Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882)

Wu, Min, Shen, Wang & Chen, Zhong-Guang, 2023, Land snail diversity in central China: revision of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae), with descriptions of seven new species, ZooKeys 1154, pp. 49-147 : 49

Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882)

Figs 2A , 17 , 18 , 41C , 48G , 48H , 51

Helix filippina Heude, 1882: 23, pl. 20, fig. 19; - Möllendorff 1884: 340, 352; - Ancey 1885: 114; - Standen: 231.

Helix (Plectopylis) subchristinae Ancey, 1882: 44.

Helix (Plectotropis) subchristinae - Ancey 1883: 8.

Helix subchristinae - Möllendorff 1884: 340, 352; - Ancey 1885: 114.

Helix subsimilis var. filippina - Gredler 1884: 264.

Helix (Cathaica) filippina - Pilsbry 1892: 214, pl. 49, figs 34, 35.

Laeocathaica subchristinae - Gude 1902: 6.

Laeocathaica filippina - Möllendorff 1899: 88; - Gude 1902: 6; - Yen 1935: 44; - Páll-Gergely et al. 2022: 59, fig. 19.

Laeocathaica subsimilis filippina - Yen 1939: 148, pl. 15, fig. 29.

Laeocathaica (Laeocathaica) christinae filippina - Zilch 1968: 173; - Richardson 1983: 79.

Museum material.

SMF 24266 b, four fms; Badung, Hubei, China. SMF 24226 , three fms; W-Hupei, China; Slg. K. Hashagen. SMF 24257 , two fms; Changyang [长阳], Sytchuan, China; ex B. Schmacker, 1893, Slg. O. Böttger. SMF 95118 , five fms; Badung, Hubei, China; Slg. C. R. Böttger, 1904. SMF 24266 a, three fms; Badung, Hubei, China; ex Möllendorff, Slg. W. Kobelt. SMF 294296, three fms; Changyang, China; Slg. C. Bosch, ex Sowerby+Fulton. SMF 294295, one fms; Changyang, China; Slg. Ehrmann, ex Sowerby+Fulton. SMF 24227 , one fms (labeled with L. subsimilis ); China; ex? SMF 294292, one fms ( L. filippina ) and two juvs ( L. carinifera ); Sytshuan, China; Slg. C. Bosch ex H. Rolle. NHMUK ex Salisburg Acc. No. 2044.

New material.

HBUMM01256b, Fuhusi , Emei [峨嵋], Sichuan ; sandstone, humid; 2003-VII-26, coll. Wu, M.; DNA voucher HBUMM01256b. HBUMM04166, numerous fma, 5 fma dissected; Baidicheng , Fengjie County, Chongqing, two kilometers away from the point (241 m a.s.l., 31.020194°N, 109.472833°E); mixed rocks of slate and sandy stones, woods with shrubs and trees, humid; 2004-VII-20, coll. Wu, M; DNA voucher HBUMM05097 .

Distribution.

Hubei: Badong (type locality), Yichang (Changyang); Sichuan (Emei); Chongqing: Fengjie.

Additional information of shell.

Sculpture on the protoconch was present but indistinct because of erosion or weathering. Spiral grooves are absent throughout the shell.

General anatomy.

Eversible head wart low. Jaw arcuate, with four or five projecting ribs.

Anatomy of genital organs.

Penial sheath moderately long, covering ~ 1/4-1/3 of penis. Penis slightly expanded distally. A pair of penial internal pilasters fusing into one Y-shaped fork at proximal 1/3; ~ 2 larger pilasters present nearby. Distally inside penis, numerous fine pilasters merging into 6 to 8 short but thick folds near opening of epiphallus. Vas deferens narrow throughout. Vagina between atrium and dart sac not elongated. Vagina between dart sac and insertion of bursa copulatrix duct approximately equal to or slightly shorter than 2/3 length of dart sac. Dart sac ~ 1/2 length of penis. Love dart ~ 2 mm long. Accessory sac spherical, internally almost solid, inserting into dart sac medially, opening to distal dart chamber. Mucous glands 5-7, each complicatedly branched. Proximal accessory sacs two, symmetrical, dorsally separated and ventrally touching, with a few internal pilasters, each with an opening leading to proximal dart chamber. Bursa copulatrix duct of even diameter. Bursa copulatrix ovate, small.

Remarks.

This species has a spire of variable height, from flatness to dome shape. The umbilicus of this species is obviously narrower than that of Laeocathaica christinae . Furthermore, this species has a pair of ventrally touching proximal accessory sacs instead of ventrally separated ones, which are observed in L. christinae .

Figures

Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).

Figure 17. Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882) A SMF 24266 b B, C NHMUK ex Salisburg Acc. No. 2044 D HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1.

Figure 18. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; DS - dart sac; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.

Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.

Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.

Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.