Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr.

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

30. Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr. Fig. 40 , Map 7

Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 204. 1934.

Type.

PERU, Loreto: upper Río Marañon, Pongo de Manseriche, 160 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1924, Tessmann. G. 4176 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242364]; isotype: S! [S-R-6968]).

Description.

Tree 2-7 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 3-15 by 4-8 mm, verrucose or transversally furrowed; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 38-64 by 11 –17(– 24) cm (index 2.7-4.4), chartaceous or coriaceous, pale olive or brownish-green on both sides, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded or cordate, often asymmetrical, apex acuminate (acumen 15-35 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 3-5 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 20-26, intersecondary veins 1-2, distance between from 2-10 mm at the base, 20-40 mm in the centre, 10-20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 55-65° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; short axillary shoot, 1-1.5 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), ca. 3 by ca. 2.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 18-20 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 20-25 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), red in vivo, glabrous; 2 lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1 by 0.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached near the base of the pedicel, (broadly) ovate, 1.5-3 by ca. 1.5 mm, rounded, glabrous; closed flower buds broadly ovoid-triangular, remaining loosely closed in development; flowers green, maturing to bright yellow (green at the base) outside, brown inside in vivo, orange or yellowish-brown (sepals and bracts lighter) in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly ovate, appressed, ca. 4 by 3.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to narrowly obovate, 15-29 by 8-13 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, (13-)21-25 by 4-8 mm; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.5-2 mm long, connective appendage 0.6-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels ca. 2 mm long. Monocarps 3-20, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16-19 by 12-13 mm, green maturing to yellow, purple or black in vivo, reddish-brown, dark brown or black in sicco, without apparent apicule; stipes 20-40 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 11 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, regular.

Distribution.

Peru (Amazonas, Loreto).

Habitat and ecology.

Primary, non-inundated forest, on white sand or red clay. At elevations of 170-400 m. Flowering: September and October; fruiting: April, June - August and October.

Vernacular names.

Peru: Achuana (Kayap 631), Chiwanim (Ancuash 262, 1517, Berlin 2079, Knapp et al. 7645), Yáis (Huashikat, V 577).

Notes.

Cremastosperma peruvianum can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its long, relatively narrow leaves (often with cordate base) and long stipes. The flower resembles that of C. monospermum in shape, but is larger, with relatively larger sepals and borne on a shorter, thicker pedicel.

Preliminary conservation status.

Cremastosperma peruvianum is uncommon within a relatively small range, not within protected areas. Vulnerable [VU] (Table 1 ).

Selected specimens examined.

PERU. Amazonas: Río Cenepa, Huampami, 4°30'S, 78°30'W, 200-250 m a.s.l., 15 Aug 1978, Ancuash 1517 (U); Distr. Santiago, 4°00'56"S, 77°35'19"W, 275 m a.s.l., 10 Aug 2011, Huamantupa et al. 15601 (L, MO); Río Santiago valley, Quebrada Caterpiza, 200 m a.s.l., 4 Sep 1979, Huashikat 357 (MO); Bagua, Putuim, 4°55'S, 78°19'W, 480 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 1996, E. Rodríguez et al. 1112 (HUT, U, USM); Río Cenepa region, community Aguaruna Pagki-Suwa, 4°31'35"S, 78°10'34"W, 289 m a.s.l., 24 Jan 1997, E. Rodríguez et al. 22253 (HUT); Río Comaina, 4°23'S, 78°21'W, 800 m a.s.l., 21 Aug 1994, Vásquez et al. 18990 (U). Loreto: Yanayacu, 6 km W of Sarameriza, Río Marañón, 4°45'S, 77°20'W, 170 m a.s.l., 8 Jun 1986, Knapp et al. 7645 (U).

Figures

Map 7. Distribution of Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr.; C. microcarpum R. E. Fr.; C. pedunculatum (Diels) R. E. Fr.; and C. peruvianum R. E. Fr.

Figure 40. Cremastosperma peruvianum R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower bud (a Knapp et al. 7645 b Diaz et al. 8225).