Dolerus (Equidolerus) subfasciatus F. Smith, 1874

Heidemaa, Mikk, Smith, David R. & Shinohara, Akihiko, 2012, Taxonomy of Dolerus subfasciatus auct. and D. subfasciatus F. Smith with notes on the sawfly subgenus Equidolerus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 3525, pp. 1-17 : 6-8

Dolerus (Equidolerus) subfasciatus F. Smith, 1874

Table 1 ; Figs 1–3 , 7–8 , (18–20)

Dolerus subfasciatus F. Smith, 1874: 384 . Type locality: Hiogo [= Hyogo, Japan]. Lectotype female examined (designated in Kirby 1882); condition satisfactory (left flagellum, left hind legs and right middle leg partly missing); BMNH. Labelled: " Type H.T." [printed circular pale label with wide red margin], "B.M. TYPE HYM 1.253." [printed square-shaped pale label, the number handwritten], square-shaped pale label: "Hiogo" [= Hyogo, handwritten] " Japan." [printed], "74/6" [circular pale handwritten, date?], " Dolerus subfasciatus [Type?] Smith" [pale rectangular handwritten], "Kb. […?]" [pale hand-written, partly unreadable], " LECTOTYPUS Ƥ DOLERUS SUBFASCIATUS F.SMITH DES. IN KIRBY 1882 " [red, handwritten in capital letters].

Dolerus picinus Marlatt, 1898: 504 . Lectotype Ƥ here designated; condition poor (mouldy, 4 apical flagellomeres of the left flagellum, left hind leg starting from metafemur and apical tarsomere of the right leg missing); USNM. Labels as in Fig. 18 and "[Red label] LECTOTYPUS [printed] Ƥ 2012 DOLERUS PICINUS MARLATT, 1898 [handwritten in block letters] M.Heidemaa des. [printed]"; " Dolerus (Equidolerus) subfasciatus F. Smith, 1874 Det. M.Heidemaa " [white, framed, printed]; USNM. Paralectotype 3, labels as in Fig. 19 and " PARALECTOTYPUS 3 … 2012" [… as in lectotype but all handwritten in block letters], " Dolerus (Dolerus) japonicus Kirby, 1882 Det. M.Heidemaa " [white, framed, printed]; USNM (see taxonomic notes).

Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic, at present known only from Japan (Honshu and Shikoku) but may occur in adjacent territories. Material examined is from the following prefectures: HONSHU: Akita, Chiba, Gifu, Gunma, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kanagawa, Kyoto, Nagano, Nara, Niigata, Osaka, Saitama, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokyo, SHIKOKU: Ehime. Some collection records of this species have been published, e.g., by Naito et al. (2004), however, males of this species should be re-examined because D. japonicus males have sometimes been misidentified as males of D. subfasciatus in collections.

Specimens studied (NSMT if not stated otherwise). JAPAN: HONSHU: Nyuto spa, 800m, Akita Pref., 10.VI.2009, T. Naito [leg.], 1Ƥ13; Hachimantai, 1400m, Iwate Pref., 9.VI.2009, T. Naito [leg.], 2Ƥ; Komenoi, Toride-shi, Ibaraki, 8.V.1993, H. Hamaji [leg.], 2Ƥ; Daigo, Ibaraki, 5.IV.2002, A. Shinohara [leg.], 23; Ouchi, Bato, Tochigi Pref., 4-5.V.1993, A. & T. Shinohara [leg.], 13; same collecting data but 5-7. V.1994, 5 Ƥ13; same locality 4.V.1996, A. Ta. N. & To. Shinohara [leg.], 13; same locality 6.IV.2002, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13; Ouchi, Bato, Tochigi Pref. 4-5.V 1993, A.&T. Shinohara [leg.], 13, (misidentified as D. ephippiatus male by A. Haris); same collecting data, 6.IV 2002, 13; Yumoto 1600m, Nikko, Tochigi, 14.VI.1971, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 5.VI.1977, 1Ƥ; Marunuma, 1420m, Gunma, 3.VI.1971, Ishikawa & Kachi [leg.], 1Ƥ; Tokorozawa, Saitama, 17.V.1931, S. Fujii [leg.], 1Ƥ; Shiki, Saitama, 28.IV.1969, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 11.IV.1970, 13; same collecting data but 24.IV.1970, 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 22.IV.1972, 1Ƥ; Tateyama, Chiba, 15.IV.1931, K. Sato [leg.], 2Ƥ13; Chikura, Chiba, 15.IV.1931, K. Sato [leg.], 1Ƥ; Mt.Kiyosumi, Chiba, 16.IV.1931, K. Sato [leg.], 13; Kashiwa-city, Chiba pref., 28.III.1971, A. Shinohara [leg.], 23; Imperial Palace, Fukiage Gyoen, Tokyo, 16.IV.1997, M. Tomokuni [leg.],2Ƥ13; same locality, 07.IV.1999, A. Shimizu [leg.], 3Ƥ; same locality, 07.IV.1999, T. Nambu [leg.], 1Ƥ; same locality, 16.IV.2001, T. Nambu [leg.], 1Ƥ; Kinuta, Tokyo, 10.IV.1959, Y. Kurosawa [leg.], 13; Takao, Tokyo, 19.IV.1931, S. Asahina [leg.], 13; Takaoyama, Tokyo, 6.V.1936, S. Asahina [leg.], 1Ƥ; Mt.Takao-san, Tokyo, 10.IV.1979, T. Niisato [leg.], 13; Hikagezawa, Mt.Takao, Tokyo, 19.IV.1973, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13; same locality, 17.IV.1977, N. Matsuba [leg.], 23; same locality, 24.IV.1977, N. Matsuba [leg.], 13; same locality, 24.IV.1994, M. Tomokuni [leg.], 1Ƥ; same locality, 21.IV.1996, A. Shinohara [leg.],1Ƥ; same locality, 19.IV.1998, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; Kamiange, Mt. Jinba, Tokyo, 8.V.1977, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 17.V.1992, 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 5.V.1997, 1Ƥ; same locality, 30.IV.1977, N. Matsuba [leg.], 13; same locality, 27.IV.1996, A. & T. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ13; Uratakao, Tokyo, 23.III.1967, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13; Kariyosezawa, Itsukaichi, Tokyo, 29.IV.1977, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; Tamagawa, Tokyo, 14.IV.1929. H. Sugiura [leg.], 1Ƥ; same locality, 17.IV.1929, S. Fujii [leg.], 1Ƥ; Kobotoke-toge, Tokyo, 23.IV.1967, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; Yokohama, Kanagawa, 11.IV.1930, K. Sato [leg.], 13; same collecting data but 20.IV.1930, 13; same collecting data but 29.IV.1955, 1Ƥ; same collecting data but 21.IV.1957, 1Ƥ; same locality, 25.IV.1929, S. Fujii [leg.], 1Ƥ; Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 15.IV.1928, K. Sato [leg.], 2Ƥ; same locality 19.IV.1972, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; Baba-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 22.IV.1955, K. Sato. [leg.], 1Ƥ; Sugita, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 6.IV.1930, K. Sato [leg.], 1Ƥ33; same collecting data but 7.IV.1928, 13; Gumyoji, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 20.IV.1930, K. Sato [leg.], 2Ƥ; Shinohara-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 23.IV.1955, K. Sato [leg.], 1Ƥ; Chigasaki, Kanagawa Pref., 25.IV.1967, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13; Tsukui-ko, Kanagawa, 20.IV.1969, A. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ13; Shimogamo-onsen, Shizuoka Pref., 3.IV.1996, A. & T. Shinohara [leg.], 1Ƥ; Shibakawa, Shizuoka, 29.III.1972, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13; Sasagamine 1300m, Niigata Pref., 26.V.2009, T. Naito [leg.], 2Ƥ; Niigata Pref. Sasagamine 1300m, 26.V 2009, T. Naito [leg.], 1Ƥ; Mt. Amakazari 1200m, Nagano Pref., 28.V.2008, T. Naito [leg.], 1Ƥ; Yamada, Nagano, 18.V.1932, K. Sato [leg.], 1Ƥ; Nagano, Nagano, 16.V.1932, K. Sato [leg.], 1Ƥ; Gifu, Japan, 5. V [19]18, 1Ƥ, Dolerus picinus Marl. Ƥ det.Takeuchi, MZAT (coll. R. Forsius); Mt. Uwanai [in Ishikawa Pref.], 1Ƥ, D. picinus Marlatt , ZMH (coll. E. Lindqvist); Asakayama-cho, Kameyama-shi, Kyoto., 26.IV.1994, H. Hamaji [leg.], 6Ƥ; Ikuecho, Osaka, 22.III.1928, C. Takeuchi [leg.], 2Ƥ33; Nara Park, Nara, 17.IV.1929, C. Teranishi [leg.], 13; Yoshino, 700m, Nara Pref., 1.V.2008, T. Naito [leg.], 2Ƥ; Mt. Ooginosen, 200m, Hyogo Pref., 8.V.2007, T. Naito [leg.], 1Ƥ; Nishiwaki, 100m, Hyogo Pref., 8.IV.2009, T. Naito [leg.], 2Ƥ; Nishiwaki, Hyogo Pref., 29-IV-1962, R. Inomata [leg.], 1Ƥ, SDEI; same collecting data but 12-IV-1960, 13, SDEI; same collecting data but 8.IV 2009, 2Ƥ; Hyogo Pref., Mt. Hinakura 1000m, 6.V 2008 T. Naito [leg.], 1Ƥ. SHIKOKU, Nanokawagoe, 1450m, Ishizuchi-yama Mts., Ehime Pref., 9.V.2005, A. Shinohara [leg.], 13.

Host plant. Okutani (1967) recorded Equisetum arvense as a host of this species (under the erroneous name " D. umbraticus Marlatt, 1898 " (currently a synonym of D. ephippiatus F. Smith, 1874 [a species associated with Poodolerus ]), see Okutani 1970, for a correction of the name.

Taxonomic notes. The number of female syntypes of Dolerus subfasciatus was not specified in the original description but the statement "a. Ƥ. (Type.) Hiogo [= Hyogo, Japan]. G. Lewis, Esq. [= Esquier?]" in Kirby (1882), referring to one certain syntype female, is a valid lectotype designation in accordance with Article 74.6 ( ICZN 1999). This is the only female with such label data in the BMNH.

Equidolerus species which include specimens with a black abdomen (e.g., D. gessneri ) and some other species with a partially red abdomen (e.g., the Nearctic D. (E.) frisoni Ross, 1931 ), also differ from D. subfasciatus by their distinctly striated (with keel-like sculpticells), largely matt terga.

Dolerus picinus was correctly regarded as a synonym of D. subfasciatus by Benson (1956). Benson (1962) mistakenly synonymized D. picinus rhodogaster and D. pseudoanticus with D. subfasciatus (the male of the latter species was not known to him, but he did examine the male of D. neoaprilis ). The original description of D. picinus was based on a syntype series of 6Ƥ and 43 from “Gifu and zuzushi”, Japan ( Marlatt 1898). The original collection labels of the available syntypes ( Figs 18–19 ), which were given to the USNM by Dr. K. Mitsukuri of Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan as a present, were handwritten by a Japanese collector and could read “Gifu, Tsutsumi” not “Gifu and zuzushi” as given by Marlatt (1898). “Gifu” indicates the name of a locality, but “Zuzushi” (spelled in Marlatt 1898 also “Gifu zuzushi” in case of some other species) is a strange and inexplicable word. Probably this is not a locality name, but corresponds with “tsutsumi” which is a common word for a river bank, a likely habitat for some Dolerus species. Marlatt did not designate a holotype. Only one female and one male of the type series were found in USNM. All should have the red type labels “[sex] Type 3837 U.S. N.M”. The two syntypes of D. picinus belong to D. japonicus (paralectotype male) and D. subfasciatus (lectotype female). The genital capsule without penis valves is stored inside a microvial pinned with the specimen. Because the microscope slide with penis valves of the paralectotype was not found, the male genitalia of a conspecific male (belonging also to D. japonicus and misidentified as D. picinus by S.A. Rohwer; now in MZAT) with identical locality label in Japanese ( Fig. 20 ) as in the paralectotype male ( Fig. 19 ) are illustrated ( Figs 9–10 ). It cannot be excluded that the male in MZAT which is identical with the misidentified paralectotype of D. picinus bearing the same locality label, is one of the missing syntypes of D. picinus . This misidentified male and one correctly identified female of D. japonicus (both now in MZAT), all bearing identification labels written by Rohwer ( Fig. 20 ) and the locality labels in Japanese ( Figs 18–20 ), match the specimens presented by K. Mitsukuri to C. L. Marlatt for determination (see Marlatt 1898 for details). The males of D. japonicus were certainly mistaken as D. picinus (= D. subfasciatus ) by Marlatt and Rohwer, and the males of D. neoaprilis as D. subfasciatus by most authors.

We found also that the syntype male of D. yokohamensis Rohwer ("Allotype No 27302 U.S. N.M.", [red printed label], " Dolerus yokohamensis allotype 3 Roh.", [white handwritten label with black printed frame]) is a misidentified male of D. subfasciatus . Because Rohwer’s type series of D. yokohamensis is a mixed series, and he did not designate a holotype in the original description ("1Ƥ13"), we here designate the female as lectotype so that the species names will be applied correctly in the future. The lectotype (USNM) is labelled: "No. 3", "Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 14-24 ", "S. I. Kuwana coll. ", " Type No. 27302, U.S. N.M.", " Dolerus yokohamensis Roh. , TYPE Ƥ".

Though the penis valve of D. subfasciatus was apparently first sketched by Haris (2001), most likely based on a specimen from NSMT, the male of this species has been known to Japanese sawfly taxonomists for a long time (e.g., a male in SDEI from Nishiwaki identified by T. Naito, see above). Togashi (1962, 2000) also recorded males of this species, but the male recorded by Togashi (2000) was collected in October, suggesting a possible misidentification for D. japonicus .

Despite their very different penis valves, D. subfasciatus ( Fig. 8 ) and D. japonicus ( Fig. 10 ) often are found mixed in collections, possibly because of their similar habitus and colour pattern. The male of D. subfasciatus also can be separated from D. japonicus by the clypeal emargination at least half the length of the clypeus (clearly less than half of the clypeus length in D. japonicus ), abdominal terga with distinct sculpture, and by the colour of tergum 3, which normally has at least some traces of reddish brown (black in D. japonicus males). The Japanese name of Dolerus japonicus is " Osu-guro-habachi " meaning that the male is black ( Nakagawa 1902, Harukawa & Kumashiro 1930). Togashi (1970) described the male internal reproductive organs of D. picinus , but the specimens used should be verified whether they belong to D. subfasciatus and not to some misidentified male of D. japonicus .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 3. Lancets (valvulae 1) of lectotype females: 1, D. (E.) subfasciatus (photo used with permission of BMNH); 2, D. picinus (= D. subfasciatus). 3, Digital overlay of the ovipositor images of lectotypes (Figs 1 – 2) for their visual comparison (nine encircled crosses correspond to landmarks).

FIGURES 7 – 10. Male genitalia: 7, D. (E.) subfasciatus (= D. picinus, NSMT): genital capsule in dorsal view; 8, right penis valve in lateral outer aspect; D. (D.) japonicus: 9, genital capsule in dorsal view (specimen from MZAT, see taxonomic notes for additional information); 10, right penis valve in lateral outer aspect.

FIGURES 18 – 20. Labels from types / essential specimens (see taxonomic notes under D. subfasciatus for details): 18, D. picinus lectotype female; 19, D. picinus paralectotype male; 20, D. picinus male (possible syntype, MZAT).