Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) thuriferus Ferragut, 2012

Ferragut, Francisco & Ueckermann, Edward A., 2012, A new species and new records of the subgenus Typhlodromus Scheuten from Spain, with a key to the world species (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Journal of Natural History 46 (27 - 28), pp. 1731-1745 : 1735-1743

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) thuriferus Ferragut , sp.nov.

( Figures 1 , 2 )

Diagnosis

Medium-sized phytoseiid mite weakly sclerotized, with elongated palps reaching tarsus of leg I. Dorsal setae short, S4 similar in length to Z4, r3 similar to R1 and Z5 1.5 times longer than Z4. With three pairs of dorsal solenostomes, gd2, gd6 and gd9. Peritreme relatively short reaching level between setae z2 and z3. Ventrianal shield pentagonal, with three pairs of preanal setae and without preanal pores. Chelicerae with three or four teeth on fixed digit and one tooth on movable digit. Calyx of spermatheca cupshaped with the atrium inserted at the base of calyx. Genu II with seven setae. Three macrosetae on leg IV.

Female ( Figure 1 )

Measurements of holotype followed by the respective ranges of nine paratype females in parentheses.

Dorsum ( Figure 1A ). Dorsal shield suboval, weakly ornamented on podonotum, except for lateral margins, opisthonotum strongly reticulated 325 (325–352) long and 164 (154–170) wide (at level of s4). With three pairs of dorsal solenostomes: gd2, gd6 and gd9. Seventeen pairs of short, smooth and acute setae on dorsal shield (dorsal setal pattern 12A:7A according to Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1991) except Z5, which is slightly serrated. Measurements of dorsal and sublateral setae as follows: j1 17 (17–20); j3 18 (16–20); j4 12 (11–13); j5 12 (12–13); j6 14 (13–15); J2 15 (13–15); J5 5 (5–6); z2 13 (12–16); z3 16 (14–17); z4 14 (14–16); z5 12 (11–14); Z4 18 (18–20); Z5 28 (27–31); s4 17 (16–18); s6 17 (16–18); S2 18 (17–19); S4 21 (18–22); r3 19 (18–21); R1 18 (16–20). Ratio S4 / Z4: 1.1; ratio Z5 / Z4: 1.5; ratio r3 / R1: ≈1.0. Seta r3 blunt, seta R1 pointed.

Peritreme. Reaching the level of seta z2 or between z2 and z3.

Venter ( Figure 1B ). Sternal shield smooth, with two pairs of setae and two pairs of lyrifissures. Posterior margin concave. Setae st3 and st4 on metasternal platelets. Distances between setae st1–st1: 46 (44–48), st2–st2: 55 (53–56), st3–st3: 68 (65–71), st1–st3: 35 (32–36). Genital shield narrower than ventrianal shield, 68 (68–77) wide. Four slender platelets between the genital and ventrianal shields. Ventrianal shield smooth, with three pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, ZV2), without preanal solenostomes and widest at level of ZV2. Anterior margin convex, lateral margins concave behind ZV2; 98 (98–110) long, 78 (78–92) wide. Bacillary platelets near the anterior corners. Four pairs of setae (including JV5) and four pairs of poroids flanking ventrianal shield; JV5 smooth and pointed, 29 long (28–30). Bacillary or fusiform primary metapodal shield, 26 (25–30) long.

Spermatheca ( Figure 1C ). Calyx of spermatheca cup-shaped, 15 (15–17) long, with sclerotized walls. Atrium located at base of calyx.

Chelicerae ( Figure 1D ). Fixed digit with three teeth distal to pilus dentilis; movable digit with one tooth, length 26 µm.

Legs ( Figure 1E ). Measurements of legs and palps as follows: leg I 312 (310–330); leg II 262 (260–280); leg III 270 (248–276); leg IV 350 (330–354); palp: 186 (182–196). Genu II with seven setae. Chaetotactic formula of genus II: 22 / 0, 2 / 01. Three macrosetae on leg IV with bulbous tips; Sge IV: 22 (21–23); Sti IV: 30 (29–33); StIV: 46 (46–54).

Male ( Figure 2 )

Measurements with mean followed by range of seven male paratypes.

Dorsum ( Figure 2A ). Oval dorsal shield with lateral margins irregular and with lobed projections, 272 long (268–280), 159 (154–166) wide at the level of s4. Dorsal surface striated and reticulated, especially on opisthoscutum. With three pairs of solenostomes, gd2, gd6 and gd9 and 19 pairs of short, pointed and smooth setae. In one specimen seta R1 is inserted off the dorsal shield. Measurements of setae j1: 16 (14–18); j3: 16 (15–18); j4: 11 (10–12); j5: 12 (11–12); j6: 14 (13–17); J2: 13 (12–16); J5: 5; z2: 12 (11–14); z3: 15 (14–16); z4: 14 (14–15); z5: 12 (12–13); Z4: 21 (20–23); Z5: 28 (26–31); s4: 16 (16–17); s6: 16 (15–17); S2: 17 (17–18); S4: 19 (17–20); r3: 16 (14–18); R1: 16 (15–16).

Peritreme. Short, reaching to level of seta z3 or between z3–z4.

Venter ( Figure 2C ). Ventrianal shield almost smooth, with scanty striae anterior to preanal setae; 105 long (102–112) and 137 wide (134–142). With three pairs of preanal setae and without preanal solenostomes. Seta JV5 smooth, 18 long (17–18) (ventral setal pattern JV: ZV according to Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1991).

Chelicerae ( Figure 2B ). Fixed digit 22 µm long, with three or four teeth; movable digit unidentate. Spermatodactyl attenuated distally; margin of shaft bears a membranous border.

Legs. Measurements of legs and palp: leg I: 261 (258–265); leg II: 233 (225–240); leg III: 234 (230–240); leg IV: 325 (300–348); palp: 175 (160–186). Macrosetae present on genu, tibia and tarsus IV; Sge: 17 (16–18); Sti: 27 (25–28); Sta: 42 (40–44).

Type material

Holotype female, seven paratype females and two paratype males from Juniperus thurifera L. ( Cupressaceae ), Prádena , Segovia Province, Spain; geographic coordinates 41 ◦ 07 ′ 19 ′′ N, 3 ◦ 42 ′ 22 ′′ W, 1145 m a.s.l., collected on 27 October 2000. Eleven paratype females and three paratype males from Juniperus thurifera, Puebla de Valverde, Teruel Province (40 ◦ 10 ′ 14 ′′ N, 1 ◦ 01 ′ 07 ′′ W), 1500 m a.s.l., collected on 1 May 2008. Nine paratypes females and two paratypes males from Juniperus thurifera, Pedraza, Segovia Province (41 ◦ 08 ′ 14 ′′ N, 3 ◦ 49 ′ 19 ′′ W), 1115 m a.s.l., collected on 28 July 2008 . Holotype and some paratypes were deposited at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales , Madrid, Spain ( MNCN). Reference number of holotype: MNCN 20.02 / 17118; other paratypes: MNCN 20.02 / 17121, MNCN 20.02 / 17124, MNCN 20.02 / 17125. Other paratypes are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK, under the reference collection ENT 2011-208 and in the National Collection of Arachnida (NCA), ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa .

Etymology

The specific name thuriferus refers to the host plant from which all the specimens were collected.

Remarks

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) thuriferus sp. nov. belongs to the pyri -species group ( Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987) or longipalpus -group ( Denmark 1992) characterized by having three pairs of preanal setae on ventrianal shield. It closely resembles T. (T.) leptodactylus Wainstein, 1961 in having palps that are distinctly long in relation to idiosoma and legs. However, it can be distinguished from T. (T.) leptodactylus in the shape of the spermatheca, without a long neck between the atrium and calyx, and by having only three pairs of dorsal solenostomes (gd8 absent). Other eight species in the subgenus have also three pairs of dorsal solenostomes: T. (T.) baccettii Lombardini ; T. (T.) confusus Narayanan, Kaur and Ghai ; T. (T.) kykladiticus Papadoulis and Emmanouel ; T. (T.) oresibious Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi : T. (T.) pentelicus Papadoulis and Emmanouel ; T. (T.) phylaktioticus Papadoulis and Emmanouel ; T. (T.) pyri Scheuten and T. (T.) tubifer Wainstein. However , all of them have four pairs of preanal setae on the ventrianal shield and so can be easily separated from the new species.

The new species appears to be the predominant phytoseiid mite on Juniperus thurifera in Spain. The thuriferous or Spanish juniper, J. thurifera , is an Ibero-Magrebian palaeo-endemism which has persisted since the Tertiary. At present this tree only occurs in isolated areas of Spain, Morocco, Algeria and France under continental and cold Mediterranean climatic conditions ( Quézel and Pesson 1980).

Key to species of the subgenus Typhlodromus Scheuten. Females

1. Ventrianal shield with three pairs of preanal setae........................ 2 Ventrianal shield with four pairs of preanal setae......................... 5

2. Dorsal setae short and acute; s4, s6, S2 and J2 between 15 and34 µm long; palps greatly elongated................................................. 3 Dorsal setae longer, serrate and knobbed; s4, s6, S2 and J2 greater than 40 µm long; palps not greatly elongated......... T. (T.) armiger Ehara and Amano

3. Dorsal shield with three pairs of solenostomes (gd8 absent); spermatheca without a neck between calyx and atrium.......... T. (T.) thuriferus sp. nov. Dorsal shield with four pairs of solenostomes (gd8 present); spermatheca with a neck between calyx and atrium........................................ 4

4. Dorsal setae shorter, S4, Z4 and Z5 between 19 and 25 µm long; ventrianal shield pentagonal........................... T. (T.) leptodactylus Wainstein. ............................................ (= T. (T.) longipalpus Swirski and Ragusa 1976 sensu Abbasova 1980 and Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987) Dorsal setae longer, S4 39, Z4 45 and Z5 72 µm long; ventrianal shield oval............................................. T. (T) shoshae Palevsky et al.

5. Ventrianal shield with preanal pores..................................... 6 Ventrianal shield without preanal pores................................ 26

6. Dorsal shield with three to five pairs of solenostomes; leg four with at least one macroseta......................................................... 7 Dorsal shield with one pair of solenostomes; leg IV without macrosetae........................................ T. (T.) roshanlali Narayanan and Ghai

7. Dorsal shield with three pairs of solenostomes........................... 8 Dorsal shield with four or five pairs of solenostomes.................... 10

8. Peritreme extends to level between z2 and z4; calyx of spermatheca bellshaped; movable digit with one or two teeth.............................. 9 Peritreme extends anterior to setae j1; calyx a short broad tube flared distally; movable cheliceral digit without teeth..... T. (T.) confusus Narayanan et al.

9. Peritreme extends to level of setae z4; fixed cheliceral digit with two or three teeth, movable digit with two teeth; posterior margin of sternal shield straight.............................. T. (T.) pentelicus Papadoulis and Emmanouel Peritreme extends to level of setae z2; fixed cheliceral digit with four teeth, movable digit with one tooth; posterior margin of sternal shield lobed............................................... T. (T.) oresibious Papadoulis et al.

10. Dorsal shield with five pairs of solenostomes........................... 11 Dorsal shield with four pairs of solenostomes........................... 15

11. Solenostome gd9 absent; macroseta on leg IV acute........................................................................ T. (T.) psidium Basha et al. Solenostome gd9 present; macrosetae on leg IV acute or knobbed or blunt......................................................................... 12

12. Leg IV with three macrosetae.......................................... 13 Leg IV with one macroseta............................................ 14

13. Peritremes reaching seta j1; setae Z4 and S4 similar in length; j3 40, J2 39, Z5 70............................... T. (T.) nerminae El-Banhawy and Knapp Peritremes reaching seta j3; seta Z4 shorter than S4; j3 24, J2 21, Z5 50........................................ T. (T.) wawerus El-Banhawy and Knapp

14. Peritremes extend to level between z2 and z3; fixed cheliceral digit with three teeth; macroseta on leg IV acute.................... T. (T.) corticis Herbert Peritremes extend to level between z3 and z4; fixed cheliceral digit with four teeth; macroseta on leg IV knobbed or blunt.......................................................................... T. (T.) accessorius Kolodochka

15. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae.................................. 16 Sternal shield with two pairs of setae................................... 18

16. Most or all dorsal setae smooth (except Z5) and shorter than distances to setae next behind........................................................... 17 All dorsal setae serrate and longer than distances to setae next behind, except for setae j1, j4 and z5 which are smooth...................................................................... T. (T.) magdalenae Pritchard and Baker

17. Peritreme extends to level between j1 and j3; most dorsal setae long, all laterally placed setae serrate as well as Z4............................................................................. T. (T.) neomagdalenae Zannou et al. Peritreme extends to level between setae z3 and z4; all dorsal setae much shorter and smooth except for Z5.... T. (T.) sapphicus Ragusa and Tsolakis

18. Setae J2 12–35, half or less distance to Z4.............................. 19 Setae J2 49, two-thirds distance to Z4............. T. (T.) swirskii Denmark

19. Peritreme extends to level between j1 and j3............................ 20 Peritreme extends to levels between z2 and z3 or z3 and z4.............. 21

20. Calyx short, saccular, with atrium incorporated in calyx; setae j3 can be absent or present, one member of S5 can be present; fixed cheliceral digit with three teeth............................................. T. (T.) rarus (Wainstein)

Calyx longer, tubular, atrium apparently not incorporated in calyx; setae j3 present and S5 completely absent; fixed digit with four teeth................................................. T. (T.) kadii Kandeel and El-Halawany

21. Calyx of spermatheca saccular, with or without slight constriction between calyx and atrium; movable cheliceral digit unidentate or bidentate....... 22 Calyx with long, slender neck, funnel-shaped distally, thick-walled, atrium nodular; movable digit bidentate....................... T. (T.) andrei Karg. ............ (= T. (T.) eucervix Karg and Edland 1998 sensu Denmark 1992 )

22. Peritremes reaching to level between setae z2 and z3.................... 23 Peritremes reaching to level between z3 and z4.......................... 24

23. Setae j6 28, J2 36, z3–4, 32 and S2–4 46–48 µm long; ventrianal shield apparently smooth.................... T. (T.) pseudopyri Ehara and Amano Setae j6 15–16, J2 18, z3–4, 15–20 and S2–4 24–28 µm long; ventrianal shield reticulated..................................... T. (T.) inhabilis Kuznetzov

24. Calyx of spermatheca saccular without constriction between it and atrium; setae St3 on round, oval or wider than long platelets.................... 25 Calyx of spermatheca saccular with slight constriction between it and atrium; setae St3 on round or oval platelets............ T. (T.) pritchardi Arutunjan

25. Posterior margin of sternal shield lobed; J2 17, S4 35, Z5 46; St3 on wider than long platelet........................ T. (T.) moricola Ehara and Toyoshima Posterior margin of sternal shield almost straight; J2 31, S4 50, Z5 64; St3 on oval or longer than broad platelet.............. T. (T.) quercicolus Denmark

26. Dorsal shield with five pairs of solenostomes........................... 27 Dorsal shield with three or four pairs of solenostomes................... 28

27. Fixed cheliceral digit with six teeth, movable digit with two teeth........................................................... T. (T.) griekwensis Schultz Fixed cheliceral digit with three teeth, movable digit with one tooth.................................................. T. (T.) atticus Swirski and Ragusa

28. Dorsal shield with three pairs of solenostomes.......................... 29 Dorsal shield with four pairs of solenostomes........................... 32

29. Calyx of spermatheca with a neck...................................... 30 Calyx bell or cup-shaped, without neck.............................................................. T. (T.) kykladiticus Papadoulis and Emmanouel

30. Genu II with eight setae............................................... 31 Genu II with seven setae...................... T. (T.) baccettii Lombardini. ........................... (= T. (T.) helenae Schicha and Dosse 1974 and T. (T.) oligadenus Athias-Henriot 1978 sensu Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987 )

31. Calyx of spermatheca bell-shaped with short neck..... T. (T.) pyri Scheuten Calyx of spermatheca funnel-shaped with long neck......................................................................... T. (T.) tubifer Wainstein. ........................................................... (= T. (T.) ajsel Abbasova 1980 sensu Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987 and probably.................... T. (T.) phylaktioticus Papadoulis and Emmanouel 1990 ) 32. Setae Z4 half length of Z5............................................. 33 Setae Z4 0.6–0.75 length of Z5......................................... 34

33. Posterior margin of sternal shield with a lobe...... T. (T.) laurae Arutunjan Posterior margin without a lobe.................. T. (T.) knisleyi Denmark

34. Calyx of spermatheca variously shaped................................. 35 Calyx a slender tube with undifferentiated atrium...................................................................... T. (T.) moroccoensis Denmark

35. Calyx of spermatheca with proximal part tube-like or thick / sclerotized and distal part strongly flared, funnel or cup-shaped........................ 36 Calyx tubular, relatively broad, slightly flared distally or not or short, bell- or cup-shaped with a short neck or not.................................... 38

36. Distal half of calyx of spermatheca cup- or funnel - shaped and neck thick / sclerotized or tube-like; fixed cheliceral digit with four teeth; peritreme extends to level of j3................................................... 37 Proximal two-thirds of calyx tube-like and distal third flared; fixed digit with three teeth; peritreme extends to level of z2......... T. (T.) personatus Karg

37. Distal half of the spermatheca cup-shaped; leg IV with one macroseta.................................................... T. (T.) cotoneastri Wainstein Distal half of the spermatheca funnel-shaped; leg IV with two macrosetae...................................................... T. (T.) bichaetae Karg

38. Calyx of spermatheca tubular.......................................... 39 Calyx bell- or cup-shaped with a short neck or not...................... 40

39. Calyx of spermatheca a short broad tube shorter than 20 long; Z5 shorter than 55; peritreme extends to level of j1......... T. (T.) phialatus Athias-Henriot. .................. (= T. (T.) ulex Evans 1988 sensu Edland and Evans 1998 ) Calyx tube-like, longer than 20; Z5 longer than 55; peritreme extends to level of z2–j3............................... T. (T.) athiasae Porath and Swirski. ................................................... (= T. (T.) siwa Elbadry 1967 , T. (T.) pelargonicus El Badry 1968 , T. (T.) perbibus Wainstein and Arutunjan 1968 , T. (T.) hellenicus Swirski and Ragusa 1977 sensu Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987 , Denmark 1992 and Papadoulis et al. 2009 and probably............................................. T. (T.) zaheri Denmark 1992 )

40. Genu II with six or seven setae......................................... 41 Genu II with eight setae.................. T. (T.) octogenipilus Kreiter et al.

41. Genu II with six setae............................... T. (T.) setubali Dosse. ........................ (= T. (T.) laurentii Ragusa and Swirski 1978 , sensu Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987) Genu II with seven setae............................................... 42

42. Spermatheca with neck or constriction between calyx and atrium........ 43 Neck or constriction absent............................................ 45

43. Peritreme extends to level between j1 and j3............................................................................... T. (T.) exhilaratus Ragusa. ............................... (= T. (T.) exhilaratus exhilaratus ; Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1987 and T. (T.) exhilaratus americanus ; Chant and Yoshida-

Shaul 1987, sensu Papadoulis et al. 2009) Peritreme extends to level between j3 and z2............................ 44

44. Setae JV5 longer than Z5 and S4 longer than Z4; ventrianal shield reticulated............................................... T. (T.) beglarovi Kuznetzov Setae JV 5 similar in length toZ5, S4 equal in legth to Z4; ventrianal shield smooth..................... T. (T.) olympicus Papadoulis and Emmanouel. ........................... (probably = T. (T.) difficilis Kolodochka 2003 )

45. Leg IV bearing one or two macrosetae................................. 46 Leg IV with three macrosetae............ T. (T.) ernesti Ragusa and Swirski

46. Surface of peritreme uniformly stippled, reaching to level between setae...................................................................... j3–z2 47 Surface of peritreme not entirely stippled, with central core, extending to level of setae z3–z4............................... T. (T.) klimenkoi Kolodochka

47. Setae Z5 65–70, Z4 38–39 µm long................. T. (T.) tiliae Oudemans Setae Z 5 41–47, Z4 24–30 µm long..................................... 48

48. Posterior margin of sternal shield without a lobe; leg IV with one macroseta................................................ T. (T.) morellensis Ferragut. ...................... ( T. (T.) norvegicus Edland and Evans 1998 . syn nov.) Posterior margin of sternal shield with a lobe; leg IV with two macrosetae................................................ T. (T.) mutatus Kolodochka

Figures

Figure 1A–E. Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) thuriferus sp. nov. Female. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Spermathecae. (D) Chelicera. (E) Leg IV.

Figure 2A–C. Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) thuriferus sp. nov. Male. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Chelicera. (C) Ventrianal shield.