelho 1620 (K); Sangre Grande , Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 11864); Mora Forest, Broadway 6696 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Borassus aethiopum Mart., Nat. Hist. Palm. ed. 3, 1: 221 (1838) Exotic.

Calamus rotang L., Sp. Pl. 325 (1753) Exotic.

Caryota mitis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 697 (1790) Exotic.

Caryota sobolifera Wall. , in Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 194 (1838) Exotic.

Caryota urens L., Sp. Pl. 1189 (1753) Exotic.

Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc., Webbia 2: 328 (1907) Syn: Coccothrinax australis L.H.Bailey Common name: Big Thatch, Broom Palm, Fan Palm, Latanie Palm, Latanier, Silver Thatch Palm, Tobago Fan Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Coastal hills and rocky coastal bluffs, very abundant in deciduous seasonal forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago-St.Giles; SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: Monos; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Highmoor, Broadway 3067 (BM, K); Little Tobago, Swabey s.n. (K, TRIN 12951). TRINIDAD: Monos Island, Britton & Hazen 1739 (K), Britton & Mendelson 685 (K); Manzanilla, Britton & Britton 2193 (K); Palo Seco, Britton et al. 1166 (K); Quinam Bay, Wessels Boer 1659 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Venezuela.

Cocos nucifera L., Sp. Pl. 1188 (1753) Common Name: Coco, Nariyar. Exotic.

Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E.Moore, Gentes Herb. 9: 242 (1963) Syn: Copernicia cerifera (Arruda) Mart. Exotic.

Corypha elata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2: 176 (1832) Exotic.

Corypha umbraculifera L., Sp. Pl. 1187 (1753) Exotic.

Corypha utan Lam., Encycl. 2: 131 (1786) Exotic.

Cryosophila nana (Kunth) Blume ex Salomon, Die Palmen 158 (1887) Exotic.

Cyrtostachys lakka Becc., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 2: 141 (1885) Exotic.

Cyrtostachys renda Blume, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 66 (1838) Exotic.

Deckenia nobilis H.Wendl. & Seem., Gard. Chron., 1870: 561 (1870) Exotic.

Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 87 (1824) Syn: Desmoncus brittonii L.H.Bailey ; Desmoncus hartii L.H.Bailey ; Desmoncus majo r Crueg. ex Griseb.; Desmoncus tobagonis L.H.Bailey Common name: Camwell, Climbing Palm, Croc-Chien, Gri-Gri Vine, Lattan, Pessy, Picmoc, Policeman, Wait-a-Bit, Wait a Minute. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Disturbed areas, secondary forest, river margins, and in coastal areas, palm swamp. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Cumaca; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed;

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Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 51% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 58% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Rockley Vale, Broadway 3498 (BM); Mile End, Broadway 4077 (K, NY); Sandy River Valley, Sandwith 1676 (K); Scobie’s land, Broadway 4075 (BM). TRINIDAD: Churchill-Roosevelt Highway, Wessels Boer 1632 (K); Princess Margaret Highway, Wessels Boer 1639 (K); Balandra Bay, Britton et al. 397 (K); Aripo Road, Broadway s.n. (K); Caroni, Bailey 311 (BH); Arena Road, Bailey 305 (BH), Wessels Boer 1647 (K); Point-a-Pierre, Britton 1035 (K); Claxton Bay, Broadway 9289 pp. (BM). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 85 (1824) Syn: Desmoncus peraltus L.H.Bailey ; Desmoncus prestoei L.H.Bailey Common name: Camwell, Climbing Palm, Croc-Chien, Gri-Gri Vine, Lattan, Pessy, Policeman, Wait-a-Minute. Habit: Palm. Habitat: River banks, open areas, forest margins, understory of lowland forest, coastal areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 56% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 59% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 71% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Hart s.n. (K); O’Meara Savanna, Britton & Hazen 1559 (K); Cumuto, Bailey 306 (BH); Arena forests, Broadway 6503 (BM), Wessels Boer 1649 (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Dictyosperma rubrum H.Wendl. & Drude, Les Palmiers 243 (1878) Exotic.

Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf., Palms of Madagascar 221(1995) Common Name: Goo-goo-loo. Exotic.

Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 1: 280 (1763) Exotic.

Euterpe broadwayi Becc. ex Broadway, Bull. Dept. Agric. Trinidad & Tobago 15: 174 (1916) Common name: Manac, Mountain Cabbage. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Lower montane and understorey of montane forest, xerophytic forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 75% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Forest Reserve, Broadway 4145 (BM, K, NY); Menna, Broadway 4745 (BM, GH, K, NY), Broadway 7087 (TRIN); Pigeon Peak, Bailey 134 (BH), Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 11380a). TRINIDAD: Mt. Tucuche, Britton et al. 1248, (GH, K, NY, US), Seifriz s.n. (BH); Morne Bleu, Wessels Boer 1642 (COL, K, NY, U); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5695 (BM, K, MO), Henderson & Coelho 1624 (K, NY, TRIN, US). Global range: Lesser Antilles.

Euterpe oleracea Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 29 (1824) Syn: Euterpe beardi L.H.Bailey ; Euterpe confertiflora L.H.Bailey Common name: Formaly, Manac, Mountain Cabbage. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Low-lying, wet areas, often near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Matura-Salybia; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cumuto, Wessels Boer 1643 (K, NY); Cumuto Road, Wessels Boer 1650 (K, NY); Aripo Savanna, Britton et al 278 (GH, NY, TRIN), Henderson & Coelho 1622 (K, NY, US); St. Patrick, Bailey 185 (BH); St. Patrick, Wessels Boer 1653 (NY). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Euterpe precatoria Mart. var. precatoria, Voy. Amer. Mer. 7 (Palmiers): 10 (1842) Common Name: Manac,

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 103 Mountain Cabbage. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Margins of marsh forest, inundated secondary forest and evergreen seasonal forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Henderson & Coelho 1621 (K, NY, US); Aripo Mt., Wessels Boer 1638 (K, NY); Valencia, Wessels Boer 1622 (K); Aripo Savanna, Britton et al. 278 (K), Broadway s.n. (TRIN 8958); Eastern Main Road, Sanders & Budhoo 1751 (TRIN); Tamana Forest, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9750); St. Patrick, Sanders & Budhoo 1758 (TRIN). Global range: Central America Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Geonoma interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 8 (1823) Syn: Geonoma martinicensis Mart. ; Geonoma pinnatifrons Willd. var. vaga Burret ; Geonoma vaga Griseb. & H.Wendl. Common name: Anare, Anari, Gully Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Seasonal montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 88% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Caledonia, Broadway 4073 (BM, K); Pigeon Hill, Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 11374). TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway s.n. (FHO); Las Lapas Road, Broadway 5928 (BM, K); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Morne Bleu, Britton et al. 2278 (K); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9851), Wessels Boer 1635 (K); Valencia, Bhorai s.n. (K); Toco Road, Britton et al. 1805 (K); Southern Guanapo Road, Broadway 5676 (BM, K); Mt. Tamana, Purdie 23 (K), Britton et al. 1933 (K); Irois, Crueger s.n. (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Hyophorbe verschaffeltii H.Wendl., Illustr. Hortic. 13: t. 462 (1866) Exotic.

Latania loddigesii Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 224 (1838) Exotic.

Latania lontaroides (Gaertn.) H.E.Moore, Principes 7: 85 (1963) Exotic.

Licuala grandis (T.Moore) H.Wendl., Ill. Hort. 27: t. 412 (1880) Exotic

Licuala peltata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed.2 2: 179 (1832) Exotic

Licuala spinosa Thunb., Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 287 (1782) Exotic.

Livistona altissima Zoll., Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 14: 150 (1857) Exotic.

Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 240 (1839) Exotic.

Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 241 (1839). Exotic.

Manicaria saccifera Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 468 (1791) Syn: Manicaria plukenetii Griseb. & H.Wendl. Common name: Sea Coconut, Timit, Timite. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Swampy low-lying evergreen seasonal and marsh forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Nariva; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 32% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Britton et al. 620 (K); Valencia, Britton et al. 1008 (K); Long Stretch, Broadway 6766 (BM, K). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Mauritia flexuosa L.f., Suppl. 454 (1782) Syn: Mauritia setigera Griseb. & H.Wendl. Common name: Moriche Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Evergreen seasonal forest, palm swamp, palm islands in savannna, and marsh forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Nariva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Britton et al. 270 (K), Richardson 557 (K). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

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Oenocarpus bataua Mart. var. oligocarpa (Griseb. & H.Wendl.) Henderson, Palms of the Amazon 120 (1995) Syn: Jessenia oligocarpa Griseb. & H.Wendl. ; Oenocarpus bataua Mart. Common name: Palma de Jagua, Palma Real, Palmiste Real, Yagua. Habit : Palm. Habitat: Low-lying evergreen seasonal, marsh and lower montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Longdenville-Talparo; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 24% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Valencia, Britton et al. 1006 (K, NY, US); Valencia Road, Wessels Boer 1623 (U); Long Stretch, Balick et al 1231 (BH); Aripo Valley, Loomis 49 ( US); Arena, Bailey 105 (BH). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador.

Orbignya cohune (Mart.) Dahlgren ex Standl. , Tropical Woods 30: 3 (1932) Exotic.

Phoenix acaulis Buch. -Ham. ex Roxb., Pl. Coromand. 1: 69, t. 273 (1819) Exotic.

Phoenix dactylifera L., Sp. Pl. 1188 (1753) Exotic.

Phoenix reclinata Jacq., Fragm. 1: 27, t. 24 (1801) Exotic.

Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien, Gard. Chron , ser. 3, 6: 475 (1889) Exotic.

Phoenix rupicola T.Anderson, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 13 (1871) Exotic.

Phytelephas macrocarpus Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 301 (1798) Exotic.

Pinanga kuhlii (Mart.) Barb.Rodr., Contr. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 8 (1901) Exotic.

Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E.Moore var. acuminata, Gentes Herb. 9: 286 (1963) Syn: Euterpe pretenuis L.H.Bailey ; Euterpe tobagonis L.H.Bailey ; Prestoea montana (Graham) G.Nicholson Common name: Mountain Cabbage. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E.Moore var. montana (Graham) Henderson & Galeano., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 72: 53 (1996) Common name: One Man. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Woods. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Putney Hill, Eggers 5872a (K); Caledonia, Broadway 4004 (BM, K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles.

Prestoea pubigera (Griseb. & H.Wendl.) Hook. f ex Benth. & Hook.f, Gen. Pl. 3: 899 (1883) Common name: Anare, Anari. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Ridges in montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 50% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Crueger 71 (K), Britton et al. 1234 (K, NY); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Broadway 5964 (BM, FHO, K, MO), Broadway 6190 (K), Broadway 6854 (BM, MO); Aripo Heights, Millar 3 (BH). Global range: Venezuela (Paria Peninsula).

Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl. , Bonplandia (Hanover) 9: 260 (1861) Exotic.

Pritchardia thurstonii F.Muell. & Drude, Gartenfl. 36: 486 (1887) Exotic.

Ptychosperma macarthurii (H.L.Wendl.) G.Nicholson, Kew Gard. Rep. 1882: 55 (1884) Exotic.

Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl., Lustgarden 31: 91 (1952) Exotic.

Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A.Henry ex Rehder, J. Arnold Arb. 11(3): 153 (1930) Exotic.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

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Rhopaloblaste augusta (Kurz) H.E.Moore, Principes 14: 79 (1970) Exotic.

Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook var. oleracea, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 554 (1901) Common Name: Cabbage Palm, Palmiste, Royal Palm. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Evergreen seasonal forest, often forming pure stands in littoral woodland and in palm swamp, lowland forest and montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing pond; Nariva; North central coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 43% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 44% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Manzanilla, Britton & Britton 2195 (GH, K, NY, P); San Fernando, Broadway s.n. (MO); St. Patrick, Wessels Boer 1652 (NY). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas.

Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook , Science, ser. 2, 12: 479 (1900) Common Name: Palmiste Maho, Royal Palm. Exotic.

Sabal mauritiiformis (H.Karst.) Griseb. & H.Wendl., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 514 (1864) Syn: Sabal glaucescens Lodd. ex H.E.Moore Common name: Carat, Carat Palm, Royal Palmetto. Habit: Palm. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen seasonal forests, mud volcanoes. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 55% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 50% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando Hill, Britton & Hazen 1052 (K). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 399. 1805. Exotic.

Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg. 7: 1487 (1830) Exotic.

Sabal umbraculifera Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 245)1839) Exotic.

Syagrus amara (Jacq.) Mart., Voy. Amer. Mer. 7: 132 (1844) Syn: Cocos amara Jacq. ; Rhyticocos amara (Jacq.) Becc. Exotic.

Syagrus sancona H.Karst., Linnaea 28: 247 (1856) Exotic.

Thrinax morrisii H.Wendl., Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 11: 104 (1892) Exotic.

Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 7: 1301 (1830) Exotic.

Verschaffeltia splendida H.Wendl., Illustr. Hortic. 12: Misc. 6 (1865) Exotic.