Phortica, Schiner, 1862

Chen, Hong-Wei, Gao, Jian-Jun & Wen, Shuo-Yang, 2005, Species diversity of the genus Phortica Schiner in Yunnan, China, with descriptions of nine new species (Diptera, Drosophildae), Journal of Natural History 39 (46), pp. 3951-3978 : 3974-3977

Key to all species examined of the genus Phortica from Yunnan, China

Male

0 Ocellar tubercle with additional pair of small setae below ocellars; proclinate orbital seta nearer to inner vertical seta than to ptilinal fissure; palpus with hollow sense organ; aedeagal apodeme laterally flattened (genus Phortica )..... 1

1. Interfrontal setae thick, and dense; male arista usually swollen apically; all tibiae lacking dark rings; tenth sternite absent; paramere short rod-shaped, apically knobbed, basally with any sensilla ( foliiseta species-complex)...... 2

– Interfrontal setae thin and sparse; arista not swollen apically; tibiae with dark rings; tenth sternite present; paramere with sensilla apically........ 5

2. Surstylus with prensisetae; aedeagal outer membrane with numerous, little, triangular spinules.......... longipenis Chen and Gao , sp. n.

– Surstylus without prensisetae; aedeagal outer membrane lacking spine-like ones. 3

3. Arista basally with two dorsal branches; vertical process of gonopod apically with only one projection........... speculum (Máca and Lin)

– Arista basally without distinct dorsal branches; vertical process of gonopod apically with two projections................ 4

4. Arista apically arrow-shaped; right lateral lobe of vertical process of gonopod with two pointed projections; paramere slightly curved distally.................... sagittaristula Chen and Wen , sp. nov.

– Arista tip broadened, broader than its two-thirds length; right lateral lobe of vertical process of gonopod with one pointed projection; paramere strongly curved distally............ saltiaristula Chen and Wen , sp. nov.

5. Paramere deeply bifurcated from base ( omega species-complex)..... 6

– Paramere branched distally or submedially............ 7

6. Sixth tergite with two prickly processes on lateral margins........................ biprotrusa (Chen and Toda)

– Sixth tergite only one prickly process and dense long setae each at anterior and posterior corners of lateral margins.......... omega (Okada)

7. Surstylus with black, long, thick spine-like prensisetae on apical margin... 8

– Surstylus without long and thick spine-like prensisetae on apical margin... 9

8. Surstylus with three long and three short spine-like prensisetae................ pseudogigas (Zhang and Gan)

– Surstylus with only one spine-like prensisetae ( magna species-complex)................ bicornuta (Chen and Toda)

9. Arista only with four to six minute, dorsal branches; cercus apically with two to three setae much longer than the length of cercus... hani (Zhand and Shi)

– Arista with long dorsal branches; cercus apically without long seta.... 10

10. Anepisternum with setulae............... 11

– Anepisternum lacking setula............... 15

11. Paramere submedially pubescent; vertical process of gonopod slightly narrowed and sclerotized apically........ latipenis Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

– Paramere lacking pubescence; vertical process of gonopod not narrowed and unsclerotized................... 12

12. Paramere with slender secondary process........... 13

– Paramere without slender secondary process.......... 14

13. Paramere: thick process apically with two sharp projections, subapically with about three sensilla; thin process without tooth; branch of aedeagal basal bridge with two dendric arms apically bifid....... bipartite (Toda and Peng)

– Paramere: thick process with one sensillum and two small teeth; thin process with one tooth apically; branch of aedeagal basal bridge large, single................... unipetala Chen and Wen , sp. nov.

14. Paramere subapically with one acute process; aedeagal median rod without processes........... setitabula Chen and Wen , sp. nov.

– Paramere apically with small triangle, lobe-shaped process; aedeagal median rod subapically with one pair of processes.... pangi Chen and Wen , sp. nov.

15. Sixth tergite constricted at anterior corner of lateral margins..... 16

– Sixth tergite not constricted at anterior corner of lateral margins.... 17

16. Arista with only one, very short ventral branch; vertical process of gonopod not narrowed and unsclerotized apically.......... cardua (Okada)

– Arista with two to three ventral branches; vertical process of gonopod narrowed and sclerotized apically....... glabtabula Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

17. Paramere tripartite distally ( variegata species-complex)....... 18

– Paramere not tripartite distally.............. 26

18. Median process of paramere tongue- or finger-shaped; basal process apically with tooth and sensillum................. 19

– Median process of paramere apically with tooth and sensillum; basal process tongue- or finger-shaped................ 23

19. Aedeagal median rod strongly sclerotized, black; vertical process of gonopod sclerotized on lateral margins, basally with one pair of pointed processes.................... lambda (Toda and Peng)

– Aedeagal median rod and vertical process of gonopod slightly sclerotized, not black...................... 20

20. Aedeagal outer membrane lacking transparent, minute spinules; subbasal processes of aedeagal median rod fused to each other to one triangle..................... saeta (Zhang and Gan)

– Aedeagal outer membrane with transparent, minute spinules; subbasal processes of aedeagal median rod separated from each other........ 21

21. Aedeagal median rod submedially with pair of distinct long, lobe-shaped projections............. acongruens (Zhang and Shi)

– Aedeagal median rod distally without distinct long, lobe-shaped projection. 22

22. Aedeagal median rod submedially with two different-size projections..................... gamma (Toda and Peng)

– Aedeagal median rod submedially with two same-size projections..................... eugamma (Toda and Peng)

23. Additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod with one pair of sclerotized processes.................... 24

– Additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod with two pairs of sclerotized processes.................... 25

24. Vertical process of gonopod with six to seven pairs of sawtooth-shaped processes........... uncinata Chen and Gao , sp. nov.

– Vertical process of gonopod with two pairs of strongly sclerotized horn-like processes apically and basally; apical process small; basal very long..................... pseudopi (Toda and Peng)

25. Process of additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod not strongly sclerotized; ventral with small triangular warts and fine wrinkles on surface.................... tau (Toda and Peng)

– Process of additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod strongly sclerotized, without small triangular warts and fine wrinkles on surface....................... pseudotau (Toda and Peng)

26. Vertical process of gonopod very narrow, basally to submedially rod-like; aedeagal median rod constricted at basal one-third....... subradiata (Okada)

– Vertical process of gonopod broad, lobe-like; aedeagal median rod nearly continuous throughout length.............. 27

27. Arista without distinct ventral branch; sixth tergite with one spine-shaped process on anterior corner of lateral margins...... protrusa (Zhang and Shi)

– Arista with distinct ventral branch; sixth tergite lacking process on anterior corner of lateral margins.................. 28

28. Mid tibia subapically lacking special longer erect setae on anterior surface; aedeagal outer membrane with transparent, minute sawtooth-shaped processes; additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod unsclerotized...................... flexuosa (Zhang and Gan)

– Mid tibia subapically with two to four longer erect setae on anterior surface; aedeagal outer membrane lacking processes; additional bridge between aedeagus and gonopod sclerotized rod-like..... excrescentiosa (Toda and Peng)