Candezea irregularis ( Ritsema, 1875 )

Wagner & Kurtscheid, A., 2005, Revision of Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from continental Africa, Journal of Natural History 39 (28), pp. 2591-2641 : 2606-2609

Candezea irregularis ( Ritsema, 1875)

Galeruca (Calomicrus) irregularis Ritsema, 1875, p 144 .

Candezea inconstans Duvivier, 1889, p 137 ( Wilcox 1973) .

Candezea duvivieri Jacoby, 1897, p 573 ; syn. nov.

Redescription

Total length. 5.7–6.9 mm (mean 6.09 mm).

Head. Labrum black, palpi and clypeus yellow, frons yellow to brownish yellow ( Figure 11 ). Basal antennomeres yellow, middle and apical antennomeres yellowish brown to brown ( Figure 11 ). Length of second to third antennomere 0.50–0.62 (mean 0.55), ratio length of third: fourth antennomere 0.56–0.72 (mean 0.63).

Thorax. Prothorax yellow, meso- and metathorax black. Pronotal width 1.8–2.3 mm (mean 1.98 mm), ratio pronotal length: width 0.42–0.57 (mean 0.49). Elytra slender, elytral length 4.3–5.8 mm (mean 4.82 mm), maximal width in the middle of elytra of 2.8–3.7 mm (mean 3.12 mm), and maximal elytral width to elytral length 0.59–0.72 (mean 0.65). Elytra yellow with black, circular, irregularly scattered spots of differing size ( Figure 11 ) which occasionally partly merge ( Figure 11A ). Males have a deep brownish yellow coloured depression beyond scutellum, margins of this depression protrude giving the entire structure a crater-like appearance ( Figure 11A ). Scutellum and legs entirely yellow.

Abdomen. Yellow.

Female genitalia. Spermatheca small, cornu short, evenly curved, nodulus comparatively small ( Figure 13 ), bursa sclerites small, slender, usually each with eight small spines ( Figure 12 ).

Male genitalia. Median lobe slightly dorsoventrally compressed, widened beyond apical third, conical to apex ( Figure 14 ). Tectum lanceolate, deeply incised at apex ( Figure 14A ). Endophallus with very strong spiculae, ventral pair very short, middle pair straight, dorsal pair curved inwards ( Figure 14A ). Shape of endophallic sac small, compressed, bent in lateral view. Orifice trapezoidal.

Distribution. Nearly 5800 specimens, including about 3300 from Garamba National Park in north-eastern Congo, were studied and thus the distribution of this species is now well known ( Figure 10 ). Distribution is well correlated with the Guineo-Congolian forest type from Senegal through other west African countries and the Congo Basin to the Albertine Rift in the East, including Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and West Tanzania.

Diagnosis. Candezea irregularis is the only species which has black elytral spots of different sizes. In other species with elytral spots, C. occipitalis , C. costatipennis , and C. atomaria , these are much smaller. Males of C. irregularis can be easily identified also by the deep elytral depression ( Figure 11A ). Candezea franzkrappi sp. nov. has the same sexual dimorphic pattern, but has no elytral spots ( Figure 39 ) and genitalic characters of both sexes are different ( Figures 12–14 , 40–42 ). With a mean total length of 6.09 mm, C. irregularis is the smallest Candezea species known from continental Africa. Bursa sclerites have the highest number of spines found in all Candezea species ( Figure 12 ).

Type material

Holotype: Galeruca (Calomicrus) irregularis : ♀, ‘‘Heylaerts v. Woerde Loango/ Calomicrus irregularis type Rits./ Candezea inconstans 1889 . Duvivier/Museum Leiden’’ (RMNH). Type locality: Congo, Loango, 5 ° 109S, 12 ° 589E; examined. Candezea inconstans : collection of Antoine Duvivier 1895 was brought to IRSNB (cf. Horn et al. 1990). The holotype is not available there, but on the type specimen of C. irregularis ( Ritsema, 1875) , an additional label (of unknown authorship) indicating the synonymy. This can be also derived from Duvivier’s description. Holotype: Candezea duvivieri : „, ‘‘Niger-Benue/ Candezea duvivieri Jac. Th. Wagner det. 97/ Candezea irregularis (Rits.) Th. Wagner det. 98/Jacoby Coll. 1909 –28a’’ (BMNH); examined.

Other material examined

Burundi: 1 ex., Urundi , Bururi, 3 ° 589S, 29 ° 569E, coll. Breuning ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Buganda , 2 ° 569S, 29 ° 139E, May 1935, H. Damas ( MRAC) . Cameroon: 1 ex., February 1902, L. Colin ( NHRS) ; 3 ex., Bétaré Oya , 5 ° 349N, 14 ° 099E, 1000 m, coll. R. Oberthur ( MNHN) ; 16 ex., Yaounde´ , 3 ° 519N, 11 ° 319E, 800 m, Zenker ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Yaounde´ , coll. Monros ( USNM) ; 1 ex., Akonolinga 3 ° 469N, 12 ° 179 E, G. Naumann ( MNHU) ; 7 ex., Abanda , 4 ° 289N, 12 ° 209E, Tessmann ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Yaounde´ , May 1897 ( MNHU) ; 12 ex., Tukan , June 1912, L. Colin ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Bare , 5 ° 039N, 9 ° 569E, 800 m, November 1912, v. Rothkirch ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Abanda , February 1914, Mildbraed ( MNHU) ; 4 ex., Deng Deng , 5 ° 109N, 13 ° 309E, April 1914, Mildbraed ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Yaounde´ , October 1914, Sommerfeldt ( MNHU) ; 2 ex., Yaounde´ , October 1914, Tessmann ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Yaounde´ , 1922, D9 Noêl ( MNHN) ; 2 ex., Ebolowa , 2 ° 569N, 11 ° 119E, 1931, J. Vadon ( MNHN) ; 6 ex., Batouri, Bertoua , 4 ° 349N, 13 ° 429E, 750 m, May–June 1935, coll. F. G. Merfield ( BMNH) ; 5 ex., Batouri, Kokoe , 4 ° 459N, 13 ° 259E, January–February 1936, F. G. Merfield ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Batouri , 4 ° 269N, 14 ° 279E, July 1936, F. G. Merfield ( BMNH) . Central African Republic: 6 ex., Ubangi, Fort Sibut , 5 ° 469N, 19 ° 069E, coll. Le Moult ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Fort Crampel , 7 ° 009N, 19 ° 109E, coll. Le Moult ( MNHN) ; 3 ex., Oberssanga, Goindji , 5 ° 319N, 27 ° 129E, February 1914, Tessmann ( MNHU) ; 4 ex., Ouam, Beouan , 6 ° 199N, 16 ° 519E, March–April 1914, Tessmann ( MNHU) . Congo- Brazzaville: 4 ex., Boda , 4 ° 199N, 17 ° 269 E, P. Charleuf (2 ex. IRSNB, 2 ex. MNHN) ; 8 ex., Madingou , 4 ° 109S, 13 ° 339E, October 1874, C. Morin ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Ubangi , Bangui, 4 ° 239N, 18 ° 379E, March 1968, coll. Breuning ( MRAC) . Congo ( Zaire) : 1 ex., Kwango, Djoko Punda , 5 ° 279S, 20 ° 599E, coll. Staudinger ( MRAC) ; 5 ex., Kivu, Masisi , 1 ° 249S, 28 ° 499E ( IRSNB) ; 2 ex., Bas Congo, Loango , 5 ° 109S, 12 ° 589 E, E. Parker ( IRSNB) ; 2 ex., Kivu, Beni , 0 ° 309N, 29 ° 289E, Borgerhoff ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Bokote , 0 ° 59S, 20 ° 089 E, P. Hulstaert ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Uéle, Bambuli , 3 ° 399N, 26 ° 79’E, Rodhain ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kasai, Hemptinne St. Benoît, 6 ° 189S, 22 ° 329 E, P. Callewaert ( MRAC) ; 6 ex., Bas Congo, Kisantu , 5 ° 079S, 15 ° 59E, P. Goossens ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kasai, Luebo , 5 ° 219S, 21 ° 259 E, G. Babault ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Maniéma, Kabambare , 4 ° 429S, 27 ° 439E, Delhaise ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Bas Congo, Congo da Lemba, 5 ° 429S, 13 ° 429E, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Kasai, Luluabourg , 5 ° 549S, 22 ° 259 E, P. Callewaert ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., P.N.A., P. Jolivet ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Stanleyville, Komba , 2 ° 529N, 24 ° 039E, May 1878, C. Morin ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Stanleyville, Opala , 0 ° 409S, 24 ° 209’E, 600 m, 1893, L. Fairmaire ( MNHN) ; 13 ex., Lualaba , 10 ° 299S, 25 ° 369E, 800–1300 m, May 1907, coll. S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 4 ex., Katanga, Kambove , 10 ° 509S, 26 ° 399E, 1100–1500 m, October 1907, coll. S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Kwango, Lukombe , 4 ° 169S, 18 ° 229E, October 1908, A. Koller ( MRAC) ; 17 ex., Bas Congo, Congo da Lemba, May 1911 – April 1913, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Leopoldville , 4 ° 189S, 15 ° 189E, May 1911, A. Dubois ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kwango, Djoko Punda , July 1912 ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Ubangi, Yambata , 2 ° 269N, 21 ° 589E, December 1912, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 20 ex., Uéle, Amadi , 3 ° 359N, 26 ° 479E, March–June 1913, P. v. den Plas (IRSNB) ; 35 ex., Wombali , 3 ° 279S, 17 ° 339E, July–September 1913, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Kwango, Leverville , January 1914, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Equateur, Eala , 0 ° 049N, 18 ° 179E, September 1914, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Bas Congo, Lemfu , 5 ° 189S, 15 ° 139E, October–December 1914, P. de Beir ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Bokoro , 2 ° 509S, 18 ° 239E, March 1915, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 5 ex., Bumbuli , 3 ° 249S, 20 ° 319E, April 1915 R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Tolo , 2 ° 569S, 18 ° 349E, 1917, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Eala , 1917, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 115 ex., Maniéma, Nyangwe , 4 ° 139S, 26 ° 119E, March–May 1918, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kasongo , 4 ° 279S, 26 ° 409E, June 1918, R. Mayné ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Katanga, Mufumga , 9 ° 269S, 27 ° 289E, February 1919, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kwamouth , 3 ° 109S, 16 ° 129E, June 1919, J. Maes ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kwango, Kikwit , 5 ° 029S, 18 ° 499E, 1920, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Ikengo , 0 ° 089S, 18 ° 089E, May 1920, Mouchet ( MRAC) ; 14 ex., Kwango, Leverville , 4 ° 509’S, 18 ° 449E, September 1920, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 19 ex., Kikwit , November–December 1920, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Ipamu , 4 ° 079S, 19 ° 379E, 1922, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Leopoldville , 4 ° 189’S, 15 ° 189E, September 1923, A. Collart ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Maniéma, Kindu , 2 ° 579S, 25 ° 569E, January 1924, H. Lebeau ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Maniéma, Malela , 2 ° 289S, 26 ° 099E, July 1924, J. Ghesquière ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kwango, Djoko Punda , 5 ° 279S, 20 ° 599E, 1925 ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Uele´, Mauda , 4 ° 059N, 27 ° 419E, March 1925, H. Schouteden ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kibali, Aba , 3 ° 529N, 30 ° 149E, July 1925, L. Burgeon ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Sankuru, Kabinda , 6 ° 089S, 4 ° 299E, 1926, Allard ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Aruwimi Panga , 0 ° 439S, 19 ° 379E, 1926, E. Bock ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Luluaburg , 1926 ( NHMB) ; 1 ex., Kwango, Leverville , 4 ° 509S, 18 ° 449E, 1928, J. Tinant ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kunungu , 2 ° 069S, 16 ° 269E, 1930, Nkele ( MRAC) ; 35 ex., Sankuru, Komi , 3 ° 299S, 23 ° 199E, January–November 1930, J. Ghesquière ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kasai, Merode Salvator , 6 ° 169S, 23 ° 159E, July 1930, P. Vanderijst ( MRAC) ; 42 ex., Lulua, Sandoa , 9 ° 419S, 22 ° 569E, September 1930 – January 1932, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC) ; 9 ex., Sankuru, Kambaye , 6 ° 539S, 23 ° 449E, October 1930, P. Quarré ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Flandria , 0 ° 209S, 19 ° 069E, 1931, P. Hulstaert ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Lomami, Mutombo , 8 ° 389S, 26 ° 209E, June 1931, P. Quarré ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Lualaba, R. Lulua , 10 ° 379S, 24 ° 549E, November 1931, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Kunungu , 2 ° 69S, 16 ° 269E, 1932, Nkele ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Ubangi, Dubulu , 4 ° 189N, 20 ° 169E, January 1932, H. J. Brédo ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Abumombazi , 3 ° 429N, 22 ° 109E, February 1932, H. J. Brédo ( MRAC) ; 201 ex., Lulua, Kapanga , 8 ° 229S, 22 ° 379E, July 1932 – April 1934, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kivu, Luvungi , 2 ° 519S, 28 ° 589E, December 1932, L. Burgeon ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Uele´, Dingila , 3 ° 399N, 26 ° 049E, July 1933, J. V. Leroy ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., R. Dakwa , 4 ° 199N, 26 ° 259E, July 1933, J. V. Leroy ( MRAC) ; 14 ex., Bambesa , 3 ° 259N, 25 ° 439E, August–October 1933, J. V. Leroy ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Lulua, Tshibalaka , 8 ° 329S, 23 ° 159E, October 1933, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC) ; 13 ex., Kibali, Geti , 1 ° 139N, 30 ° 129E, 1934, Ch. Scops ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Sankuru, Kabinda , 6 ° 089S, 24 ° 299E, 1935, P. Henrard ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kibali, Mahagi , 2 ° 189N, 30 ° 599E, 1935, Ch. Scops ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kibali, Ibanda , 2 ° 409S, 28 ° 459E, 1935, Vandelannoite ( MRAC) ; 10 ex., Uele´, Monga , 4 ° 129N, 22 ° 499E, April–May 1935, G. F. de Witte ( IRSNB) ; 8 ex., Kibali, Niarembe , 2 ° 159N, 31 ° 079E, May–November 1935, Ch. Scops ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kivu, Rutshuru , 1 ° 119S, 29 ° 279E, June 1935, G. F. de Witte ( IRSNB) ; 3 ex., Equateur, R. Ubangi, 0 ° 309S, 17 ° 439E, July 1935, G. Settembrino ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Abok , 2 ° 009N, 31 ° 009E, October 1935, Ch. Scops ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Equateur, Eala , 0 ° 049N, 18 ° 179E, January 1936, J. Ghesquière ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Maniéma, Kindu , 2 ° 579S, 25 ° 569E, June 1936, P. Henrard ( MRAC) ; 6 ex., Uéle, Gangala , 3 ° 379N, 26 ° 509E, May 1936, L. Lippens ( MRAC) ; 7 ex., Kivu, Kashusha , 1 ° 189S, 24 ° 19080E, 1937, Vandelannoite ( MRAC) ; 100 ex., Uéle, Bambesa , 3 ° 259N, 25 ° 439E, March–September 1937, J. Vrydagh ( MRAC) ; 6 ex., Bas Congo, Mpese , 5 ° 169S, 15 ° 209E, June 1937, J. Coreman ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Kibali, Logo , 2 ° 119N, 30 ° 559’E, July 1937, H. J. Brédo ( MRAC) , 2 ex., Lualaba, Kabulembe , 8 ° 459S, 27 ° 269E, November 1937, Vanderstichele ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Lomami, Lubilash , 7 ° 449S, 24 ° 139E, November 1937, F. Freyne ( MRAC) ; 495 ex., Kwango, Ngowa , 5 ° 429S, 16 ° 359E, November 1937 – November 1939, J. Mertens ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Lulua, Kabomba , December 1937, Garlier ( MRAC) ; 5 ex., Kibali, Mongbwalu , 1 ° 579N, 30 ° 029E, 1938, Scheitz ( MRAC) ; 7 ex., Kunungu , 2 ° 069S, 16 ° 269E, 1938, coll. H. Schouteden ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Bolobo , 2 ° 109S, 16 ° 149E, 1938, coll. H. Schouteden ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Maniéma, Kasongo , 4 ° 279S, 26 ° 409E, 1938, coll. H. Schouteden ( MRAC) ; 131 ex., Uéle, Bambesa , 3 ° 259N, 25 ° 439E, January–June 1938, J. Vrydagh ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Maniéma, Lokandu , 2 ° 319S, 25 ° 479E, March 1938, Marée ( MRAC) ; 7 ex., Stanleyville, Lokandu , 1 ° 009S, 25 ° 409E, June 1938 – June 1939, Vissers ( MRAC) ; 37 ex., Kibali, Aba , 3 ° 529N, 30 ° 149E, August 1938, P. Lefèvre ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Katanga, Elisabethville , 11 ° 409S, 27 ° 289E, January 1939, H. J. Brédo ( IRSNB) ; 4 ex., Lualaba, Kaniama , 7 ° 349S, 24 ° 119E, January–February 1939, H. J. Brédo ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Lualaba, Kakavilondo , 10 ° 369S, 26 ° 079E, April 1939 ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Kasai, Tshuapa , 6 ° 259S, 20 ° 489E, April 1939, Bequaert ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Kasai, Luluabourg , 5 ° 539S, 22 ° 269E, April 1939, Deheyn ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Uele´, Bambesa , 3 ° 289N, 25 ° 439E, December 1939, J. Vrydagh ( IRSNB) ; 262 ex., Bas Congo, Mayidi , 4 ° 499S, 16 ° 539E, 1942–1945, P. van Eyen ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kabinda, Kamponde , 6 ° 429S, 22 ° 579E, 1945, Allaer ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Tshuapa, Coquilhatville , 0 ° 049N, 18 ° 169E, 1946, Ch. Scops ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Ubangi, Libenge , 2 ° 329N, 20 ° 039E, December 1947, R. Cremer and M. Neumann ( IRSNB) ; 5 ex., P.N.U., Lusinga , 8 ° 569S, 27 ° 129E, 1700 m, January 1948, G. F. de Witte ( IRSNB) ; 75 ex., Mabwe , 8 ° 399S, 26 ° 319E, 550 m, December 1948, G. F. de Witte ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Bolobo , 2 ° 109S, 16 ° 179E, 1950, Viccars ( MRAC) ; 1182 ex., P.N.G., Garamba , 4 ° 109N, 29 ° 309E, March 1950 – August 1952, H. de Saeger ( MRAC) ; 2092 ex., P.N.G., Garamba , March 1950 – September 1952, Verschuren ( IRSNB) ; 15 ex., Equateur, Bokenda , 1 ° 169N, 21 ° 229E, March 1952, P. Lootens ( MRAC) ; 17 ex., Bokuma , 0 ° 169S, 18 ° 429E, March–April 1952, P. Lootens ( MRAC) ; 16 ex., Sankuru, Gandajika , 6 ° 469S, 23 ° 589E, 1953–1954, P. de Francquen ( MRAC) ; 11 ex., P.N.A., R. Lume, 0 ° 159N, 29 ° 349E, April 1953, J. Kekenbosch ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kivu, Katana , 2 ° 139S, 28 ° 509E, September 1953 ( IRSNB) ; 4 ex., Kivu, Mulingo , 0 ° 359N, 29 ° 529E, July 1954, P. Vanschuytbroeck ( MRAC) ; 13 ex., P.N.A., Mt Hoyo , 1 ° 139N, 29 ° 499E, 1250 m, July 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Sankuru, Gandajika , 6 ° 469S, 23 ° 589E, 1956, P. de Francquen ( MRAC) ; 173 ex., P.N.A., R. Lume, 0 ° 159N, 29 ° 349E, 800 m, March 1957 – February 1958, P. Vanschuytbroeck ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Mayumbe , 4 ° 309S, 12 ° 309E, June 1958, R. Laurent ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Sankuru, Gandajika , September 1958, R. Maréchal ( MRAC) ; 11 ex., Bas Congo, Thysville , 5 ° 169S, 14 ° 539E, 1959–1960, Allaer and R. Michaux ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Sankuru, Gandajika , March 1959, J. Decelle ( MRAC) ; 57 ex., Maniéma, Kasongo , 4 ° 329S, 26 ° 339E, August 1959 – March 1960, L. G. Benoit ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kasai, Luluabourg , 5 ° 549S, 22 ° 259E, March–July 1965, J. Deheegher ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Stanleyville, Banalia , 1 ° 339N, 25 ° 239E, December 1969 – December 1970, J. P. Grillot ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Kivu, Kisangani , 0 ° 229S, 28 ° 109E, October 1970, J. Taverniers ( MRAC) . Gabon: 3 ex., Oyem , 1 ° 349N, 11 ° 319E ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Divangui , 1 ° 539S, 9 ° 559E ( IRSNB) . Guinea: 1 ex., Mt Sendomoli , 11 ° 409N, 12 ° 119W ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Kolen , 11 ° 09N, 11 ° 429W, May 1908, Tessmann ( MNHU) ; 4 ex., N’Zérékore´ , 7 ° 499N, 8 ° 489W, 1921–1923, P. Chabanaud ( MNHN) ; 5 ex., Kouroussa , 10 ° 409N, 9 ° 509W, 1937, L. Berland ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Dalaba , 10 ° 479N, 12 ° 129W, 1200 m, August 1945, H. Durand ( MNHN) ; 4 ex., Exped. Mus G. Frey, 1951, Bechyne ( MZHF) . Ivory Coast: 2 ex., Danane´ , 7 ° 219N, 8 ° 109W, January 1939, L. Chopard ( MNHN) ; 5 ex., Bouake´ , 7 ° 429N, 5 ° 09W, 1946, R. Delattre ( MNHN) ; 4 ex., Mt Nimba , 7 ° 399N, 8 ° 309W, 500–700 m, 1946, A. Viliers ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Ferkessédougou , 9 ° 309N, 5 ° 109W, May 1964, J. Decelle ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Sokoro , 8 ° 159N, 4 ° 569W, September 1973, R. Linnavuori ( MZHF) ; 1 ex., Katiali , 9 ° 499N, 5 ° 499W, February 1998, Kassebeer ( ZFMK) . Nigeria: 1 ex., Lagos, 6 ° 279N, 3 ° 289E, January 1968, W. Merrett ( BMNH) . Rwanda: 1 ex., Kivu, Ngoma , 2 ° 049S, 29 ° 559E, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., L. Kivu, 1 ° 509S, 29 ° 109E, Carlier ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Shangugu , 2 ° 309S, 28 ° 529E, 1600 m, April 1953, P. Basilewsky ( MRAC) . Senegal: 7 ex., Gamon , 13 ° 259N, 13 ° 009W, February–March 1901, E. Laglaize ( MNHN) . Sierra Leone: 4 ex., Sefadu , 8 ° 419N, 10 ° 559W, June 1912, J. J. Simpson ( BMNH) ; 4 ex., Marampa , 8 ° 449N, 12 ° 289W, September 1929, E. Hargreaves ( BMNH) . Tanzania: 3 ex., Nyange , 4 ° 089S, 30 ° 209E, 1908, E. Bayon ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex. Kukoba-Usumbara , 1910, Grauer ( NHMW) ; 1 ex., Bukoba, Victoria-Nyanza , April 1912, Troitzkij ( ZISP) ; 3 ex., Moero, Nyunzu , 5 ° 579S, 28 ° 19E, February 1934 –1935, H. de Saeger ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Bassin, Lukuga , 5 ° 409S, 26 ° 559E, July 1934, H. de Saeger ( MRAC) . Uganda: 1 ex., Entebbe , 0 ° 059N, 32 ° 299E, July 1909, C. Gowdey ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Tororo, 0 ° 429N, 34 ° 129E, March 1911, C. Gowdey ( BMNH) ; 3 ex. Mabira , 1 ° 159S, 30 ° 599E, 1200–1300 m, July 1911, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Buddu , 1 ° 009N, 34 ° 199E, 1100 m, September 1911, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Hoima, 1 ° 259N, 31 ° 229E, 1100 m, December 1911, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Entebbe , January 1912, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 3 ex., Masafu , 0 ° 259N, 34 ° 039E, 1300 m, January 1912, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Entebbe , November 1912, C. Gowdey ( BMNH) ; 3 ex., Kampala, 0 ° 199N, 32 ° 359E, January–November 1915, C. Gowdey ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Entebbe , January 1920, S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 5 ex., Kampala, October–December 1920, A. F. J. Gedye ( NMK) ; 23 ex., Namwendwa , 0 ° 559N, 33 ° 169E, October–December 1934, J. Ford ( BMNH) ; 4 ex., 1935, J. Ford ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Kampala, June 1943, E. Pinhey ( NMK) ; 2 ex., I. Buruma, March 1968, E. Vertrust ( MRAC) . Zambia: 1 ex., L. Bangweulu , 11 ° 159S, 29 ° 459E, 1200 m, June 1908, coll. S. A. Neave ( OUMNH) .

Figures

Figure 10. Distribution of Candezea occipitalis and C. irregularis.

Figures 11–14. Candezea irregularis (Ritsema, 1875). (11) Typical colour pattern: (A) male; (B) female. (12) Bursa sclerites. (13) Spermathecae of three different females. (14) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral.

Figures 39–42. Candezea franzkrappi sp. nov. (39) Typical colour pattern: (A) male; (B) female. (40) Bursa sclerites. (41) Spermathecae of three different females. (42) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral.