Enyo lugubris lugubris (Linnaeus, 1771)

Rose-Smyth, M. C., Askew, R. R., van, P. A., Stafford, B., Simon, M. J., Goss, G. J. & Rozycki, R., 2022, A checklist of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Cayman Islands: with implications for the pollination of the ghost orchid Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) and consideration of bat predation, Insecta Mundi 2022 (933), pp. 1-27 : 24-27

Enyo lugubris lugubris (Linnaeus, 1771)

Not recorded by Jordan (1940) or Askew (1980)

New records

Grand Cayman

5, 3–16.viii.1968 George Town (Wayne Klopp, MPM)

21.ii.1993 3km west of Colliers at black light (W.E. Steiner & J.W. Swearingen, NTCI)

1.xii.1994 Prospect, Ocean Club, indoors (Peter Davey, NTCI)

2.i.2008 no locality (DE)

18.xii.2009 Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park (Kristan Godbeer, DEGC)

2017 1♂ 1♀ Valley Gardens (Rose-Smyth)

16.xii.2012 Valley Gardens, worn (Rose-Smyth, P)

26.xii.2012 Valley Gardens, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

06.vii.2015 Valley Gardens 21:11, fresh, on wall (Rose-Smyth, P)

05.viii.2015 Valley Gardens 20:18, fresh, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

13.ix.2015 Valley Gardens 20:28 fresh, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

10.v.2016 Valley Gardens 04:03, fresh, on wall (Rose-Smyth, P)

09.i.2017 Valley Gardens 18:54, fresh, on porch ceiling (Rose-Smyth, P)

13.i.2017 Valley Gardens 19:35, at uv light, worn (Rose-Smyth, P)

22.i.2017 Valley Gardens 20:02, at uv light, some wear (Rose-Smyth, P)

27.i.2017 Valley Gardens 20:42, at uv light, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR)

11.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 20:21, at uv light, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

13.ii.2018 3 Valley Gardens 19:56-21:36, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P) Fig. 7 .

14.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 20:41, on wall in porch; fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

15.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 21:21, at uv light, on floor of porch, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

23.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 22:25, at uv light, on wall of porch, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

01.vi.2018 Valley Gardens 21:42, at uv light, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P)

Cautethia grotei apira ( Jordan, 1940)

Jordan (1940) Grand Cayman described as a new subspecies C. g. apira Jordan: syntypes: 1♂ 19.iv.1938 west end of Georgetown, 1♂ 17.vii.1938 West Bay, both collected in light trap.

Later records

Grand Cayman

24.ix.1991 South Sound (NTCI)

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR)

Cautethia grotei hilaris ( Jordan, 1940)

Jordan (1940) Cayman Brac described as new subspecies C. g. hilaris Jordan: syntypes: 3♂♂ 23 & 24.v.1938 Bluff near east end of Spot Bay, 2♂♂ 24.v.1938 north coast, Earthquake Hole ; 1♂ 28.v.1938 Stakes Bay , all in light traps. Askew (1980) attributed to C. g. hilaris, Little Cayman 5 individuals 10–30.vii.1975 Pirate’s Point at mv light, 20 on 28.vii.1975 central forest south of Sparrowhawk Hill at mv light of which 1♂ in collection ( RRA) .

Later records

Little Cayman

3 22.vi.2017 Stone Wall Rd. (SGR)

Additional individuals of each subspecies, dating from the Oxford Expedition, are held at NHMUK (I.J. Kitching pers. comm. 2021) including specimens illustrated in the Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory, as follows:

C. g. apira 1♂ 18.vi.1938, catalogue number BMNH(E)273058 (Kitching 2022b.)

C. g. hilaris 1♂ 22.v.1938, behind Stakes Bay, catalogue number BMNH(E)273059 (Kitching 2022c).

Cautethia grotei is the smallest of the Cayman Islands sphingids.

Eumorpha vitis vitis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Jordan (1940) Cayman Brac attributed to E. vitis vitis 1♂ 2♀♀ 18.v.1938 and 1♀ 26.v.1938 Stakes Bay at ♂ paw-paw [ Carica papaya ] flowers, 1 21.v.1938 Stakes Bay in light trap, 4♀♀ 27.v.1938 at Court House light, 1♂ 24.v.1938 bluff near Spot Bay in light trap. Askew (1980) Little Cayman 5 10-30.vii.1975 Pirates Point at mv light of which 1♂ 18.vii.1975 (RRA)

Later records

Grand Cayman

12.v.2010 North Side, Mastic Trail 10:37 (Stuart Mailer, P) Fig. 8 .

Cayman Brac

08.vii.2019 Arlin Reid Drive, north, late instar larva feeding on Cissus verticillata (James Vascik, P)

The Grand Cayman adult specimen is also attributable to E. vitis vitis .

Eumorpha fasciatus fasciatus (Sulzer, 1776)

Jordan (1940) Grand Cayman 1♀ 1938 Georgetown west end.

Later records

Grand Cayman

10.ii.2018 Savannah 18:34 (Norma and Peter Davey, P), Fig. 9 .

Eumorpha labruscae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Jordan (1940) Grand Cayman 1♀ 6.viii.1938 Georgetown in light trap.

Later records

Grand Cayman

22.ii.1994 George Town, off Crewe Road, in porch of house (Penny Clifford, NTCI)

2.v.1996 North Side reared from larva on Cissus trifoliata pupated 14.iv.1996 (M. Van Liefde, NTCI with pupal case)

2, 2008 no locality (DEGC)

1.i.2008 no locality (Carla Reid)

14.i.2008 no locality (John Paruch, P)

6.ii.2008 Bodden Town, dead in porch (RRA)

8.ii.2008 Lower Valley, Agricultural Pavilion dead (Askew)

22.ii.2010 George Town, larva (Stafford)

25.xii.2011 Valley Gardens 20:43, west porch (Rose-Smyth, P)

05.i.2012 Valley Gardens 22:20, west porch (Rose-Smyth, P)

09.ii.2012 Valley Gardens 22:00, west porch (Rose-Smyth, P)

13.vii.2015 Valley Gardens 01:45, west porch on wall (Rose-Smyth, P)

06.ii.2017 Valley Gardens 06:10, west porch, at uv light (Christine Rose-Smyth, P)

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR)

13.i.2019 Valley Gardens 20:34, west porch, at uv light (Christine Rose-Smyth, P)

Eumorpha satellitia posticatus (Grote, 1865)

Not recorded by Jordan (1940) or Askew (1980).

New record

Grand Cayman

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR) Fig. 10 .

Tribe Macroglossini Harris, 1839

Xylophanes pluto (Fabricius, 1777)

Jordan (1940) Grand Cayman 3♀♀ 17.iv, 12.vi & 14.vi.1938 Georgetown in light trap.

Later records

Grand Cayman

4, 4–14.viii.1968 George Town (Wayne Klopp, MPM)

01.vii.1970 unlocalised (F.D. Bennett, UWIZM)

1♀, 1985 George Town light trap (Askew 1994) (RRA)

18.ii.1993 3♂♂ 1.5 km south of Hutland in forest near mangroves at black light (W.E. Steiner, J.W. Swearingen & F.J. Burton, NTCI)

ii.1998 1♀ North Side reared from larva (M. Van Liefde, NTCI)

4.vii.2007 George Town, Mosquito Research Control Unit airport hangar (DEGC)

31.i.2014 QEIIBP 11:53, nursery potting shed (Rose-Smyth, P)

05.vi.2015 Valley Gardens, inside house (Rose-Smyth)

18.vii.2015 Valley Gardens 20:28 (Rose-Smyth, P)

24.viii.2015 Valley Gardens 21:05 (Rose-Smyth, P)

08.v.2016 Lower Valley, Lottery Rd. (near Agricultural Grounds) (Rose-Smyth & V.R. Block, MCR) 28.iii.2017 Valley Gardens 19:54, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

23.iv.2017 2 Valley Gardens 19:57 & 21:36, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR)

11.ii.2018 2 Valley Gardens 9:10-20:23, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P, MCR)

12.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 20:00, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P, MCR)

2, 13.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 19:55-20:06, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P, MCR)

2, 14.ii.2018. Valley Gardens 19:57-20:31, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

15.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 21:16, at uv light, worn (Rose-Smyth, P)

21.ii.2018 Valley Gardens 21:15, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

24.iii.2018 Valley Gardens 19:57-20:31, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

01.iv.2018 4 Valley Gardens 19:37, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

06.iv.2018 Valley Gardens 22:10, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

07.v.2018 Valley Gardens 21:12, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

12.v.2018 2 Valley Gardens 19:56, at uv light, one fresh, one very worn (Rose-Smyth, P)

14.v.2018 Valley Gardens 21:26, at uv light, very worn (Rose-Smyth, P)

09.xii.2018 Valley Gardens 19:25, at uv light (Rose-Smyth, P)

30.i.2019 2 Valley Gardens 20:10, at incandescent light, fresh (Rose-Smyth, P).

Little Cayman

21.vi.2017 2008 Coppice Rd., east (SGR)

Adult X. pluto appear as two colour variants in Grand Cayman, one greenish and the other a golden brown. Of specimens observed at Valley Gardens, 17 were recorded as being of the green form and 10 as of the golden form. The difference occurs in both fresh and worn specimens. No temporal pattern in occurrence of these two forms was noted. D’Abrera (1986) mentions the existence of two colour forms of the larvae.

Xylophanes tersa (Drury, 1770)

Jordan (1940) Little Cayman 2♂♂ 30.v1938, 4♂♂ 31.v1938, 3♂♂ 2.vi1938 & 1♂ 3.vi.1938 all east coast at South Town in light trap. Askew (1980) Little Cayman 19 10-30.vii.1975 Pirates Point of which 1, 16.vii.1975 (Askew, NTCI, Fig. 11 ), 1♀ 10.vii and 1♀ 12.vii.1975 at house light (RRA), 1♂ 14.vii.1975, 1♂ 17.vii.1975 and 1♂ 30.vii.1975 at mv light (RRA), 1 16.vii.1975 central forest south of Sparrowhawk Hill in mv light trap (Askew, NTCI).

Later records

Grand Cayman

21.ii.1993 3 km west of Colliers at black light (W.E. Steiner & J.W. Swearingen, NTCI)

5.ii.2006 Bodden Town (RRA)

26.vi.2017 Colliers (SGR

Little Cayman

21.vi.2017 Coppice Rd., east (SGR)

Hyles lineata (Fabricius, 1775)

Jordan (1940) Cayman Brac 1♂ 20.v.1938 West End , Cotton-tree Land in light trap ; Little Cayman 1♀ 5.vi.1938 East end, 1♀ 8.vi.1938 south coast, South Town in light trap. Askew (1980) Little Cayman 1♂ 24.vii.1975 Pirates Point in mv light trap ( RRA)

Later records 1 without data (DAGC)

Figures

Figures 2–7. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 2) Isognathus rimosa. 3) Erinnyis obscura. 4) Phryxus caicus. 5) Predation of Pachylia ficus larva by Mangrove Cuckoo, Coccyzus minor. 6) Pachylia ficus. 7) Enyo lugubris. Photographic credits: M.C. Rose-Smyth (2, 27.i.2017; 3, 08.viii.2018; 4, 24.xiii.2015, 6, 05.iv.2018; 7, 13.ii.2018), Yves-Jacques Rey-Millet (5, 29.xii.2012).

Figures 8–11. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 8) Eumorpha vitis. 9) Eumorpha fasciatus. 10) Eumorpha satellitia posticatus. 11) Xylophanes tersa. Photographic credits: Stuart Mailer (8, 12.v.2010), Peter and Norma Davey (9, 10.ii.2018), Gary J. Goss (10, 26.vi.2017), M.C. Rose-Smyth (11, NTCI collection).