VERBENACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.250.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D13D2946-2EA9-B4D4-FF52-FCD9F77BFE23
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	VERBENACEAE
status

Treatment

VERBENACEAE View in CoL View at ENA

Citharexylum spinosum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 625 (1753) Syn: Citharexylum broadwayi E.O.Schultz ; Citharexylum fruticosum L.; Citharexylum fruticosum L. var. brittonii Moldenke ; Citharexylum fruticosum L. var. subvillosum Moldenke ; Citharexylum x hybridum Moldenke Common name: Bois Cotelette, Cutlet, Fiddle Tree, Fiddlewood, Hairy Cutlet, White Fiddlewood. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, littoral deciduous seasonal forests, littoral hedge and thickets and occasional in seasonal montane forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Little Tobago —St.Giles; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; SW Coastal; TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Gasparee; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing pond; Matura-Salybia; Monos; Nariva; North Central Coast; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker -Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 64% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 60% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 100% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, roadside, sine coll. (TRIN 11155); Rockley Vale, Broadway 3821 (BM); Little Tobago, sine coll. (TRIN 12958). TRINIDAD: Gasparee, sine coll. (TRIN 430); Madamas Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 12905); Woodbrook, Broadway 6658 (BM); San Fernando, sine coll. (TRIN 8363); Godineau River, Britton 2921 (GH, TRIN 10031); Erin, sine coll. (TRIN 7344); Quinam, sine coll. (TRIN 12192); Morne Diablo, sine coll. (TRIN 12035); South Watershed Reserve, sine coll. (TRIN 12238, TRIN 12239); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 7203). Global range: Bermuda, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Central America, Venezuela, Guianas.

Duranta erecta L., Sp. Pl. 637 (1753) Syn: Duranta plumieri Jacq. Exotic.

Glandularia hybrida (Grönl. & Rümpler) G.L.Nesom & Pruski, Brittonia View in CoL 44: 495 (1992) Exotic.

Glandularia tenera (Spreng.) Cabrera, Man. Fl. Alred. View in CoL Buenos Aires 398 (1953) Exotic.

Lantana camara L., Sp. Pl. 2: 627 (1753) Common name: Black Sage, Graterwood, Kayakeet, Ramongsi, Redflowered Sage, Rock Sage, Sweet Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage, Zeb Kaiakeet. Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Roadside thickets; waste ground and second growth, an abundant and troublesome weed. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Chacachacare; Chaguanas-Couva; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.- Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 25% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 40% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 50% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 60% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples; Vegnum 11 31% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Highmoor, Broadway 3085 (BM); Easterfield, Clement & Ryves 690

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

(BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Johnson 925 (TRIN 32890); Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 2409); Gasparillo, sine coll. (TRIN 8379);? Woodbrook, Broadway 6235 (BM); St. Clair, sine coll. (TRIN 3586), Toco Road, Britton et al. 1773 (NY); Valencia to Toco Road, Philcox & Gillies 8272 (K); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10328 (BM),, Howard 10335 (BM); Tamana Road, sine coll. (TRIN 13278); Pointe a Pierre, sine coll. (TRIN 7835); Guayaguayare, Adams 13637 (TRIN); Erin, sine coll. (TRIN 7364); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 7285). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Lantana canescens Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 259 (1818) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: On rocks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tetron Bay, Broadway 7816 (BM). Global range: United States (Florida), Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, var., Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Lantana involucrata L., Cent. II. Pl. 22 (1756) Common Name: Santa Maria. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Auchenskeoch, Broadway 4260 (BM, TRIN 9689), Broadway 8936 (BM); Sandy Point, sine coll. (TRIN 11818); Buccoo Point, sine coll. (TRIN 13495). Global range: Bermuda, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru.

Lantana lockhardtii D.Don ex Schauer, Fl. Bras. View in CoL 9: 232 (1851) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry hillsides. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Chacachacare; Chaguanas-Couva; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; SW Erin-Guapo; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, sine coll. (TRIN 431), Williams & Cheesman s.n. (TRIN 11066), Baker s.n. (TRIN 14693), Kalloo B589 (TRIN 22003), Philcox & Olivier 7976 (TRIN 22832), Baksh 1066 (TRIN 29780); Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 7441), sine coll. (TRIN 9187); Gasparillo, sine coll. (TRIN 8381); Gasparee, sine coll. (TRIN 11195); Staubles Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 13350); Pointe Gourde, sine coll. (TRIN 9191), Britton & Broadway 2637 (TRIN 10460). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq., Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. View in CoL Genève 7–8: 301 (1899) Exotic.

Lantana trifolia L., Sp. Pl. 626 (1753) Syn.: Lantana maxima Habit : Shrub. Habitat: Roadside thickets and open waste places, disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; TRINIDAD: Chaguanas-Couva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; San Fernando; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 31% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Montpelier, Broadway 3540 (BM); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Road, sine coll. (TRIN 11104); Providence Main Road, sine coll. (TRIN 11799); near Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 373 (BM). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 553 (BM); Maraval, sine coll. (TRIN 5937); St. Clair, sine coll. (TRIN 3590); St. Anns, sine coll. (TRIN 3837); St. Augustine, Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9006); Piarco Savanna, [Lunt s.n.] (TRIN 6035), Britton & Hazen 711 (NY); Waller Field, Adams 13626 (TRIN); Long Stretch Philcox & Stoelzel 8364 (K); Erin, sine coll. (TRIN 7329). Global range: Throughout tropical America.

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br., Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 141 (1925) Common name: Sage, Santa Maria. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Savanna and disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples.); Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Manzanilla, Britton & Britton 2197 (NY); La Brea, Broadway s.n. (BM); Moruga, sine coll. (TRIN 8199); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 8533; Icacos Savanna, sine coll. (TRIN 2413). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Lippia micromera Schauer, Prodr. 11: 587 (1847) Common Name: Fine-Leaf Thyme, Piti Deten, Spanish Thyme. Exotic.

Petrea volubilis View in CoL L., Sp. Pl. 2: 626 (1753) Syn: Petrea arborea Kunth View in CoL ; Petrea kohautiana C.Presl Common Name View in CoL : Blue Petrea View in CoL , Petrea View in CoL . Exotic.

Phyla betulifolia (Kunth) Greene, Pittonia View in CoL 4: 48 (1899) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of dried up rice fields,

BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

marshes and swampy grassland; waste and cultivated ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots : TRINIDAD : Caroni; Chaguanas-Couva. RBS Vegetation Classes: Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Carenage, sine coll. ( TRIN 5593 About TRIN ); St. Augustine , Broadway s.n. ( K); sine coll. ( TRIN 14600 About TRIN ); Caroni, Crueger s.n. ( K) ; Chaguanas, sine coll. ( TRIN 424 About TRIN ); Plum-Mitan Road, Adams 14234 ( TRIN); Pitch Lake , Britton & Freeman 1055 ( K); Erin, Broadway 8954 ( BM, TRIN 9125 About TRIN ); San Francique Road, Philcox et al. 8381 ( K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico , Central America , Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina .

Phyla nodiflora View in CoL (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 46 (1899) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Scotland Bay, Philcox & Olivier 8193 (K), Adams 14657 (TRIN); Icacos Point, St. O’mer s.n. (BM, TRIN). Global range: Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Phyla stigulosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 233 (1947) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 5080 (BM), Broadway 5578 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Priva lappulacea View in CoL (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 139 (1806) Common name: Clammy Bur, Fasten-Pon-Coat, Styptic Bur, Velvet Bur. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of shady places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 60% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 716 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Lunt s.n. (TRIN 34663), Johnson 1024 (TRIN 32989); Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 7450); Gasparillo, sine coll. (TRIN 8386); Saddle Road, Britton & Hazen 162 (NY); St. Augustine, sine coll. (TRIN 13980); Tunapuna, sine coll. (TRIN 4524). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. View in CoL 1: 208 (1804) Common name: Rat Tail Vervain, Sweet Broom, Vervain, Veven, Veven Lache Wat, Wild Broom. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of waste ground and roadsides; marsh forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Chaguanas-Couva; Cumaca; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 22% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Charlotteville, sine coll. (TRIN 11090). TRINIDAD: Cocorite, Britton & Hazen 29 (NY); Woodbrook, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Clair, sine coll. (TRIN 3591); St. Anns, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Lopinot Road, Adams 13774 (TRIN); Aripo, sine coll. (TRIN 6746); Piarco Savanna, Britton et al. 93 (NY); Waller Field, Howard 10491 (BM); Princes Town, sine coll. (TRIN 4448); Cedros. sine coll. (TRIN 7161b). Global range: Widespread through Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Stachytarpheta coccinea Schauer, Prodr. View in CoL 11: 567 (1847) Exotic.

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 206 (1804) Common name: Blue Top, Blue Vevein, Blue Veven, Grande Verveine, Gwan Veven, Gwo Veven, Vervain, Vervine, Veven, Veven Blan, Vorivine, Wild Broom. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Weed of waste ground and roadsides; disturbed areas and marsh forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Caroni; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 80% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 10: 33% RBS samples; Vegnum 11 23% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Friendship Road, Bennett s.n. (BM, TRIN 14760); Scarborough, Shepherd & Holliday s.n. (BM, TRIN 15144); Bacolet Estate, Purseglove P6233 (BM, TRIN 17297); Moriah, Baksh 264 (TRIN); Hillsborough West River, Baksh 436 (BM); Hope Estate, Baksh 462 (TRIN); Mt. St. George, Seaforth & Sylvester s.n. (TRIN). TRINIDAD:Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2775 (NY); Woodbrook, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Clair, sine coll. (TRIN 3579); Lopinot Road, Adams 13772 (TRIN); Balandra Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 8084); Cedros, King s.n. (BM, TRIN 7182). Global range:

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Widespread in the subtropics and tropics.

Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. View in CoL 1: 208 (1804) Common Name: Queen Victoria View in CoL Dressing-gown Bush. Exotic.

Stachytarpheta trinitensis Moldenke, Phytologia View in CoL 1: 476 (1940) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tabaquite, Broadway s.n. (NY). Global range: Colombia to Trinidad.

Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims, Bot. Mag. View in CoL 43: t. 1848. 1816) Exotic.

Verbena rigida Spreng., Syst. Veg. View in CoL 4: 230 (1827) Exotic.