Nocarodeini

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 90-92

Key to genera of Nocarodeini

1 Tympanum on the first abdominal tergite present, large well developed, always larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 344–346 ); if absent or very small (only in Paranocarodes karabagi ) ( Fig. 349 ) or as wide as the stigmal area ( Paranocarodes chopardi ) ( Figs. 347–348 ) then abdominal tergites (at least the first tergite) sharply and distinctly protruded posteriorly (extending beyond the hind margin of its own tergite) ( Figs. 354 ).............................................. 2

- Tympanum absent ( Figs. 350–351 ); if present (in several species of Nocaracris , N. furvus s.l., N. judithae , N. minutus , N. burri , N. rimansonae , N. dilekensis ) strongly reduced, smaller than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 352 ); if slightly wider than the stigmal area ( N. furvus s.l., N. judithae , N. minutus ) ( Fig. 353 ) then the first abdominal tergite never protruded posteriorly ( Fig. 355 )........................................................................................... 7

2 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 517–521 ); vertex almost smooth, slightly rugose, without supraocellar and supraocular foveolae, with very weak carinae and carinulae ( Fig. 356 , 519, 521 ); apical valves of penis strongly compressed laterally, roundly widened and curved backwards ( Fig. 64 a, b, d)......................... Neoparanothrotes Mirzayans

- Body compressed laterally ( Figs. 509–516 ); vertex strongly rugose, with very distinct carinae and carinulae, supraocellar and supraocular foveolae distinct ( Fig. 357 ); apical valves of penis not widened and not curved backwards ( Figs. 61 a, b–63a, b, d).................................................................................................... 3

3 Vertex very narrow; narrower than the transversal diameter of eye ( Figs. 358–359 ); visible part of apical valves of penis very

long, longer than visible part of basal valves of penis ( Fig. 62 a, d), epiphallus with simple, linear pseudolophi consist of several spines in one row ( Fig. 62 c)...................................................... Pseudonothrotes Mistshenko - Vertex clearly wider than the transversal diameter of eye or at most equal in male ( Fig. 360 ); visible part of apical valves of penis always shorter than visible part of basal valves of penis ( Figs. 58 a, d, 63a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines (except Eunothrotes derjugini ) ( Figs. 55 c–61c)....................................... 4

4 Arolium very wide, longer than half of claws ( Fig. 361 ); apical valves of penis large and stout, very wide in posterior view; not covered by the sheath of penis ( Figs. 63 a, d); epiphallus with sublinear pseudolophi consist of less spines ( Fig. 63 c)........................................................................................... Eunothrotes Adelung

- Arolium distinctly narrower and not longer than half of claws ( Fig. 362 ); apical valves of penis smaller and slender, much narrower in posterior view; mostly covered by the sheath of penis (except several species of Paranothrotes ) ( Figs. 55 a, d, 56a, d, 58a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines ( Fig. 55 c–61c)......................... 5

5 Median carina of pronotum with distinct longitudinal sulcus mostly along its length ( Fig. 363 ) or at least anterior part (except doubtful Paranothrotes asulcatus ); arch of zygoma on male phallus distinctly raised and sclerotized, higher than posterior lobes of zygoma ( Figs. 55 a, 58a, 59a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without a sharp posterior projection ( Figs. 495–496 ) (except Paranothrotes sulcatus , P. margaritae , P. siirt sp. nov.); fastigium of vertex mostly flat ( Fig. 365 ); antennae long as in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)...................................................................................................... Paranothrotes Mistshenko

- Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 364 ); if present an indistinct one, very thin as a line (in some specimens of Paranocarodes ); arch of zygoma on male phallus not raised and not sclerotized, lower than posterior lobes of zygoma ( Figs. 44 a–54a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites raised, with a sharp posterior projection ( Figs. 411–412 ) (except Ebnerodes toelgi , Paranocarodes beieri ); fastigium of vertex depressed ( Fig. 366 ); antennae short in Ebnerodes , long in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)......................................... 6

6 Abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without sharp projection at posterior margin ( Fig. 437–438 ); median carina of pronotum not raised almost indistinct, strongly granulate; head relatively large ( Figs. 367–368 ); vertex sloping ( Figs. 367–368 ); antennae very short not reaching to ventral margin of labrum in female ( Fig. 368 ), at most slightly surpassing it in male; in normal body form, male abdomen (also female) long reaching to half of hind tibia when the legs stretched backwards ( Figs. 437 ); hind tibia bright orange................................................................. Ebnerodes Ramme

- Abdominal tergites raised and with a sharp projection at posterior margin ( Figs. 411–412 ); median carina of pronotum raised and very distinct; if granulate then hind tibia black or blackish red; head smaller ( Figs. 369–370 ); vertex not sloping as in Ebnerodes ( Figs. 369–370 ); antennae long surpassing far beyond ventral margin of labrum in both sexes ( Figs. 369–370 ); in normal body form, male abdomen short, never reaching to half of hind tibia, reaching to slightly beyond the apex of hind femur when the legs stretched backwards ( Figs. 431, 433, 435 )................................... Paranocarodes I. Bolívar

7 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 727-730 ); vertex completely smooth, no carinula, tubercles or granules; no foveolae ( Figs. 371–372 ); pronotum cylindrical, without lateral carinae; median carina very indistinctly visible with its longitudinal sulcus, but never raised ( Figs. 371–372 ); apical valves of penis not covered by the sheath of penis ventrally ( Figs. 79 a, d, 80a)....................................................................... Turkanocaracris Ünal gen. nov.

- Body strongly to relatively compressed laterally ( Figs. 723–726 ); vertex clearly rugose, always with carinae, carinulae and granules; foveolae present, at least supraocellar foveola distinct ( Figs. 373–374 ); pronotum mostly roof shaped with raised median carinae, if subcylindrical then median and lateral carinae very distinct ( Figs. 373–374 ); apical valves of penis covered by the sheath of penis ventrally ( Figs. 70 a, d).............................................................. 8

8 Dorsal margin of hind femur interrupted in preapical part ( Fig. 375 ); if it is weak then median and lateral carinae of pronotum very distinct and raised; distinctly depressed between the median and lateral carinae, but below portion of the lateral carinae compressed laterally, therefore pronotum not roof shaped; fastigium of vertex horizontal or very slightly sloping, connected to frontal ridge under acute or right angle, sharp in lateral view.................................................. 9

- Dorsal margin of hind femur not interrupted in preapical part ( Fig. 376 ); if it is seen weakly then especially lateral carinae and median carina of pronotum much more indistinct, not raised, body and hind femur clearly stout, pronotum almost roof shaped ( Nocaracris niethammeri sp. group); fastigium of vertex sloping, connected to frontal ridge under obtuse rarely right angle, mostly rounded in lateral view (except Araxiana )........................................................... 11

9 Frontal ridge in dorsal part distinctly projecting forward in lateral view ( Fig. 377 ); median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length; prosternum with strongly raised anterior margin as a collar-like, almost covering the mouth parts from below ( Fig. 378 )....................................................... Iranacris Mistshenko

- Frontal ridge in dorsal part slightly projecting forward in lateral view ( Fig. 379 ); median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus or at most visible in anterior part (except Nocarodes ebneri ); prosternum slightly raised with a pointed median projection ( Fig. 380 )................................................................................. 10

10 Pronotum strongly widened in middle part, distinctly wider than its length ( Fig. 381 ); lateral carinae of pronotum weak in prozona, distinct in metazona but not in a carina form, that changed as a swollen ridge reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally ( Figs. 381–383 ); apical valves of penis truncate at apex (with an apical notch), stout, S-shaped and curved backwards at apex ( Figs. 91 a, 92a).......................................................... Bufonocarodes Mistshenko

- Pronotum not wider than its length or slightly wider ( Fig. 382 ); lateral carinae of pronotum distinct in prozona and metazona in usual form ( Figs. 382–384 ); if that changed as a swollen ridge and reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally then it is sharper and always typical lateral carinae distinct in prozona; apical valves of penis pointed at apex without apical notch ( Figs. 83 a–90a)................................................................. Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim

11 Body and legs clearly slender ( Figs. 743–744 ); fastigium of vertex flat, not sloping, connected to frontal ridge angularly in lateral view ( Figs. 385–386 ); upper part of frontal ridge projecting forward; body strongly compressed laterally, therefore

metasternum narrower than the length of meso- and metasterna together ( Fig. 389 ); apical valves of penis slender, strongly covered by the posterior lobes of zygoma, difficult to see in lateral view, their ventral margins not turned laterally, this visible part straight ( Fig. 81 a, d); epiphallus with fused pseudolophi ( Fig. 81 c)......................... Araxiana Mistshenko - Body and legs stout ( Figs. 709–722 ); fastigium of vertex sloping and mostly depressed, connected to frontal ridge roundly in lateral view ( Fig. 387–388 ); upper part of frontal ridge not projecting forward; body mostly depressed, if compressed laterally, then metasternum wider than the length of meso- and metasterna together ( Fig. 390 ); apical valves of penis stout, partly covered by the sheath of penis, clearly visible in lateral view; their ventral margins always turned laterally, this visible part clearly upcurved ( Figs. 69 a–78a); epiphallus with separated pseudolophi ( Figs. 69 c–78c)................... Nocaracris Uvarov

Figures

FIGURES 344 – 374. Body parts. 344 – 353 tympanum, 344 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 345 ditto female; 346 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male; 347 Paranocarodes chopardi, male; 348 ditto female; 349 Paranocarodes karabagi, female; 350 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, female without tympanum; 351 Nocaracris subrubratus, female without tympanum; 352 Nocaracris kosswigi, female; 353 Nocaracris judithae, female. 354 – 355 female abdominal tergites, 354 Paranocarodes karabagi; 355 Nocaracris judithae. 356 – 357 female vertex, 356 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 357 Paranothrotes margaritae. 358 – 360 vertex dorsal view, 358 Pseudonothrotes levis, male; 359 ditto female; 360 Paranothrotes margaritae, female. 361 – 362 arolium of fore leg in male, 361 Eunothrotes dejugini; 362 Paranocarodes turkmen. 363 – 364 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 363 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 364 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis. 365 – 366 fastigium of vertex in female, 365 Paranothrotes siirt; 366 Paranocarodes turkmen. 367 – 370 head and pronotum, 367 Ebnerodes toelgi, male; 368 ditto female; 369 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 370 ditto female. 371 – 374 head and pronotum, dorso-lateral, 371 Turkanocaracris levigatus, male holotype; 372 ditto female paratype; 373 Nocarodes balachowskyi, male; 374 ditto female. Abbreviations: nsa: neighbour stigmal area, s: stigma, t: tympanum.

FIGURES 509 – 521. Habitus and body parts. 509 – 510 Paranothrotes nigripes, 509 male; 510 female lectotype. 511 – 512 Paranothrotes ornatus, 511 male holotype; 512 female allotype. 513 – 514 Pseudonothrotes levis, 513 male holotype; 514 female allotype. 515 – 516 Eunothrotes derjugini, 515 male lectotype; 516 female paralectotype. 517 – 519 Neoparanothrotes borumandi, 517 male paratype; 518 female paratype; 519 ditto female head and pronotum. 520 – 521 Neoparanothrotes diamesus, female holotype, 520 habitus; 521 ditto head and pronotum.

FIGURES 55 – 68. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 55 Paranothrotes sulcatus; 56 Paranothrotes opacus opacus; 57 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis; 58 Paranothrotes gotvendicus; 59 Paranothrotes tenuicornis; 60 Paranothrotes margaritae; 61 Paranothrotes siirt; 62 Pseudonothrotes levis; 63 Eunothrotes derjugini; 64 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 65 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi; 66 Nocaracris tunceli; 67 Nocaracris tardus; 68 Nocaracris emirdagi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 495 – 508. Habitus. 495 – 496 Paranothrotes tenuicornis, 495 male holotype; 496 female allotype. 497 – 498 Paranothrotes demawendi, 497 male holotype, mirror view; 498 female allotype. 499 – 500 Paranothrotes margaritae, 499 male; 500 female paratype. 501 Paranothrotes citimus, male holotype. 502 – 505 Paranothrotes siirt, 502 male holotype; 503 ditto dorsal; 504 female paratype; 505 ditto dorsal. 506 Paranothrotes nigrolobus, female. 507 – 508 Paranothrotes schelkovnikovi, 507 male lectotype; 508 female paralectotype.

FIGURES 44 – 54. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 44 Paranocarodes karabagi; 45 Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi; 46 Paranpcarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus; 47 Paranocarodes chopardi; 48 Paranocarodes turkmen; 49 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 50 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas; 51 Paranocarodes brevipes; 52 Paranocarodes lubricus; 53 Paranocarodes beieri; 54 Ebnerodes toelgi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 395 – 412. Body parts and habitus. 395 – 396 female tympanum, 395 Paranocarodes karabagi, without tympanum; 396 Paranocarodes straubei. 397 – 400 hind femur, 397 Paranocarodes beieri, female; 398 ditto male; 399 Paranocarodes brevipes, female; 400 ditto male. 401 – 403 tympanum, 401 Paranocarodes chopardi, female; 402 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas, female paratype; 403 ditto male paratype. 404 – 406 male habitus dorsal, 404 Paranocarodes turkmen, paratype; 405 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 406 Paranocarodes lubricus (holotype of P. cilicicus). 407 – 410 hind tibia, 407 Paranocarodes lubricus, male right tibia; 408 ditto female; 409 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male left tibia; 410 ditto female. 411 – 412 Paranocarodes straubei, habitus, 411 male lectotype; 412 female.

FIGURES 425 – 438. Habitus. 425 – 426 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, 425 male; 426 female topotype. 427 – 430 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas, 427 male holotype lateral; 428 ditto dorsal; 429 female paratype lateral; 430 ditto dorsal. 431 – 432 Paranocarodes brevipes, 431 male holotype; 432 female. 433 – 434 Paranocarodes lubricus, 433 male (holotype of P. cilicicus); 434 female holotype. 435 – 436 Paranocarodes beieri, 435 male paratype; 436 female. 437 – 438 Ebnerodes toelgi, 437 male; 438 female.

FIGURES 723 – 742. Habitus and body parts. 723 – 726 Nocaracris crassipes, 723 male holotype; 724 ditto dorsal; 725 female paratype; 726 ditto dorsal. 727 – 738 Turkanocaracris levigatus, 727 male holotype; 728 ditto dorsal; 729 female paratype; 730 ditto dorsal; 731 male head and pronotum; 732 ditto dorsal; 733 male tympanum; 734 male prosternum; 735 male head, frontal view; 736 female head and pronotum; 737 ditto dorsal; 738 female head, frontal view. 739 – 742 Turkanocaracris davisi, 739 male without tympanum; 740 male prosternum; 741 male habitus; 742 ditto dorsal.

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 375 – 394. Body parts. 375 – 376 female hind femur, 375 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 376 Nocaracris tridentatus. 377 – 378 Iranacris dentatus, female holotype, 377 frontal ridge lateral; 378 prosternum. 379 – 380 Nocarodes sanctidavidi, female, 379 frontal ridge lateral; 380 prosternum. 381 – 382 female pronotum, 381 Bufonocarodes robustus, paratype; 382 Nocarodes serricollis. 383 – 384 lateral carinae of pronotum in male, 383 Bufonocarodes robustus, holotype; 384 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 385 – 388 head lateral, 385 Araxiana woronowi, male; 386 ditto female; 387 Nocaracris rubripes, male; 388 ditto female. 389 – 390 female metasternum, 389 Araxiana woronowi; 390 Nocaracris rubripes. 391 – 394 frontal ridge, 391 Paranocarodes straubei, male lectotype; 392 ditto frontal view in female; 393 Paranocarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus, male; 394 ditto frontal view in female.

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 743 – 759. Habitus and body parts. 743 – 744 Araxiana woronowi, 743 male, mirror view; 744 female. 745 – 746 female fastigium of vertex, 745 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 746 Nocaodes nodosus. 747 – 748 Nocarodes serricollis, male, 747 hind femur; 748 mesosternal lobes. 749 – 750 Nocarodes znojkoi, male, 749 hind femur; 750 mesosternal lobes. 751 – 752 female hind femur, 751 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 752 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 753 – 754 frons, lateral view, 753 Nocarodes serricollis, holotype; 754 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 755 – 757 female hind femur, 755 Nocarodes serricollis; 756 Nocarodes geniculatus, holotype; 757 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 758 – 759 female vertex and pronotum, lateral view, 758 Nocarodes daghestanicus loripes; 759 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus.

FIGURES 709 – 722. Habitus. 709 – 710 Nocaracris karshitoros, 709 male holotype dorsal; 710 female paratype dorsal. 711 – 714 Nocaracris goektepe, 711 male holotype; 712 ditto dorsal; 713 female paratype; 714 ditto dorsal. 715 – 716 Nocaracris subrubratus, 715 male holotype; 716 female paratype. 717 – 718 Nocaracris elegans, 717 male holotype; 718 female allotype. 719 – 720 Nocaracris tridentatus, 719 male holotype; 720 female allotype. 721 – 722 Nocaracris niethammeri, 721 male; 722 female holotype.