Gryonoides

Miko, Istvan, Masner, Lubomir, Ulmer, Jonah M., Raymond, Monique, Hobbie, Julia, Tarasov, Sergei, Margaria, Cecilia Beatriz, Seltmann, Katja C. & Talamas, Elijah J., 2021, A semantically enriched taxonomic revision of Gryonoides Dodd, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), with a review of the hosts of Teleasinae, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87, pp. 523-573 : 523

Systematics of Gryonoides

Gryonoides Dodd, 1920

Gryonoides Dodd, 1920: 360 (original description. Type: Gryonoides pulchellus Dodd, by original designation), Dodd, 1930: 42 (keyed); Fouts, 1948: 92 (keyed); Muesebeck & Walkley, 1956: 356 (citation of type species); Masner, 1976: 70, 74 (description, keyed); Johnson, 1992: 513 (cataloged, catalog of world species); Austin & Field, 1997: 46, 68 (structure of ovipositor system, discussion of phylogenetic relationships); Talamas, Mikó and Copeland 2016: 7 (keyed).

Diagnosis.

Gryonoides was diagnosed from two other taxa with lateral mesoscutellar spines, Dvivarnus Rajmohana and Veenakumari and a species in the Trimorus carus group, by Talamas et al. (2016). The elongate clypeus and torular triangle of Gryonoides are shared with the undescribed species in the T. carus group, whereas the presence of the proximal projections of cercal plates (pac: Fig. 2A ) is shared with Dvivarnus (Fig. 3A ). Additional diagnostic characters can be found in the ovipositor assembly: Gryonoides differs from Dvivarnus and the T. carus species group in the presence of a resilin rich sclerotized bridge (based on its blue autofluorescence in response to 405 nm excitation wavelength and strong red fluorescence in response to 488 nm laser) connecting the lateral arms of T7+8 (brg, la: Figs 2A , 2B ). Gryonoides males and females exhibit a unique sexual dimorphism in the ratio of the length of the radicle and the scape. Whereas in other scelionid species, the ratio is the same in males and females, in Gryonoides , the female radicle is longer than that of the male relative to the length of the scape (Figs 1A, B ). It should also be noted that Gryonoides has a strictly Neotropical distribution whereas other teleasines with lateral mesoscutellar spines are not known from this region.

Description.

Shape of male flagellomeres 3-11: cylindrical. Visibility of frontal patch: obscured by facial striae. Erect whorl of setae on male flagellomeres: absent. Male antenna length: more than 4 times as long as the body length. Number of papillary sensilla on female A12: 1. Number of papillary sensilla on female A7: 0. Female radicle length: elongate (4-5.7 times as long as wide). Mandibular teeth: 3. Mandibular teeth length: dorsal tooth> ventral tooth> medial tooth. Genal patch: absent. Facial striae: present. Clypeus length versus mandible width: clypeus at least 3 times as long as the width of the mandible. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Vertex patch: absent. Anterior process of pronotum structure: reduced. Epomial carina: present. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Pronotal cervical sulcus sculpture: smooth. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: foveolate. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus versus pronotal cervical sulcus: Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus ends medially before reaching pronotal cervical sulcus. Netrion sulcus versus pronotal: netrion sulcus does not reach pronotal rim. Netrion sulcus: present. Netrion sculpture: foveolate. Netrion length: netrion exceeding 2/3rd of pronoto-mesopectal “suture”. Posterior pronotal sulcus: present. Ventral propleural area: smooth. Propleural epicoxal sulcus sculpture: crenulate (scalloped). Subalar pit: present. Epicoxal sulcus sculpture: crenulate (scalloped). Fovea of the foveolate scutoscutellar sulcus diameter: diameter of fovea decreasing towards midline. Medial area of the anteromesoscutum sculpture: areolate. Notaulus anterior end: anterior to the transscutal line. Mesonotal humeral sulcus sculpture: crenulate. Mesonotal suprahumeral sulcus anteromedial end: extending to anterior ends of notauli. Mesonotal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: crenulate (scalloped). Scutoscutellar sulcus sculpture: smooth medially, foveolate laterally. Scutoscutellar sulcus lateral end: reaching the axillula laterally. Mesoscutellum posterior margin in dorsal view: concave. Mesoscutellum medial spine: absent. Transaxillar carina: present. Posterior scutellar sulcus lateral end: reaching the axillula laterally. Posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Posterior scutellar sulcus sculpture: foveolate. Mesepisternum (area anteroventral to mesopleural depression) sculpture: areolate (irregular foveae around setal bases present). Mesopleural pit: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Postacetabular patch: absent. Acropleural sulcus length: elongate. Acropleural sulcus: present. Apical semi transparent lamella on the metanotal spine: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: striated proximally. Metanotal spine length: longer than proximal striated region of metascutellum. Metanotal trough sculpture: foveolate. Metanotal spine: present. Metanotal spine shape dorsal view: pointed. Metapleural pit: present. Metapleural sulcus sculpture: smooth. Metapleural sulcus: present. Ventral metapleural area sculpture: transverse carinae present. Central propodeal area pilosity: absent. Lateral propodeal carina: present. Lateral propodeal carina versus posterior propodeal projection: adjacent. Lateral propodeal carinae shape: inverted Y-shaped. Posterior propodeal projection: present. Hind wing largest width versus marginal ciliae length: hind wing is more than two times as wide as marginal cilia length. Dorsal margin of female T1 in lateral view shape: convex. Lateral setae on T1: 5 or more. Basal depressions of T1: present. Felt field: present. Lateral patch on T2: present. Basal depressions on T2: present. Basal depressions on T3: present. Apical setae on T3 length: apical setae on T3 are not longer than non apical setae on T3. Posterodorsal patch on T3: present. Basal depression on S1: present. Posterior felt field in female: absent. Basal depression on S2: present. Basal grooves on S3: present. Acrosternal calyx: present. Acrosternal calyx shape: circular. Acrosternal calyces medially: separated. Medial extension of lateral apodemes (female): separated. Medial apodeme on S6 (female): present.

Figures

Figure 1. Gryonoides Dodd 1920, habitus A Gryonoides pulchellus var. pulchellus Dodd, 1920, female, lateral view (CNCHymen _ 132834) B Gryonoides glabriceps Dodd, 1920, male, dorsal view (CNCHymen _ 132133).

Figure 2. Ovipositor assembly of Gryonoides Dodd, 1920 A Gryonoides glabriceps, T 7 + 8, (CNCHymen _ 132935) B Gryonoides pulchellus var. doddi Dodd, 1920, ovipositor assembly, (CNCHymen _ 132961). Sclerotised and resilin rich bridge is present in the ovipositor assembly of Gryonoides (crc = cercus, pac = proximal projections on cercal plate, la = lateral apodemes).

Figure 3. T 7 + 8 of Teleasinae with lateral mesoscutellar spines A, E, C, F brightfield B and D CLSM images using 488 and 405 lasers with red, green and blue filters A, B, F Dvivarnus agamades (USNM _ 96246). C, D, F Trimorus carus - group (CNCHymen _ 133695). Proximal projections of cercal plates (pac) are present in Dvivarnus and Gryonoides and absent from Trimorus sp. Sclerotised and resilin rich bridges are absent from both taxa illustrated on this figure (la = lateral apodemes, crc = sercus).