Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874)

Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-sen, Feng, Jun & Xu, Zai-fu, 2016, Revision of the genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 from China, with description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1), pp. 109-136 : 117

Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae

Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874) Figs 31-36, 98

Chrysis imperiosus Smith, 1874: 460. Lectotype, ♀, designated by Bohart in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533. Australia: Queensland, Moreton Bay (BMNH) (examined).

Chrysis imperiosa Smith: du Buysson 1898a: 536; du Buysson 1899: 168; Bingham 1903: 479.

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) imperiosa Smith: Mocsáry 1913b: 619; Uchida 1927: 152; Tsuneki 1970: 18.

Chrysis (Trichrysis) imperiosa Smith: Linsenmaier 1959: 170; Linsenmaier 1994: 193.

Praestochrysis imperiosa (Smith): Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533; Strumia 1996: 62.

Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith): Rosa et al. 2014: 76.

Material examined.

AUSTRALIA: Lectotype / ♀ / Australia / Chrysis imperiosus type Smith <handwritten by Smith> / B.M. Type Hym. 13.146 / Lectotype Chrysis imperiosus F. Smith R.M. Bohart / BMNH(E) ♀ 970896. CHINA: 1♀, Hunan, Mt. Huping, Nianzigou (29°55 ’38” N 110°48 ’48” E), 9.VII.2009, leg. Y-l. Tang (SCAU); 12♀♀, Guangdong, Chebaling National Nature Reserve (24°42'N 114°11'E), 22-28.VII.2008, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 1♀, idem, 27.VII.2002 (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Liuxihe Forest Park (23°44 ’31” N 113°47 ’0” E), 20.VI.2004, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 1♀, idem, 29.VIII.2004 (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Shaoguan, Yunjishan Provincial Natural Reserve (24°4 ’37” N 114°10 ’14” E), 19.VII.2003, leg. Z-f. Xu (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Meizhou, Fengxi (24°31 ’43” N 116°16 ’45” E), 30.VII.2003, leg. J-x. Liu & P-c. Li (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Meizhou, Meixian (24°16 ’2” N 116°4 ’58” E), 14-29.VII.2006, leg. C-h. Xie & W-x. Xie (SCAU); 1♀, Guangdong, Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve (23°27 ’42” N 111°54 ’33” E), 1-2.X.2003, leg. W-q. Fan (SCAU); 1♀, Hainan, Bawangling National Nature Reserve (19°7 ’31” N 109°14 ’6” E), 7-11.VII.2006, leg. J-x. Liu & L-q. Weng (SCAU); 1♀, Hainan, Bawangling National Nature Reserve, 21-21.VI.2007, leg. J-m. Yao (SCAU); 5♀♀, Hainan, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve (19°0 ’52” N 109°32 ’47” E), 17-20.VII.2010, leg. H-y. Chen (SCAU). INDONESIA: 1♀, Dutch New Guinea Cyclops Mts. Sabron. 930 ft IV.1936 L.E. Cheesman / B.M. 1936-271 (NMLS). NEPAL: 1♀, West Nepal 13.VI. Myagdi District, Shikha Tatopani (28°28'N 83°40'E) C. Holzschuh (NMLS). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 1♀, UPNG Waigani Nat. Cap. District 18.III.1916 T. Mala (NMLS); 1♀, Neth. Ind. American-New Guinea Expedition, Mountain slope above Bernhard Camp 100 m, 9.IV.1939 L. J. Toxopeus (NMLS); 1♀, 6 mile Pt. Moresby 9.VII.1967 S. Swanson (NMLS); 1♀, Kokoda 1200 ft IV.1933 L.E. Cheesman / B.M. 1933-42 (NMLS). THAILAND: 1♀, Chiang Dao Hill Reserve 100 km N Chiang Mai, 650 m, 28. V– 8.VI.2009 leg. S. Murzin (PRC); 2♀♀, 100 km N Chiang Mai 600 m, 20-31.VII.2008 leg. S. Murzin (PRC).

Diagnosis.

Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874) is similar to Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804) and it was synonymised with the latter by Kimsey and Bohart (1991). However, it can be easily separated from the latter by: body metallic coppery dorsally on mesosoma; TFC simple, without branches upwards to ocellar area; T2 ending in a raised carina; T3 pre pit row area strongly overhanging over pit row; pit row broad and distinct, with large pits partly fused; S2 black spots small and fused (Fig. 98).

Description.

Female. Body length 8.4-10.6 mm.

Head. Scapal basin deep and punctate (Fig. 34). TFC distinct, single and mostly straight, with two ends bending downwards. Relative length of P:F1:F2:F3=1.0:2.0:1.0:0.8; F1 l/w=3; OOL=2.0 MOD; BOL=1.2 MOD; POL=1.6 MOD; MS=1.0 MOD; clypeal apex concave medially.

Mesosoma. Pronotal groove deep, almost extending to posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 33); sublateral carina distinct and complete. Mesoscutellum and metanotum with anterior depression polished (Fig. 31). Episternal sulcus with foveae transversally elongated; scrobal sulcus with large and irregular areolae (up to 3 PD) (Fig. 32).

Metasoma. T1 and T2 with uniform punctuation; punctures with same diameter of punctures on mesoscutum, equally interspaced (0.5-1.0 PD). T2 with strong median carina; T2 posterior margin raised (Fig. 35). T3 pit row area beneath strongly overhanging pre pit fold; pit row enlarged sunken and broad, with large pits partly fused (Fig. 36). Apex of T3 with five teeth. S2 black spots small, diamond-shaped, fused medially (Fig. 98).

Colouration. Body metallic greenish-blue to blue. Face with golden reflections. Vertex with metallic coppery reflection; violet in ocellar area. Scape, pedicel and F1 bluish-green to green, rest of flagellum black. Pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum medially, mesopleuron over scrobal sulcus, and metapleuron mostly metallic coppery. Pronotal groove dark blue to violet. Tegula metallic greenish-copper. Legs metallic green, with tarsi blackish-brown. T1 and T2 metallic coppery laterally.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution.

China (Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan) ( Tsuneki 1970); Australia, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka ( Bingham 1903); Vietnam ( Kimsey and Bohart 1991); Indonesia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Thailand (new records).

Remarks.

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) placed this species in the genus Praestochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959, because it bears five teeth on apex of T3. However, as already observed by Linsenmaier (1994) and Madl and Rosa (2012), some important morphological and biological characteristics of the species are indeed typical of the genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876. Apex of T3 with five teeth can be considered as an extreme variation of convex interval between median tooth and lateral tooth, which is variable in the genus Trichrysis .