Calycolpus goetheanus (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg

Amorim, Gabriela Dos Santos, Barbosa, Maria Regina De Vasconcellos, Jr, Eduardo Bezerra De Almeida & Thomas, William Wayt, 2022, Taxonomic study of Myrtaceae in forest fragments in Amazonian Maranhão, Brazil, Phytotaxa 568 (1), pp. 27-60 : 31

1. Calycolpus goetheanus (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg (1854–1856: 381).

Basionym:— Myrtus goetheana Martius ex De Candolle (1828: 240) .

Type:— BRAZIL. “Habitat in Brasiliae prov. Rio Negro ”, Martius 2762 (M; lectotype designated by Landrum 2010: 381) . ( Fig. 2A–B .)

Trees 1– 12 m. Twigs glabrous or glabrescent, the indumentum whitish or reddish-brown. Leaves with petioles 1–7 mm long, glabrous or glabrescent, unchanneled or shallowly channeled; blades elliptic to broadly so, lanceolate, ovate or obovate, 3.3–14.4 × 2.4–5.5 cm, glabrous, membranaceous or chartaceous, discolorous; glands conspicuous; base cuneate, acute or rounded; apex acuminate, rarely attenuate or cuneate; midvein adaxially sulcate or impressed; lateral veins moderately visible, not arched, 10 to 20 pairs; intra-marginal vein 1–2 mm from the margin, margin flat. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, fascicle, the axis ca. 3 mm long, sometimes inconspicuous, glabrous; bracts deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.6 mm, puberulent adaxially, glabrous abaxially, persistent in the fruit; pedicels 9–40 mm long, glabrous; bracteoles triangular to narrowly so, or deltate, 0.5–2 × 0.2–0.7 mm, glabrous, persistent in the fruit; flower buds globose, 7 × 12 mm, not constricted above ovary; calyx-lobes free, five, narrowly triangular, deltate to broadly so, 5–10 × 3–6 mm, glabrous, not reflexed, persistent in the fruit; ovary 3-5-locular. Immature fruits subglobose or globose, 0.4–0.7 × 0.5–1.1 cm, glabrous, surface smooth.

Note:— Calycolpus goetheanus may be recognized by its glabrous leaves, inflorescence in fascicles; buds with five free calyx-lobes (5–10 × 3–6 mm); ovary 3–5-locular; and glabrous, subglobose or globose fruits.

Distribution and habitat:— Known from Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, northeastern and northwestern Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará and Roraima states) ( Landrum 2010, Flora do Brasil 2020). In Amazonian Maranhão, C. goetheanus was found growing along a road, and in both “terra firme’’ and flooded forests.

Phenology:— Flowering in January, February, May and October to December, and fruiting in January, February and October.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Alcântara, Piriuaçú , 02°24 32” S, 44°24’53” W, 11 April 1954 (st.), R.L. Fróes 30771 ( IAN!) . Cururupu, Maracassumé River Region, Campo de Boa Esperança , 02°02’29” S, 45°57’19” W, 22 October 1932 (fl., fr.), R. Fróes 1977 ( NY!) . São José de Ribamar, Sítio Aguahy , 02°38’47” S, 44°09’05” W, 28 October 2017 (fl.), G.S. Amorim 378 ( MAR!) ; idem, 20 February 2018 (fr.), G.S. Amorim 467 ( MAR!) . São Luís, Alumar , 02º41’30” S, 44°9’44” W, 29 November 994 (fl.), N. Figueiredo 7 ( MAR!) ; 02°41’30” S, 44°19’44” W, 18 January 1995 [fl], N. Figueiredo 4 ( MAR!) ; 02°41’30” S, 44°19’44” W, 13 November 1995 (fl.), K.B. Ferreira & E.C. Gimos s.n. ( MAR!) ; Estrada que vai do Rio Anil para Maioba , 10 January 1950 (fl.), R.L. Fróes 25652 (U, image); Reserva Florestal do Sacavém , 02º34’04” S, 44º15’44” W, 03 December 1988 (fl.), R.C. Reis 57 ( MAR!) ; 22 January 1992 [fl], F.H. Muniz 17 (RB); 26 February 1992 [fl], F.H. Muniz 196 (HUEFS, image); 02°35’59” S, 44°16’34” W, 27 May 1992 (fl.), F.H. Muniz 256 (HUEFS, image); 02°30’ S, 44°15’ W, 21 January 1993 (fr.), F.H. Muniz 287 (INPA, image); Rio Anil, 02°28’59” S, 44°12’00” W, 13 January 1951 (fl., fr.), B.E. Franz 26348 (ASU, image); Sede da Cemar , 02°31’47” S, 44°18’10” W, 27 November 1985 (fl.), G.T. Prance & R. Henriques 29886 ( US, image) ; Sítio Santa Eulália , 02°30’30” S, 44°16’39” W, 29 January 2018 (fl.), G.S. Amorim 414, 419 ( MAR!) ; 02°30’52” S, 44°16’34” W, 26 February 2018 (fr.), G. S. Amorim 491 ( MAR!) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. A–B. Flower buds and flowers in Calycolpus goetheanus. C–D. Flowers in Eugenia biflora. E–F. Flower buds and immature fruits in E. caducibracteata. G. Immature fruit in E. densiracemosa. H. Immature fruits in E. flavescens. I. Immature fruits in E. patens. J. Immature fruits in E. polystachya. K. Flowers in E. protenta. L–M. Flower buds and flowers in E. punicifolia. N–P. Flower buds, flowers and immature fruits in E. stictopetala.