Fragilaria radians (Kützing) Williams & Round (1988: 269)

Amaral, Mailor Wellinton Wedig, Medeiros, Gabriela, Daufenbach, Vanessa, Sampaio, Silvio Cesar, Reis, Ralpho Rinaldo Dos, Ludwig, Thelma Alvim Veiga & Bueno, Norma Catarina, 2024, Taxonomy of epilithic diatoms and teratological forms under the presence of metals in surface sediment, Phytotaxa 647 (3), pp. 237-273 : 243

Fragilaria radians (Kützing) Williams & Round (1988: 269)

Figs 3 : X–AA

Length: 23.7–40.4 µm; width: 2.7–3.2 µm; striae: 18–22 in 10 µm (n = 6)

Teratological form: deformed valve outline, undulated, containing protrusions, or bent apices.

Occurrence: S3, S8.

Ecological characteristics: Cond.: 39.00–40.00 µS cm –1; BOD: 1.19–2.38 mg L− 1; COD: 5.95–13.60 mg L− 1; N-NH 3: 37.80–58.00 µg L− 1; NO 3: 0.34–0.37 mg L− 1; DO: 14.27–14.80 mg L− 1; pH: 6.19–6.26; PO 4 −: 0.004 –0.006 mg L− 1; TP: 0.007 –0.016 mg L− 1; TS: 10.00– 48.00 mg L− 1; Temp.: 17.37–17.90 °C; Turb.: 7.96–10.70; Flow: 0.47–1.16 m 3 s; Average depth: 0.19–0.29 m; Prec.: 9.96 mm.

Metal Concentrations: Co: 23.91–39.39 mg L –1; Cr: 27.33–85.31 mg L –1; Cu: 170.55–264.18 mg L- 1; Mn: 398.50–606.73 mg L –1; Ni: 31.80–73.27 mg L –1; Pb: 31.05–46.56 mg L –1; Zn: 79.00– 172.60 mg L –1.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Epilithic diatoms from Cascavel River micro-watershed in LM. A. Stephanocyclus meneghinianus. B. Cyclotella kingstonii. C–E. Discostella stelligera. D–E. Teratological valves. F. Melosira varians. G. Orthoseira roeseana. H. Aulacoseira ambigua. I. A. brasiliensis. J. A. granulata var. angustissima. K. A. granulata. L–N. A. pusilla. O–Q. A. tenella. R–T. Fragilaria fragilarioides. U–AA. F. radians. X–AA. Teratological valves. AB–AH. F. pectinalis. AE–AH. Teratological valves. AI–AK. F. tenera. AL–AO. F. tenera var. nanana. AN–AO. Teratological valves. AP–AR. F. spectra. AS–AT. Fragilariforma javanica. AU. Ulnaria contracta. AV. U. delicatissima. AW–AZ. U. ulna. AX–AZ. Teratological valves. Scale bars: 10 µm.