Herminium fallax (Lindl.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:129. 1890.

Raskoti, Bhakta Bahadur, Schuiteman, Andre, Jin, Wei-Tao & Jin, Xiao-Hua, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Herminium L. (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae), PhytoKeys 79, pp. 1-74 : 18-20

14. Herminium fallax (Lindl.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:129. 1890. Figs 5D , 6J , 7J , 8J , 9J , 10I , 11F

Habenaria fallax (Lindl.) King & Pantl., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: 325. 1898.

Platanthera fallax (Lindl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.4: 111. 1919.

Monorchis fallax (Lindl.) O. Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 95. 1949.

Peristylus fallax var. dwarikae Deva & H.B. Naithani. Orchid Fl. N.W. Himalaya 187. 1986. Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand, Dodital, Uttarkashi, alt. 9200 ft, 8.1974, Dwarika Prasad s.n. (Holotype: DD).

Basionym.

Peristylus fallax Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 298. 1835.

Type.

NEPAL. Without precise locality, 1821, Wallich, 7412 (Holotype: K-LINDL!; Isotype: K-WALLICH! [K000974164]).

Description.

Plant 14-30 cm tall. Tubers subglobose, 1-1.5 × ca. 0.8 cm. Stem with 1 basal leaf and 2 or 3 tubular sheaths at base. Leaf oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, 6-13 × 0.8-2 cm, apex acute. Inflorescence 11-22 cm; peduncle cylindrical, with or without 1 lanceolate peduncle scale to 20 mm; rachis 5-14 cm, densely many-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 6-15 × 2.5 mm, basal one longer than flowers, apex acuminate. Flowers yellowish green; pedicel and ovary twisted, straight, apex shortly beaked, 6-7 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 2-4 × 1.5-2.1 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals obliquely ovate, concave, 3-4.2 × 1-1.5 mm, apex subacute. Petals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex acute. Lip oblong, 3-5.5 × 1-2 mm, ecallose, 3-lobed near middle; lateral lobes oblong, 1.5 × 0.5 mm, apex obtuse, mid-lobe oblong, 1-2 × 2 mm, apex obtuse, spur oblong-clavate, 0.7-1.5 mm, apex obtuse, shallowly 2-lobed. Column 1.5-2 mm; pollinia globose, caudicles short, viscidia disklike; rostellum triangular, broad, with arms, stigma transversely oblong, situated below the rostellum. Fruit oblong, 1 cm long.

Flowering time.

July-September.

Habitat.

Terrestrial in forest margins and on roadside slopes at elevations of 3000-4000 m.

Distribution.

China, Bhutan, India, Nepal.

Specimens examined.

BHUTAN: Gasa District, W of Thanza , 3800-4000 m, 04.09.2000, Miehe G. and Miehe S., 00-351-01 (K) .

CHINA: Sichuan, Yanyuan county , 3600 m, 07.08.1983, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 12709 (PE) ; Tibet, Cona county, 3300 m, 10.09.1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 751924 (PE); Gyilong county, 3150 m, 19.07.1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 7017 (PE), Yadong county , Xiasima, 3600-3900 m, 02.08.2012, Jin X. H., Jin W.T., Xu S. 13226 (PE) ; Yunnan, Dali City, Xi zhou town, 3000 m, 17.07.2009, Yunnan Expedition, YN-ET 1652 (PE); without data, Forrest G., 6837 (K) .

INDIA: Sikkim, Lachen, Hooker J. D., 288 (K) ; Utarrakhand, Kumaon, Munshiyari , 05.08.1900, Inayat, 24058 (K) .

NEPAL: Koshi, Terhthum District, Tinjure , 3060 m, 06.07.1972, Shakya P. R., 1990 (KATH) ; Rapti, Dailekh District, Lamabagar to Hum , 16.07.1977, Rajbhandari K. R., and Roy B., 1450 (KATH) ; Mechi, Ilam District, Khapore , 3033 m, 10.07.1977, Pradhan P., Rajbhandari K. R., and Niraula R., 287 (KATH) .

Figures

Figure 5. Flowers of representive species of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. latilabre C H. forceps D H. fallax E H. lanceum F H. edgeworthii G H. monophyllum H H. quinquelobum I H. pugioniforme.

Figure 6. Dorsal sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. handelii L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. mannii R H. biporosum.

Figure 7. Lateral sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. gracile L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. lanceum R H. biporosum.

Figure 8. Petal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. josephi H H. coiloglossum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. himalayanum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. ophioglossoides O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. ecalcaratum R H. biporosum

Figure 9. Lip of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. macrophyllum G H. macrophyllum H H. alaschanicum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. longilobatum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. lanceum O H. quinquelobum P H. kamengense Q H. coiloglossum R H. biporosum.

Figure 10. Column structure in Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. josephi C H. latilabre D H. monophyllum E H. kamengense F H. longilobatum F H. himalayanum H H. mannii I H. fallax.

Figure 11. Pollinia structure in Herminium. A H. josephi B H. macrophyllum C H. pygmaeum D H. handelii E H. lanceum F H. fallax G H. forceps H H. latilabre I H. coeloceras.