Pavonia salmonea Grings & Boldrini, 2012

Grings, Martin & Boldrini, Ilsi Iob, 2012, Two new species of Pavonia section Lebretonia subsection Hastifoliae (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) from southern Brazil, Phytotaxa 39, pp. 38-46 : 39-41

Pavonia salmonea Grings & Boldrini , sp. nov.

( Figure 1 and 3 A–D )

Affinis Pavoniae guerkeanae sed ab ea mericarpiis minoribus plerumque non apiculatis, plerumque sine tuberculiis lateralibus acutis, nervo medio lato, compresso, rugosis, foliis trichomatibus stellatis longioribus, epicalice bracteolis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, corolla salmonea, differt.

Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Bom Jardim da Serra , s.l., 28º23.488 S 49º33.772 W, 27 February 2009, 1333 m, M. Grings, R.B. Setubal & L.C.P. Lima 661 (holotype ICN!, isotypes CTES!, SP!, NY!). Subshrubs or shrubs up to 1.6 m tall; stems densely covered with long stellate trichomes. Leaf blades lanceolate, subtriangular to oval-lanceolate, seldom suborbicular, 0.5–6.0 × 0.4–2.5 cm, base sagittate to subcordate, apex acute to subobtuse, margin crenate, sometimes serrate, palmately 5-nerved, both surfaces covered with long stellate trichomes, abaxial surface with simple trichomes on the main nerves, seldom sparse simple trichomes in the adaxial surface; petioles 0.4–2.5 cm long, covered with short stellate trichomes and with sparse long simple trichomes; stipules subulate 3–4 mm long with short stellate trichomes and seldom with simple trichomes in the apex. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, peduncle 1.2–3.5 cm long, densely covered with stellate trichomes, longer in the apex, along with long simple trichomes; epicalyx bracts 5, oval-lanceolate to slightly ovate, 4–7 × 2–4 mm, covered with short stellate trichomes, with long stellate trichomes and with some simple and long trichomes in the base; calyx 6–9 mm long, covered with stellate and some simple trichomes, both long and on the nerves; corolla salmon-pink, petals 1.5–2.5 × 1.4–2.4 cm, veins vinaceous, with basally vinaceous center; staminal column 7–8 mm long; free parts of the stamens 2–3 mm long; styles 3–4 mm longer than the staminal column. Mericarps 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3.0 mm, muticous (seldom apiculate), sparsely pubescent, tuberculate, seldom with acute tubercles, median nerve wide, compressed and rugose. Seeds smooth and tufted at each end of the hilum.

Distribution: — Brazil, Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest biome ( IBGE 2004), in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states ( Figure 4 ).

Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting specimens have been collected from November to April.

Habitat: —In highland grasslands, scrub, rocky grasslands and in edges of Araucaria forest.

Etymology: —From the Latin “ salmoneus ”, referring to the salmon-pink color of the flowers.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, road Bom Jesus-São Joaquim, between Santo Inácio and Cerquinha river S 0580537 W 6843726 UTM, 24 January 2010, M. Grings & A. M. Z. Lunkes 969 ( ICN) ; Canela , s.l., February 1986, M. Sobral & R. Silva 4942 ( ICN, CTES) ; Jaquirana, Parque Estadual do Tainhas , S 29º04'47.5" W 050º21'57.3", 08 January 2010, M. Grings & G.B. Stahlberg 938 ( ICN) ; São Francisco de Paula, Josafá , April 1984, M. Sobral 2976 ( ICN) , Josafá , S 29º21'45.3" W 50º04'51.6", 09 January 2010, M. Grings, G.B. Stahlberg, I. Buffon, S. Kronbauer & R.C. Printes 934 ( ICN) , Taimbé , 23 February 1960, A. Sehnem 7649 ( PACA) , Taimbesinho , 14 February 1946, B. Rambo 32199 ( PACA) ; São José dos Ausentes, 4 Km from “Desnível dos rios”, S 28º35'08.6" W 49º57'31.5", 27 December 2009, M. Grings & N. J. Grings 894 ( ICN) ; Santa Catarina: Bom Retiro , Campos Novos do Sul, 09 March 2005, G. Hatschbach, A.C. Cervi & E. F. Costa 78960 ( MBM) , begin of road to Urubici , 15 February 1995, G. Hatschbach et al. 61625 ( MBM, HUCS) ; Lages, 14 Km E de Lages, road to São Joaquim , 24 November 1980, A. Krapovickas & R. Vanni 36886 ( MBM) ; São Joaquim , Passo das Contas, 29 January 1950, R. Reitz 4992 ( PACA) ; Urubici , 08 February 2007, G. Hatschbach & O. S. Ribas 79708 ( MBM) , 16 February 1995, G. Hatschbach & O.S. Ribas 61681 ( MBM) , Parque Nacional de São Joaquim , 10 February 2007, G. Hatschbach & O.S. Ribas 79882 ( MBM) , Morro da Igreja , 1820 m, 24 May. 1991, D. B. Falkenberg 5516 ( FLOR) .

Pavonia salmonea is similar to P. guerkeana R.E. Fries (1908: 57) and to P. dusenii Krapovickas (1977: 313) ; specimens from different herbaria were sometimes identified as the first and sometimes as the later. The mericarps of P. salmonea are usually muticous (apiculate in a few specimens), somewhat smaller than those of P. guerkeana , usually without acute tubercles on each side of the median nerve, which is wide, compressed and rugose. The mericarps of P. guerkeana are always apiculate, with lateral acute tubercles and a narrow and smooth median nerve. Conversely, the mericarps of P. dusenii are strongly tuberculate and the median nerve is little prominent. Concerning the indumentum of the leaf blades, the stellate trichomes of P. salmonea are larger and denser than those of P. guerkeana . On the other hand, in P. dusenii the trichomes of the leaf blades are shorter than those of P. salmonea and P. guerkeana , and the indumentum is tomentose. The color of the corolla also differs, all three species having petals with wine-colored veins and claw, but in P. salmonea the ground-color of the petals is salmon-pink, in P. guerkeana white to pale-pink, and in P. dusenii rose-pink.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pavonia salmonea. A. Habit (M. Grings 938, ICN). B. Leaf indumentum with large trichomes. C. Upper part of the peduncle, epicalyx and calyx. D. Mericarp.

FIGURE 3. A–D. Pavonia salmonea. A. Flower and flower buds. B. Branch with flower, flower buds and immature fruits, emphasizing the epicalyx bracts. C. Branch with leaves, flower and immature fruits. D. Habit and habitat in shrubland; mericarp bottom left. E–I. Pavonia exasperata. E. Branch with flower, immature fruit, and leaf. F. Abaxial face of the corolla, calyx and epicalyx with narrowly elliptic bracts. G–H. Branches with flower buds and fruits. I. Habit and mericarp bottom left.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Pavonia salmonea and P. exasperata in southern Brazil, in municipalities from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states.