Taenionema sinensis, Chen & Ye, 2023

Chen, Zhi-Teng & Ye, Xiao-Han, 2023, Taenionema sinensis sp. n., the first endemic species of Taenionema Banks, 1905 (Plecoptera, Taeniopterygidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 11, pp. 104618-104618 : 104618

Taenionema sinensis sp. n.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia ; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Plecoptera ; family: Taeniopterygidae ; genus: Taenionema ; specificEpithet: sinensis; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Zhejiang; municipality: Quzhou ; locality: Yaowangshan ; verbatimElevation: 250 m; verbatimCoordinates: 28°46′23″N, 118°58′33″E; Identification : identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen ; Event : verbatimEventDate: 08-03-2020; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUST Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 10; sex: 3 males, 5 females, 2 larvae; occurrenceID: B324F1FF-17C0-5672-863D-A01EE394EC87; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia ; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Plecoptera ; family: Taeniopterygidae ; genus: Taenionema ; specificEpithet: sinensis; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Zhejiang; municipality: Quzhou ; locality: Yaowangshan ; verbatimElevation: 250 m; verbatimCoordinates: 28°46′23″N, 118°58′33″E; Identification : identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen ; Event : verbatimEventDate: 08-03-2020; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUST Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 5; sex: larvae; occurrenceID: A07BC7BA-0984-57F5-AB74-B0646C2CC696; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia ; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Plecoptera ; family: Taeniopterygidae ; genus: Taenionema ; specificEpithet: sinensis; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Zhejiang; municipality: Quzhou ; locality: Yaowangshan ; verbatimElevation: 250 m; verbatimCoordinates: 28°46′23″N, 118°58′33″E; Identification : identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen ; Event : verbatimEventDate: 14-03-2020; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUST Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 11; sex: 1 female, 10 larvae; occurrenceID: 4700AC73-4BE1-5FDD-8B88-CE2D082056B6; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia ; phylum: Arthropoda ; class: Insecta ; order: Plecoptera ; family: Taeniopterygidae ; genus: Taenionema ; specificEpithet: sinensis; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Fujian; municipality: Nanping ; locality: Wuyishan ; verbatimElevation: 730 m; verbatimCoordinates: 27°44′47″N, 117°41′2″E; Identification : identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen ; Event : verbatimEventDate: 08-03-2022; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUST

Description

Male. Body length 5.0-7.0 mm (n = 4), colour mostly dark brown (Fig. 2 ). Head rounded, with three normally-developed ocelli; compound eyes dark. Antennae dark brown and slender, nearly two times longer than body. Pronotum near trapezoidal, bearing scattered rugosities, corners obtuse. Macropterous (Figs 2 , 3 ), forewings length 8.0-8.5 mm (n = 4), hind-wings length 7.0-7.5 mm (n = 4). Wings hyaline, veins brown, without spots. In forewings (Fig. 3 ), RP with two branches; CuA with two branches. In hind-wings (Fig. 3 ), RP with two branches; six anal veins present. Legs elongated, brown to dark brown. Abdominal terga 1-9 unmodified. Tergum 10 with two rounded posterior lobes, distance between the lobes equal to the lobe length (Figs 4 , 5 ). Basal plate of tergum 10 sclerotised, lateral struts broad, medial strut broad and forked. Epiproct composed of an upper narrow lobe and a lower bulb, both directed posteriad; the upper lobe expanded laterally and tongue-shaped in dorsal view, finger-shaped in lateral view, gradually tapering to apex; the lower bulb rounded, funnel-shaped in lateral view, posteriorly with a cylindrical projection. Paraprocts asymmetrical, forming three main lobes, including a V-shaped lateral sclerite, a conical median membrane and a finger-shaped lateral sclerite. Cercus eight-segmented, with an ellipsoidal, weakly sclerotised basicercal process, apex with a tiny knob. Sternum 9 broadly-developed, apical half strongly recurved and deeply cleft, forming two pointed lobes.

Female. Body length 6.0-9.0 mm (n = 5), general colour and pattern similar to the male (Fig. 6 ). Macropterous; forewing length 9.0-10.0 mm (n = 5), hind-wing length 7.0-8.0 mm (n = 5). The genital opening present on posterior half of sternum 8, with two slender lateral sclerites that are convergent posteriorly (Fig. 6 ). Cercus six-segmented, apically with a small dark knob. Sternum 9 with two dark longitudinal sclerites lateral to the median membranous area. Postgenital plate broad basally, gradually tapering towards apex, length subequal to basal width, apex truncate or slightly notched.

Larva. Described in Chen and Ye (2020).

Diagnosis

Taenionema sinensis sp. n. can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters: adult males with deeply notched, bilobed sternum 9; adult females with a posteriorly truncate postgenital plate; male larvae with a notched subgenital plate and hook-shaped paraprocts.

Etymology

The specific epithet refers to the first new species of Taenionema known from China, treated as an adjective.

Distribution

China: Zhejiang Province; Fujian Province (Fig. 1A).

Biology

Taenionema sinensis sp. n. has been observed to inhabit moderately-sized creeks (to 10 m wide) characterised by fast-flowing, clear water and boulder and cobble substrates (Fig. 1 B and C). Adults of T. sinensis sp. n. were primarily found on stream-side plants, with one male adult being captured by a light trap, suggesting a possible positive phototactic response. Adult emergence for T. sinensis sp. nov. occurs in early March. Despite the suitable habitat, the population density of T. sinensis sp. n. is low in both Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces. The habitat was found to be populated with numerous other stoneflies, including species of Leuctridae , Nemouridae , Peltoperlidae , Perlidae , Perlodidae and Styloperlidae .

Figures

Figure 1. Taenionema spp. A distribution of Taenionema species in China; B habitat stream of Taenionema sinensis sp. n. in Zhejiang Province; C habitat stream of Taenionema sinensis sp. n. in Fujian Province.

Figure 2. Taenionema sinensis sp. n., male holotype, habitus in dorsal view (A) and ventral view (B).

Figure 3. Taenionema sinensis sp. n., male holotype, left forewing (A) and left hind-wing (B). Abbreviations: RA, anterior radius; RP, posterior radius; M, media; CuA, anterior cubitus; CuP, posterior cubitus.

Figure 4. Taenionema sinensis sp. n., male holotype, terminalia in dorsal views (A-C) and dorsolateral view (D). Abbreviations: t 10, tergum 10; bcp, basicercal process; ep, epiproct; st 9, sternum 9; pp, paraproct; ce, cercus. Shape of epiproct depicted with white lines.

Figure 5. Taenionema sinensis sp. n., male holotype, terminalia in dorsolateral view (A), lateral view (B) and ventral view (C). Abbreviations: t 10, tergum 10; bcp, basicercal process; ep, epiproct; st 9, sternum 9; pp, paraproct; ce, cercus. Shape of epiproct depicted with white lines.

Figure 6. Taenionema sinensis sp. n., female paratype A habitus in dorsal view; B habitus in ventral view; C terminalia in ventral view.