Asphondylia braziliensis Maia, 2024

Maia, Valéria Cid, 2024, Five new species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazilian restinga (Atlantic Forest), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 64, pp. 1-30 : 2-9

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.008
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C7DC7A88-F5D8-4356-9E9C-85994FFDE18F
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4474D20-6944-FFF5-FA9A-F8C3FD6BF86F
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Asphondylia braziliensis Maia
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Asphondylia braziliensis Maia , sp. nov. ( Figs. 2 View Figure 2 A-4D)

Diagnosis: Male hypoproct rounded apically, deeply bilobed; ovipositor with needle part about 1.00-1.20 × length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn 0.23-0.30 mm long, upper facial horn single and conical, three lower frontal horns not aligned, 8 th abdominal segment with 5-7 dorsal spines in the posterior row, larva: spatula with lateral teeth longer than mesal ones, mesal teeth round- ed apically, three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula.

Male: Body: 3.40-3.75 mm long (N = 3). Head ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ): 0.40-0.50 mm long, 0.50 mm wide (N = 3), eye facets hexagonal, closely appressed;antennae: flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, scape obovate, setose, 0.11-0.12 mm long, 0.0 mm wide (N = 3), pedicel globose, setose, 0.05 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 3), 1 st- 12 th flagellomeres cylindrical, all 0.04 mm wide, circumfila longitudinally wavy, dense, anastomosing, equally spread along segments ( Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ), 1 st- 7 th flagellomeres 0.1-0.18 mm long (N = 3), 8 th- 10 th flagellomeres 0.16-0.17 mm long (N = 3), 11 th 0.15-0.17 mm long(N =3),12 th flagellomere 0.12-0.13mm long (N = 2) ( Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ), proportion flagellomere neck-node 1:10; frons with 30 setae (N = 2); mouthparts: labrum long-attenuated, 0.08 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 3); hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum, with long, anteriorly-directed lateral setulae, 0.10 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 3); labella elongate and convex, 0.16 mm long, 0.10 mm wide (N = 1), with lateral and mesal setae; palpus 0.14 mm long: 1 st segment globoid, 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 2), 2 nd segment cylindrical, 0.04 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 2), 3 rd segment fusiform, 0.08 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 2), all segments with setae. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly and posteriorly, two groups of lateral setae more abundant anteriorly, extending from base to distal margin, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron setose; remaining pleural sclerites bare; legs: tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium longer than claws ( Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ); wing: length 2.50 mm (N = 3) ( Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ). Abdomen: trichoid sensilla not visible; 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few scattered lateral and mesal setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales,tergite 1 shorter than oth- er tergites,½ length of 2 nd tergite, 8 th tergite bare, narrow, longer sublaterally than mesally; 2 nd- 8 th sternites more sclerotized than tergites, rectangular, as long as tergites, with a posterior row of setae, several mesal and lateral setae, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th sternite with scattered setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales. Terminalia ( Fig. 2F View Figure 2 ): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.16 mm long, 0.07 mm wide (N = 2); gonostylus ovoid, 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide; hypoproct deeply bilobed, rounded apically.

Female: Body length: 3.50-4.70 mm (N = 4). Head: 0.40-0.60 mm long, 0.50 mm wide, antennae: scape 0.12-0.13 mm long, 0.05-0.07 mm wide (N = 4), pedicel 0.05-0.07 mm long, 0.05-0.07 mm wide (N = 4), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, all 0.04 mm wide, circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected subbasally and apically by two transverse bands ( Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ), flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, 1 st flagellomere 0.25 mm long (N = 4), 2 nd flagellomeres 0.19-0.21 mm long (N = 4), 3 rd flagellomere 0.18-0.20 mm long (N = 4), 4 th flagellomere 0.18-0.19 mm long (N = 5), 5 th and 6 th flagellomeres 0.17-0.20 mm long (N = 4), 7 th flagellomere 0.17-0.19 mm long (N = 4), 8 th flagellomere 0.16-0.18 mm long (N = 4), 9 th flagellomere 0.14-0.15 mm long (N = 4), 10 th flagellomere 0.11-0.12 mm long (N = 4), 11 flagellomere 0.06-0.08 mm long, 12 th flagellomere 0.04-0.045 mm long ( Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ); mouthparts: labrum 0.11 mm long, 0.035 mm wide (N = 2), hypopharynx 0.16 mm long, 0.035 mm wide (N = 2), labellum 0.05-0.07 mm long, 0.02-0.04 mm wide at midlength (N = 4), palpus 0.19-0.23 mm long (N = 4): 1 st segment globose 0.02-0.03 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide (N = 4), 2 nd segment cylindrical 0.06-0.065 mm long, 0.025-0.03 mm wide at midlength (N = 4), 3 rd segment conical 0.11-0.14 mm long and 0.02 mm wide at midlength (N = 4). Thorax: wing length: 2.90-3.00 mm (N = 3); tarsal claw more robust than in male ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). Abdomen ( Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ): trichoid sensillae not visible, 1 st- 7 th tergites as in male, 8 th tergite with posterior margin with lobes 0.15-17 mm long (N = 2), 2 nd- 6 th sternites as in male, 6 th sternite 0.34 mm long (N = 1), 7 th sternite rectangular 0.54-0.63 mm long, 1.84-1.85 × length sternite 6 (N = 3), setose, mostly covered elsewhere with scales; sternite 8 not sclerotized; ovipositor: needle part 0.54-0.65 mm long (N = 3), 1.00-1.20 × length sternite 7 (N = 2). Other characters as in male.

Pupa ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ): Color: brownish. Body length: 2.80-4.20mm (N =8). Head ( Fig.4B View Figure 4 ): face with lateral projection; antennal horn 0.23-0.30 mm long (N = 5), conical, pointed, inner margin serrated, distal part longer than basal part; dorsal plate 0.12-0.21 mm long. 0.40-0.53 mm wide (N = 6), apical seta 0.03-0.035 mm long (N = 5); upper facial horn bifid, 0.06 mm long (N = 6), conical; three lower facial horns not aligned, 0.03 mm long (N = 3); two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose, two bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally. Thorax: integument wrinkled ( Fig. 4C View Figure 4 ); prothoracic spiracle, 0.11-0.12 mm long, longer than antennal basal width, setiform, conspicuously curved (N = 5) ( Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ). Larva: Body: 2.30-2.60 mm long (N = 5); head 0.04 mm long, 0.081 mm wide (N = 2). Spatula ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ) quadridentate, 0.24-0.25 mm long (N = 4), lateral teeth longer than mesal, 0.03 mm long, mesal teeth 0.02 mm long (N = 3); three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. Terminal segment 0.07-0.08 mm long (N = 3). Terminal segment with no visible papillae in the slides (terminal segment smashed).

Gall: On leaf and stem, conical, green, glabrous, complex, one-chambered on Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz. & Pav.) Kuijt ) ( Loranthaceae ) ( Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ).

Material examined: Holotype male, BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro State, Mangaratiba, Ilha da Marambaia, Praia do Kutuca , 21.VI.2020, Rodrigues, A. col. ( MNRJ-ENT1-69762 ) . Paratypes: MALES – same data as holotype: 2 ♂♂ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69763 , MNRJ-ENT1-69764 ) ; FEMALES – same data as holotype: 2 ♀♀ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69768 , MNRJ-ENT1-69769 ) ; 28.VIII.2010: 2 ♀♀ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69766 , MNRJ-ENT1-69767 ) ; Praia Suja, 18.IX.2020: 1 ♀ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69765 ) ; PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype: 2 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69771 , MNRJ-ENT1-69778 ) ; 24.VII.2010: 8 pupal exuviae (3: MNRJ-ENT1-69770 , 2 : MNRJ-ENT1-69773 , 3 : MNRJ-ENT1-69774 ) ; 28.VIII.2010: 2 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69775 ) ; 18.IX.2020: 1 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69776 ) ; 25.II.2011: 2 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69772 , MNRJ-ENT1-69777 ) ; PUPA – 25.II.2011: 1 pupa ( MNRJ-ENT1-69772 ) ; THIRD INSTAR LARVAE – 26. V.2010: 4 larvae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69781 ) ; 24.VII.2010: 8 larvae (4: MNRJ-ENT1-69779 , 4 : MNRJ-ENT1-69780 ) .

Etymology: The name "braziliensis ″ refers to the country where the type-material was collected.

Geographic distribution (based on gall records on the host plant): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Mangaratiba municipality (Rodrigues et al., 2014).

Remarks: Only two species of Asphondylia were previously known from Struthanthus : A. parasiticola Möhn 1960 , inducer of stem and fruit galls on Struthanthus marginatus , described from El Salvador, and A. struthanthi Rübsaamen 1915 , inducer of fruit galls on Struthanthus sp. , described from Brazil ( Gagné & Jaschhof, 2021).

Asphondylia braziliensis differs from A. parasiticola in the following morphological characters:

(1) larva: spatula with stalk longer in A. parasiticola than in A. braziliensis , apical teeth weakly indented in A. parasiticola and deeply indented in A. braziliensis ,

1915 ( Diptera , Cecidomyiidae ). Data on the last two species were obtained from literature.

mesal teeth somewhat longer in A. parasiticola than in A. braziliensis , mesal teeth pointed in A. parasiticola and rounded apically in A. braziliensis , 4 setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula in A.parasiticola , 3 setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula in A. braziliensis ( Fig. 5A View Figure 5 × Fig. 4C View Figure 4 );

(2) pupa: antennal horns truncate in ventral view in A. parasiticola and pointed in A. braziliensis , upper facial horn bifid in A. parasiticola and simple in A. braziliensis , one lower facial horn in A. parasiticola and three in A. braziliensis ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 × Fig. 3E View Figure 3 );

(3) female: the new species has body longer, all segments of the palpi shorter, scape, pedicel, 1 st, 5 th and 9 th flagellomeres shorter, 10 th flagellomeres longer, 11 th shorter or equal and 12 th equal or longer in A.braziliensis than in A. parasiticola ( Table 1).

The male of A. parasiticola is unknown. Asphondylia braziliensis differs from A. struthanthi in the following morphological characters:

(1) larva: spatula: stalk longer in A. struthanthi than in A. braziliensis , base of spatula truncate in A. struthanthi and anchor-shaped in A. braziliensis , mesal teeth divergent in A. struthanthi and parallel in A. braziliensis ( Fig. 5C View Figure 5 × Fig. 4C View Figure 4 );

(2) pupa: the upper frontal horn is bifid in A. struthanthi and conical in A. braziliensis ( Fig. 6A View Figure 6 × Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ), the prothoracic spiracle is cylindrical in A. struthanthi and setiform in A. braziliensis ( Fig. 6B View Figure 6 × Fig. 3F View Figure 3 );