Presbytis mitrata, Eschscholtz, 1821

Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Cercopithecidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 550-755 : 719

115.

Mitered Langur

Presbytis mitrata

French: Langur mitré / German: Sudlicher Kammlangur / Spanish: Langur mitrado

Other common names: Depigmented/Southern Mitered Langur, Mitred Leaf Monkey

Taxonomy. Presbytis mitrata Eschscholtz, 1821 ,

Indonesia, Sumatra, mainland opposite Zutphen Islands.

P. mitrata was formerly included in P. melalophos as subspecies. There are widespread geographic gradients in color and individual variation. Monotypic.

Distribution. SE Sumatra E of the Barisan Range, from the Batang Hari River, SW to the upper Musi River drainage, and S to Lampung Province.

Descriptive notes. eniionds 42-57 cm (males) and 42-56 cm (females), tail 64— 82 cm (males) and 62-82 cm (females); weight ¢.5-9 kg (males) and c.5-8 kg (females). Upper body of the Mitered Langur (including forehead and crown) ranges from dark mouse-brown through ashy-gray to pale red-yellow or yellow-gray, with a blackish overlay. Underside is creamy-yellow or white (extending well up onto flanks), limbs are mixed whitish and gray or red-brown, hands and feet are gray, and tail is redder than body above and pale buffy below, with a white tip. There are generally no whorls, but a black D-pattern on crest encloses white hairs of fore-crown, and thereis a white cheek ruff. Face is gray, and muzzle is often pink, with a white or pink crescent present around outer corners of eyes. There is a mostly white morph that has been ascribed to this species.

Habitat. Primary and secondary lowland rainforest, rubber plantations, and bushy areas. Mitered Langurs will use all levels of the forest canopy but tends to favor the understory. It is tolerant of habitat conversion to a degree and can be found in disturbed and secondary forest areas.

Food and Feeding. Mitered Langurs eat young leaves, unripe fruits, flowers, mature leaves, and seeds.

Breeding. There is no information available for this species.

Activity patterns. The Mitered Languris diurnal and arboreal.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Home ranges of Mitered Langurs are 14-29-5 ha. The daily distance moved is c. 300-1360 m.

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as P. melalophos mitrata ). The Mitered Languris protected by Indonesian law. Habitat loss, especially due to oil palm plantations, is a major threat, but they have some tolerance to forest conversion. Like the Black-crested Sumatran Langur ( P. melalophos ), the Mitered Langur is relatively common in remaining habitat, but its occurrence is very patchy and fragmented. It is heavily hunted and often trapped for the pet trade. It occurs in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and Way Kambas National Park in Sumatra. Further study is urgently needed to better understand its distribution and the geographic patterns of color variants.

Bibliography. Aimi & Bakar (1992, 1996), Davies et al. (1988), Fleagle (1977), Groves (2001), Kawamura (1984), Meyer, Hodges et al. (2012), Meyer, Rinaldi et al. (2011), Mukhtar et al. (1990), Nijman & Manullang (2008), Zingeser (1970).

Figures

5. 5- 6 kg ( females ). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is red- dish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth — a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur ( Presbytis hoset (null), 6. [MISSING], 7. [MISSING], 8. [MISSING], 9. [MISSING], 10. [MISSING], 11. [MISSING], 12. [MISSING], 13. [MISSING], 14. [MISSING], 15. [MISSING], 16. [MISSING], 17. [MISSING], 18. [MISSING], 19. [MISSING], 20. [MISSING], 21. [MISSING], 22. [MISSING], 23. [MISSING], 24. [MISSING], 25. [MISSING], 26. [MISSING], 27. [MISSING], 28. [MISSING], 29. [MISSING], 30. [MISSING], 31. [MISSING], 32. [MISSING], 33. [MISSING], 34. [MISSING], 35. [MISSING], 36. [MISSING], 37. [MISSING], 38. [MISSING], 39. [MISSING], 40. [MISSING], 41. [MISSING], 42. [MISSING], 43. [MISSING], 44. [MISSING], 45. [MISSING], 46. [MISSING], 47. [MISSING], 48. [MISSING], 49. [MISSING], 50. [MISSING], 51. [MISSING], 52. [MISSING], 53. [MISSING], 54. [MISSING], 55. [MISSING], 56. [MISSING], 57. [MISSING], 58. [MISSING], 59. [MISSING], 60. [MISSING], 61. [MISSING], 62. [MISSING], 63. [MISSING], 64. [MISSING], 65. [MISSING], 66. [MISSING], 67. [MISSING], 68. [MISSING], 69. [MISSING], 70. [MISSING], 71. [MISSING], 72. [MISSING], 73. [MISSING], 74. [MISSING], 75. [MISSING], 76. [MISSING], 77. [MISSING], 78. [MISSING], 79. [MISSING], 80. [MISSING], 81. [MISSING], 82. [MISSING], 83. [MISSING], 84. [MISSING], 85. [MISSING], 86. [MISSING], 87. [MISSING], 88. [MISSING], 89. [MISSING], 90. [MISSING], 91. [MISSING], 92. [MISSING], 93. [MISSING], 94. [MISSING], 95. [MISSING], 96. [MISSING], 97. [MISSING], 98. [MISSING], 99. [MISSING], 100. [MISSING], 101. [MISSING], 102. [MISSING], 103. [MISSING], 105. Javan Langur (Presbytis comata), 106. Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), 107. Cross-marked Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas), 108. White-fronted Langur (Presbytis frontata), 109. Hose’s Langur (Presbytis hosei), 110. Miller’s Langur (Presbytis canicrus), 111. Sabah Grizzled Langur (Presbytis sabana), 112. Black-crested Sumatran Langur (Presbytis melalophos), 113. Black-and-white Langur (Presbytis bicolor), 114. Black Sumatran Langur (Presbytis sumatrana), 115. Mitered Langur (Presbytis mitrata)

Distribution. SE Sumatra E of the Barisan Range, from the Batang Hari River, SW to the upper Musi River drainage, and S to Lampung Province.