Ipomoea hederifolia

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

321. Ipomoea hederifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 925. 1759. (Linnaeus 1759: 925)

Quamoclit hederifolia (L.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Ipomoea coccinea var. hederifolia (L.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 209. 1878. (Gray 1878: 209).

Mina hederifolia (L.) Bello, Apuntes Fl. Puerto Rico 1: 294. 1881. (Bello y Espinoza 1881: 294).

Convolvulus coccineus var. hederifolius (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 213. 1898. (Kuntze 1898: 213).

Quamoclit coccinea var. hederifolia (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 599. 1909. (House 1909b: 599).

Ipomoea luteola Jacq. , Collectanea 2: 266. 1789 [dated 1788]. (Jacquin 1789: 266). Type. Icon 35 in Jacquin, Icones plantarum rariorum 1, drawn from cultivated plant grown from seed from Guatemala, lectotype, designated here (Jacquin 1781-1786).

Convolvulus luteolus (Jacq.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (Sprengel) 1: 599. 1825 [pub. 1824). (Sprengel 1824: 599).

Quamoclit luteola (Jacq.) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 258. 1838. (Don 1838: 258).

Quamoclit coccinea var. luteola (Jacq.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 335. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 335).

Ipomoea coccinea var. luteola (Jacq.) Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 218. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 218).

Ipomoea coccinea forma luteola (Jacq.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengaertn. , ed. 3, 1: 709. 1894. (Voss 1894-6: 709).

Ipomoea angulata Lam. , Encycl. 1: 464. 1793 [dated 1791]. (Lamarck 1793 464). Type. MAURITIUS [Ins. Franciae], Sonnerat (lectotype P-LAM00357492, designated here).

Convolvulus angulatus (Lam.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (Sprengel) : 1: 594. 1825 [pub. 1824 [[(Sprengel 1824: 594).

Quamoclit angulata (Lam.) Bojer , Hortus Maurit. 224. 1837. (Bojer 1837: 224).

Ipomoea acutangula Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. 2: 10, t.119. 1799. (Ruiz and Pavón 1799: 10). Type. PERU. Ruiz, Pavón & Dombey s.n. (lectotype MA814698, designated here; isolectotypes MA).

Convolulus acutangulus (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (Sprengel) : 1: 605. 1825 [pub. 1824). (Sprengel 1824: 605).

Quamoclit acutangula (Ruiz & Pav.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 335. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 335).

Ipomoea sanguinea Vahl , Symb. Bot. 3: 33. 1794. (Vahl 1794: 33). Type. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St. Croix, R. West s.n. (lectotype C10009670, designated here; isolectotypes BM, C, MA).

Convolulus sanguineus (Vahl) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (Sprengel) : 1: 595. 1824 [pub. 1825). (Sprengel 1824: 595).

Doxema sanguinea (Vahl) Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 75. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 75).

Quamoclit sanguinea (Vahl) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Ipomoea angularis Willd. , Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 197. 1803. Type. INDIA. Rottler s.n. (holotype B-W03747-01).

Ipomoea dichotoma Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 112. 1818 [pub. 1819]. (Kunth 1819: 112). Type. [COLOMBIA], Regno Novae Granatae, ad ostia fluminis Sinu, locis humidis, Humboldt & Bonpland 1372 (holotype P00670775).

Quamoclit dichotoma (Kunth) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1838. (Don 1838: 259).

Ipomoea phoenicea Roxb. , Fl. Indica 2: 92. 1824. (Roxburgh 1824: 92). Type. INDIA. Plant cultivated at Calcutta, Roxburgh in Wallich 1372 (lectotype K-W001112944, designated here).

Convolvulus phoeniceus (Roxb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (Sprengel) : 1: 596. 1825 [pub. 1824). (Sprengel 1824: 596).

Quamoclit phoenicea (Roxb.) Choisy , Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 6: 433 [51]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 433[51]).

Ipomoea coccinea var. curviflora Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 472. 1864 [pub. 1862). (Grisebach 1862b: 472). Type. JAMAICA. March s.n. (?? GOET, not at K).

Ipomoea nephrophylla Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 219. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 219). Type. ECUADOR. Guayas, Cerrito near Guayaquil, Jameson 395 (lectotype BM001209581, designated here).

Quamoclit brevipedicellata Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boiss.7: 416. 1899. (Hallier 1899c: 416). Type. GUATEMALA. Grenada, Friedrichstahl 929 (W) & Huehuehtenango, Seler 3204 (?B), syntypes.

Ipomoea brevipedicellata (Hallier f.) Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 46: 20. 1922 (Hallier 1922: 20).

Ipomoea praematura Eckenwalder , Brittonia 41 (1): 75. 1989. (Eckenwalder 1989: 75). Type. Cultivated plant grown at Toronto from seed collected in Grenada, J.E. Eckenwalder 2525 (holotype TRT, isotypes GH, K, MO, NY, US).

Ipomoea coccinea auct. mult., non L.

Type.

Icon in Plumier in Burman, Pl. Amer. 4: 82, t. 93, f. 2 (1756), lectotype designated by O’Donell (1959a: 48).

Description.

Twining annual, stems glabrous or thinly pilose. Leaves petiolate, 2-12 × 2-11 cm, variable in shape, most commonly 3-lobed to about half way, sometimes very shallowly lobed so leaf coarsely 3-5-dentate, sometimes simply ovate, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate, base cordate with obtuse auricles, glabrous to thinly pubescent; petioles mostly 1-6 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate, axillary cymes; peduncles 5-15 cm long; bracteoles ovate, c. 1 mm, caducous; secondary peduncles 1-2.5 cm; pedicels 3-12 mm, remaining erect in fruit; sepals slightly unequal, oblong-elliptic, obtuse to rounded with a prominent awn, margins scarious, glabrous, outer sepals 1.5-3 mm with mucro mostly 2-5 mm long, inner slightly larger with broader scarious margins; corolla red, hypocrateriform, usually curved, glabrous, the tube 2-4 cm long, slightly widened upwards, limb 1.8-2.5 cm diam., very shallowly lobed to entire, weakly spreading, acute; stamens exserted. Capsules 5-7 mm, subglobose, lacking an apical mucro, glabrous; seeds 3-4 mm long, shortly tomentose.

Illustration.

Figure 10F ; 136D ; Proctor (2012: 546); Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 168); Bosser and Heine (2000: 53); Deroin (2001: 199).

Distribution.

Common in tropical America from the southern United States to northernmost Argentina; introduced but widespread and frequent in the Old World tropics. It is usually found in disturbed bushy places and secondary scrub below 1000 m (rarely reaching 1500 m). It is more strictly tropical than many widespread species being absent from the three southern states of Brazil, Uruguay and most of Paraguay as well as most of northern Mexico. It is also rare in the Venezuelan Llanos, the Guianas and the Amazon region and there are no records from Pando in Bolivia, Amazonas in Colombia or Acre and Amapá in Brazil, indicating that it tends to avoid the Amazon basin.

ARGENTINA. Salta: Oran, T. Meyer 8372 (LIL), fide O’Donell (1959a).

PARAGUAY. Amambay: Rojas in Hassler 10544 (BM, S); Fernández Casas & J. Molero 6196 (MO, NY).

BRAZIL. Bahia: C. von Glocker 597 (BM, NY, US); Espigão Mestre, W.R. Anderson et al. 36954 (MO, NY); Feira de Santana, L.P. de Queiroz 15975 (HUEFS, OXF). Ceará: A. Löfgren 522 (S). Dist. Fed.: V.F. Paiva 576 (RB). Espirito Santo: A.C. Brade 18439 (HB, RB). Goiás: B. Walter 1408 (CEN, RB); H.S. Irwin 15077 (NY). Maranhão: G. Eiten 4046 (NY, RB). Mato Grosso: C.A.M. Lindman 3411 (S); L.M. Carreira 814 (NY). Mato Grosso do Sul: D. Smith 49 (K). Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Y. Mexia 4690 (BMS); A. Macedo 330 (RB). Pará: R. Spruce 695 (NY). Paraíba: J. Coelho de Moraes 917 (RB). Pernambuco: Igarassu, H.C. Silva 43 (MO). Piauí: Gardner s.n. (BM). Rio de Janeiro: J.F.Widgren 148 (S). Rio Grande do Norte: S. Tsugaru B1218 (NY, MO). Rondônia: W. Thomas et al. 5023 (MO, NY). Roraima: G.H. Tate 107 (NY). São Paulo: A. Macedo 693 (S); C.W. Mosén 22 (S).

FRENCH GUIANA. Fide G. Léotard (pers. com.).

GUYANA. R. Schomburgk 511 (BM).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Est. Biológica del Beni, E. Villanueva et al. 859 (F, LPB). Chuquisaca: Calvo, Sierra Mandiyapecua, E. Saravia et al. 11740 (LPB). La Paz: Inquisivi, Cahuata-Miguillas, T. Ortuño et al. 346 (K, LPB); Nor Yungas, J. Solomon et al. 18973 (MO, K, LPB, USZ). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, Serranía de Mutún, D. Villarroel et al. 2053 (USZ); Ibañez, A. Fuentes 393 (BOLV, LPB, MO, NY, USZ); Velasco, Bajo Paraguá, T.J. Killeen & J. Wellens 6274 (ARIZ, BOLV, LPB, NY, MO, USZ). Tarija: Gran Chaco, west of Villamontes, A. Krapovickas & A. Schinini 39175 (CTES, LPB).

PERU. Amazonas: R. Ferreyra 13337 (MO). Cajamarca: F. Woytkowski 6863 (MO). Cusco: La Convención, Y. Mexia 8041 (BM). Junín: A. Gentry & G.T. Prance 16405 (MO). Lambayeque: A. Gentry et al. 22600 (MO). Loreto: M. Rimachi 10498 (MO, USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, Chontabamba, R. Rojas et al. 2337 (MO). San Martín: Chazuta, Río Huallaga, Klug 4021 (BM); F. Woytkowski 35037 (MO, S); G. Klug 3442 (MO, S).

ECUADOR. El Oro: G. Harling & L. Andersson 13416 (MO). Guayas: Guayaquil, Pavón s.n. (BM); C. E. Cerón et al. 19963 (MO). Imbabura: L.B. Holm-Nielsen & J. Jaramillo 28916 (MO). Loja: B. Klitgaard et al. 466 (AAU). Manabí: C. Cerón et al. 6742 (MO).

COLOMBIA. Atlántico: A. Dugand 4032 (COL, US). Antioquia: R. Callejas & A. Echeverri 11461 (MO). Bolívar: A. Dugand & R. Jaramillo 2846 (COL, US); R. Romero C. 9256 (COL). Boyacá: A.E. Lawrance 223 (BM, MO). Caldas: G. Lozano 5967 (COL). Cesar: Chimichagua, O. Rivera-Díaz 3307 (COL). La Guajira: T. Saravia 2308 (COL). Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1587 (BM, COL, F, GH, MICH, MO, S). Norte de Santander: J. Cuatrecasas 16264 (COL). Quindío: M.C. Vélez et al. 551 (COL). Santander: J.L. Fernández 20863 (COL). Sucre: L.H. Soto & H. Giraldo 64 (MO). Valle: I. Cabrera 7023 (MO).

VENEZUELA. Bolívar: B.K. Holst & H. Van de Werff 2521 (MO). Dist. Fed.: Caracas, La Florida, A.H.G. Alston 5445 (BM, S). Guárico: G. Davidse 4192 (MO). Nueva Esparta: Margarita Island: O.O. Miller & J. Johnston 75 (BM). Portuguesa: F.J. Ortega 539 (MO). Sucre: Peninsula de Paria, J. Steyermark & M. Rabe 96440 (MO).

PANAMA. T. Croat 12911 (MO); Hunter & Allen 9 (S); Alhajuela, H. Pittier 2341 (BM); J. A. Duke 6063 (E, MO).

COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, U. Chavarria 1098 (BM, MO); Puntarenas, M.H. Grayum & B. Hammel 9564 (BM, MO); H. Pittier 13670 (K); Nicoya, A. Tonduz 13670 (BM).

NICARAGUA. Managua, W.D. Stevens 5354 (BM, MO); peninsula de Coseguina, S. Marshall 6621 (BM, F).

EL SALVADOR. Ahuachapán, J.M. Rosales 1764 (BM, LAGU); P.C. Standley 19569 (US).

HONDURAS. Tiger Island, G.W. Barclay 2560 (BM); A. Molina 718 (F).

BELIZE. Cayo, C. Whitefoord 2201 (BM); H.H. Bartlett 369 (US, MO, MEXU, F); Corozal, P. H. Gentle 839 (MO).

GUATEMALA. Petén, R. Tun Ortiz 662 (BM, F), ibid., 526 (BM, F); Lago Petén Itzá, B. Wallnöfer 9536 (K, W).

MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Rancho Palmilla, A. Carter & F. Chisaki 3598 (BM, UC); La Junta, I.L. Wiggins 15386 (CAS, K). Campeche: Kalkiní-El Remate, M. Peña-Chocarro et al. 590 (BM); Calakmul, E. Martínez et al. 31473 (BM, MEXU). Chiapas: Acacoyagua, E. Matuda 17398 (K). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Temascaltepec, G.B. Hinton 1759 (BM, K). Guerrero: Coyuca, G.B. Hinton 6875 (BM, K); Acapulco, W. Hancock 32 (K). Jalisco: M.G. Ayala 983 (K, MEXU); Ajijic, Harker & Mellowes 1 (BM). Michoacán: Huetamo, G.B. Hinton 7114 (BM, K); Coalcomán, G.B. Hinton 12333 (K); Churumuco, K.B. Hernández & L. Sánchez 74 (K). Nayarit: Yxtlan del Rio, Y. Mejia 748 (BM, MO). Oaxaca: C. Conzatti 4433 (US). Querétaro: Landa de Matamoros, L.J. Ramos 1401 (K). Quintana Roo: Pucté, O. Téllez & E. Cabrera 1258 (BM, MEXU). San Luís Potosí: M.T. Edwards 484 (F). Sinaloa: W.G. Wright 1269 (US). Sonora: E. Palmer 310 (US). Tamaulipas: R.M. King 3810 (NY). Veracruz: San Miguel, L. Monroy et al. 93 (BM). Yucatán: Chichankanab, G.F. Gaumer 2124 (BM).

UNITED STATES. Florida: J.R. Buckhalter 12850 (UWFP). Georgia: L.C. Anderson 3786 (FSU). Louisiana: C.B. Coryell 21 (LSU). Mississippi: B. Parajuli 5 (NKU). North Carolina: Kitching s,n. [1/10/1906] (BM). Texas: S.M. Tracy 7718 (BM).

BAHAMAS. A.R. Northrup 120 (K); D.S. Correll et al. 49560 (NY).

CUBA. Bro. Clemente 6303 (HAJB); López Figueras 439 (HAJB), 686 (HAJB). Cienfuegos: Soledad, J.G. Jack 6571 (A, K, P). Holguín: Sierra de Nipe, E.L. Ekman 10705 (BM, K, S).

CAYMAN ISLANDS. M. Brunt 1688 (BM).

JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 20563 (BM), 15885 (BM); T.G. Yuncker 17210 (S); L. Wynter 747 (K); C.R. Orcutt 3428 (K, UC, US).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H2093 (S), 9091 (S); L.R. Holdridge 1814 (NY).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. M. Fuertes 1360 (BM, K, S); W. Greuter & R. Rankin 24912 (B, K, S); E.L. Ekman H11155 (K, S).

PUERTO RICO. F. Axelrod & P. Chávez 7315 (K); D.E. Atha & T. Zanoni 794 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St Croix, F.R. Fosberg 59368 (BM, US). St Kitts: G.R. Proctor 18483 (BM). Antigua: H.E. Box 1266 (BM, US). Montserrat: J.A. Shafer 132 (NY, US). Guadeloupe: A. Duss 2477 (NY, US). Dominica: fide Powell (1979). Martinique: fide Powell (1979). St Lucia: R.A. Howard et al. 19984 (BM). St Vincent: H.H. & G.W. Smith 172 (K, NY); Cannuoan Island, R.A. Howard 11117 (A, BM, NY). Grenada: fide Powell (1979). Barbados: fide Powell (1979).

TRINIDAD. Baker & Simmonds 14838 (K); Gasparee Island, N.L. Britton 2792 (NY); Pinte Gourde, N.L. Britton & W.E. Broadway 2651 (NY).

HAWAII. Cultivated fide St John (1973).

Typifications.

There appears to be no specimen at W of Ipomoea luteola , so we have designated the corresponding plate as the type. This is a yellow-flowered form of this normally red-flowered species.

In designating a lectotype for Convolvulus angulatus Lam. we have chosen the most complete of the three specimens in the Lamarck herbarium, the specimen being attributed to Sonnerat.

We have designated the BM specimen of Jameson 395 as the lectotype of Ipomoea nephrophylla as the specimen at K is Ipomoea abutiloides . At some stage labels must have been mixed and this may have happened with other duplicates of this number, which we have not traced.

Notes.

A lowland species that can be recognised by the very short sepals and, in fruit, by the erect peduncle and muticous capsule. It has commonly been misidentified as I. coccinea L., a species which is endemic to the south east of the United States.

Ipomoea praematura was based on a cultivated plant grown in Toronto from seeds collected in Grenada. This seems at best a form of the widespread I. hederifolia and is not recognised here. It is distinguished with difficulty from a widespread and variable I. hederifolia by the greenish-pink corolla tube, the limb alternating pink and orange and the ovoid, acute capsule with persistent valves but these differences do not seem significant.

Figures

Figure 10. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. triloba (D'Arcy 317) B I. cryptica (Steinbach 6311) C I. purpurea (Parada & Rojas 2664) D I. alba (Wood et al. 27828) E I. dumosa (Hinton et al. 9479) F I. hederifolia (Queiroz 15975) G I. stans (Y. Mexia 275112) H I. suffulta (Pringle 4755). Photos by Robert Scotland.

Figure 136. Photographs of Ipomoea species A I. retropilosa subsp. cundinamarcana B I. lobata C I. quamoclit D I. hederifolia. A Jhon Infante-Betancourt B Alamy Ltd. C Ramona Oviedo D Amed Pupo.