Cladorhiza caillieti, Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin, 2014

Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M. & Austin, William C., 2014, Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific, Zootaxa 3786 (2), pp. 101-123 : 112-116

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C3B70D0-4092-4ACC-A134-1CEC31E232C7
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4913438
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6548780-9D3A-FFCE-E3EF-FAE5F692FC56
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cladorhiza caillieti
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Cladorhiza caillieti View in CoL sp. nov.

Figs. 7–9 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9

Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 194449 ; MBARI specimen D266-A1d; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m . Paratypes: MBARI specimen D266-A1a ( CASIZ 192776 ),b ( CASIZ 192777 ),c ( CASIZ 192778 ); collected by ROV Doc Ricketts August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m .

Type locality. Endeavor Segment , Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada .

Etymology. Named in honor of Gregor M. Cailliet, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for his contributions to ichthyology and deep-sea biology and for providing mentorship and inspiration to graduates of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, including the first author.

Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae unbranched, with bottle-brush filament arrangement, two size classes of fusiform megasleres, four microsclere types including flat sigmas in two size classes, a third, thin, contort sigma, a sigmancistra, and two size classes of unguiferate anisochelae.

Description. A stipitate sponge with bottle-brush filament arrangement ( Fig. 7A–C View FIGURE 7 ). One collected specimen with partial rhizoid ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 ); three others broken but assumed to have had rhizoid as well. Holotype: 7 cm long, 2.1 mm wide, filaments up to 1.72 cm long ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 left & D). Paratypes (a) 9.13 cm long, 2.6 mm wide at base, (b) 8.7 cm long, 2.3 mm wide at base; specimen, (c) 5.4 cm long (appears broken), 3.6 mm wide at base. Long, fragile filaments, up to 1.72 cm long, which break off easily. White in situ and in preserved state.

Spicules. Large styles 1 ( Figs. 8A View FIGURE 8 , Table 1 View TABLE 1 ) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded common in axis and filament: L 1371.58 ± 104.91 µm (n=155), W 34.38 ± 6.92 µm (n=155). Large style 2 ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ) fusiform, straight more abundant in filament and rhizoid: L 807.22 ± 174.02 µm (n=237), W 18.04 ± 5.62. Large style 3 ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ) non-fusiform, straight common throughout but more abundant in filaments and rhizoid: L 381.9 ± 87.04 µm, W 10.74 ± 2.14 µm (n=103). Sigma 1 ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ) robust, “flat back”, common in filaments, rare in axis: L 160.1 ± 11.87 (n=105). Sigma 2 ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ) flat, small abundant in filaments but rare in axis: L 95.58 ± 18.55 µm (n=89). Sigma 3: ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 ) thin, contort common in axis, filaments, and rhizoid: L 96.17 ± 16.61 (n=60). Sigmancistras ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ) small, contort abundant in filaments and axis: L 44.05 ± 2.28 µm (n=150). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae typically five teeth on head, 3–4 teeth on foot, abundant on filaments and axis. Anisochelae in two size classes: anisochelae 1 ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ): L 33.98 ± 2.24 (n=150); anisochelae 2 ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ): L 18.88 ± 1.67 (n=150).

Habitat and associated fauna. Cladorhiza caillieti was observed and collected on the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge where lava flows had very little sediment cover, if at all. They were often observed in a downward facing position, hanging from the underside of overhanging ledges of basalt ( Fig. 7A–B View FIGURE 7 ). Other organisms observed in this community included Primnoidae and Swiftia sp. of Gorgonacea, Anthomastus sp. of Alcyonacea , serpulid polychaete worms, comatulid crinoids, and numerous unidentified species of sponges. Average depth of observation was 2149 m (±172; n=5), oxygen concentration was 1.46 ml/L (±0.11; n=5), and temperature averaged 1.87 °C (±0.05; n=5). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on C. caillieti ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ).

Remarks. Thirty-six other species of Cladorhiza are currently recognized ( Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest et al., 2013) from sublittoral (110 m) to hadal (7295 m) depths. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from all other Cladorhiza in several ways including having different shape and two size classes of anisochelae, three different sigmas (including large flat-backed sigmas, smaller smooth sigmas, and even smaller thin, contort sigmas), and one size of sigmancistra. Cladorhiza caillieti differs from C. evae sp. nov. (described below) in spicule size classes and types. Cladorhiza caillieti has two size classes of anisochelae, the presence of a small, contort sigma, and nonfusiform small styles.