Candezea occipitalis ( Reiche, 1847 )

Wagner & Kurtscheid, A., 2005, Revision of Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from continental Africa, Journal of Natural History 39 (28), pp. 2591-2641 : 2601-2605

Candezea occipitalis ( Reiche, 1847)

Monolepta occipitalis Reiche, 1847, p 402 .

Luperodes cisteloides Harold, 1875, p 94 ( Weise 1924; Wilcox 1973).

Candezea chapuisioides Laboissière, 1940, p 10 ; syn. nov.

Redescription

Total length. 6.3–7.4 mm (mean 6.83 mm).

Head. Labrum, labial and maxillary palpi, mandibles, and clypeus black. Head black, frons usually with a transverse reddish, or rarely yellowish stripe ( Figure 6 ). Basal antennomeres yellow or reddish, 4–11 antennomeres black ( Figure 6 ). Ratio length of second: third antennomere 0.51–0.63 (mean 0.56), ratio length of third: fourth antennomere 0.59–0.70 (mean 0.64).

Thorax. Pronotum yellow, very rarely (in 12 of 490 specimens) black, as in the type of Candezea chapuisioides Laboissière, 1940 ( Figure 6C ). Pronotal width 1.9–2.5 mm (mean 2.17 mm), ratio pronotal length: width 0.46–0.55 (mean 0.50). Underside of prothorax, meso- and metathorax throughout black. Length of elytron 5.0– 6.2 mm (mean 5.61 mm), maximal width in the apical third of 3.2–4.0 mm (mean 3.67 mm), ratio maximal elytral width: elytral length 0.60–0.69 (mean 0.65). Elytra yellow, rarely yellowish brown with small, circular, irregularly scattered black spots ( Figure 6 ). Males have small, heart-shaped elytral protrusions beyond scutellum ( Figure 6A ). Scutellum and legs black throughout.

Abdomen. Black.

Female genitalia. Cornu long, strongly curved in the apical third, nodulus small ( Figure 8 ), bursa sclerites usually with six strong spines ( Figure 7 ).

Male genitalia. Medium lobe slender, straight, round in cross-section, dorsally and ventrally carinate at apex ( Figure 9B ). Tectum subapically slightly widened, apex with short incision, broader than apical part of median lobe ( Figure 9A ). Ventral pair of endophallic spiculae short, curved inwards, middle pair short, dorsal pair longest, curved outwards ( Figure 9A ). Shape of endophallic sac small and slender, orifice nearly circular.

Distribution. This species is restricted to montane, originally forested areas of Ethiopia and Eritrea ( Figure 10 ).

Diagnosis. Candezea occipitalis can be easily distinguished from other Candezea species by the antennomeres 4–11 black, the black head with its characteristic reddish transverse frontal stripe, and the entirely black legs, characters which are exclusively found in this species. Since the underside is black throughout, only pronotum and elytra are yellow, the latter with small black spots. Candezea atomaria also has small elytral spots, but this species is longer (mean total length 7.14 mm), has entirely yellow to yellowish brown antennae and legs, and is not distributed sympatrically with C. occipitalis . Candezea costatipennis is the third Candezea species characterized by these small elytral spots, but this species is more slender than both the others, males have carinate elytra ( Figure 20A ), and this species is known only from Angola and western Congo.

Type material

Lectotype: Monolepta occipitalis : „, ‘‘Scioa, Mahal Uonz, IV Antinori 1877/ Candezea occipitalis Reiche T. Chap / Lectotypus Th. Wagner desig. 99’’ (MNHN). Type locality: Ethiopia, Scioa. Paralectotypes: 1 „, 1♀ same labels as lectotype. A lectotype is here designated to fix the name and to ensure its universal and consistent interpretation. Holotype: Candezea chapuisioides : „, ‘‘Type/ Holotypus /Ethiope: Goba R. de Meulenaer 1934–1935/R. Mus. Hist. Nat. belg. I.G. 10.738/cf. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. XVI. 1940, 25 p. 10–11/V. Laboissière det., 1940: Candezea chapuisioides m Type (male)/ Candezea occipitalis ( Reiche 1847) Th. Wagner det.’’ (IRSNB). Type locality: Ethiopia, Goba, 7 ° 19N, 39 ° 599E; examined. Type specimens of Luperodes cisteloides could not be found beyond material from E. v. Harold in MNHU. This species was synomymized with Candezea occipitalis by Weise (1924).

Other material examined

Eritrea: 1 ex., Asmara , 15 ° 209’N, 38 ° 589E ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Keren , 15 ° 469N, 38 ° 309E, coll. Kraatz ( DEI) ; 5 ex., Asmara , May 1887, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC) ; 25 ex., Adi Ugri , 14 ° 479N, 38 ° 509E, June–August 1901, A. Andreini ( MZUF) ; 10 ex., Asmara , May 1963, Linnavuori ( MZHF) . Ethiopia: 4 ex. (2 ex. MNHU, 2 ex. SMTK) ; 6 ex. ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., coll. Schiö ( ZMUC) ; 2 ex., coll. Kraatz ( IRSNB) ; 4 ex., A. Raffray (2 ex, BMNH, 2 ex. MSNG) ; 4 ex., Kostlan ( MNHU) ; 7 ex., Addis Abeba, 9 ° 39N, 38 ° 429E, Dimitriev ( ZISP) ; 38 ex., Scioa, Mahal-Uonz , March–April 1877, Antinori ( MSNG) ; 1 ex., Scioa, Sciotalit , January 1879, Antinori ( MSNG) ; 1 ex., Scioa, Dainbi , April–May 1879, Antinori ( MSNG) ; 9 ex., Scioa, Let Marefia , June–July 1889, September–October 1878, Antinori ( MSNG) ; 3 ex., Scioa, Giagague´ , April–June 1891, Antinori ( MSNG) 12 ex., Addis Abeba, 1896, Gode-Burka, Leont’yev ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Khorar , August 1896, Leont’yev ( ZISP) ; 2, Abessinien , June 1897, Bal’gi, Babichev ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Akakimchare-Denza , May 1897, A. N. Gudzenko ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Kharare , June 1897, Babichev ( ZISP) ; 41 ex., Scioa, Sciotalit , August 1897, Ragazzi ( MSNG) ; 11 ex., Addis Abeba, June 1898 ( ZISP) ; 6 ex., Scioa, Marefia , May 1898, Ragazzi ( MSNG) ; 1 ex., Tschetshew , November 1899, Dimitriev ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Burka, Harrar , February 1899, Dimitriev ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Buroma, Tschertscher , March 1903 ( ZISP) ; 1 ex., Sekuala, Shoa , 1911, Dimitriev ( ZISP) ; 6 ex., Adama , 8 ° 399N, 39 ° 199E, coll. Laferté ( BMNH) ; 4 ex., Kaffa, Jimma , 7 ° 399N, 36 ° 479 E, A. Raffray ( MNHN) ; 205 ex., Harar, 9 ° 209N, 42 ° 109E, coll. Breuning ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Shoa , Eiere, O. Neumann ( MNHU) ; 4 ex., Tigre´, Makale , 13 ° 329N, 39 ° 339E, 1850, Schimper ( MNHN) ; 4 ex., Illubabor, Gore , 8 ° 109N, 35 ° 299E, 1881, A. Raffray ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Sereba , 13 ° 129N, 40 ° 319E, June 1881, Antinori ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Illubabor, Yamba , 8 ° 189N, 35 ° 529E, 1882, A. Raffray ( MNHN) ; 2 ex., Scioa , November 1885, Traversi ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Scioa , March 1887, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC) ; 3 ex., Scioa , August 1889, Ragazzi ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., 1899, Michel ( MNHN) ; 39 ex., Shoa , Addis Abeba, June– October 1900, coll. v. Erlanger and Neumann ( MNHU) ; 22 ex., N. Galla, v. Erlanger ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., 1903, du Bourg ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Wondo , 6 ° 399N, 38 ° 219E, April 1904, C. Singer ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Mogu , 4 ° 259N, 40 ° 159’E, October 1904, Ph. Zaphiro ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Shoa , Addis Abeba, December 1906 – May 1907, E. Latham ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Auase , October 1910, C. Citerni ( IRSNB) ; 1 ex., Addis Abeba, December 1910, C. Citerni ( IRSNB) ; 14 ex., Addis Abeba, July–August 1933, L. Sáska ( NHRS) ; 1 ex., Addis Abeba, 2600 m, April 1941, M. L. Azzaroli ( MZUF) ; 10 ex., Gojjam, Mt Amedamit , 11 ° 109N, 37 ° 289E, 3500–4000 m, December 1948, H. Scott ( BMNH) ; 2 ex., Illubabor, Wuka , 7 ° 319N, 35 ° 489E, 2800 m, December 1948, H. Scott ( BMNH) ; 8 ex., Mt Amba, Fari , 10 ° 559N, 38 ° 509E, 3000–3300 m, December 1948, H. Scott ( BMNH) ; 18 ex., Shambo , 9 ° 329N, 37 ° 39E, 3000 m, December 1948, H. Scott ( BMNH) ; 58 ex., Simien, Derasghie , 13 ° 39N, 38 ° 119E, 3000 m, July–December 1952, H. Scott ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Soddu , 6 ° 499N, 37 ° 419E, April 1959, P. Vayssière ( MNHN) ; 1 ex., Agiza , 12 ° 49N, 38 ° 229E, June 1963, Linnavuori ( MZHF) ; 1 ex., Mussolini-Pass , June 1963, Linnavuori ( MZHF) ; 1 ex., Keren-Aswara , May 1963, Linnavuori ( MZHF) ; 2 ex., Shoa, Ketama , 9 ° 319N, 38 ° 459E, 2400 m, March 1970, T. J. Crowe ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Arussi, Awassa Gobe , June 1970, S. Persson ( NHRS) ; 6 ex., Bale , 3100 m, June 1971, G. de Rougemont ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Kaffa, Jimma , 7 ° 399N, 36 ° 479E, August 1971, G. de Rougemont ( MRAC) ; 5 ex., Gemu, Mt Arba, Tulu , 9 ° 229N, 34 ° 509E, 1972, H. Rupp ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Deder , 9 ° 229N, 41 ° 269E, 2700 m, March 1972, R. O. S. Clarke ( MRAC) ; 2 ex., Shoa , Addis Abeba, November 1973, G. de Rougemont ( MRAC) ; 1 ex., Bale , August 1973, R. O. S. Clarke ( MRAC) ; 4 ex., Shewa , 1986–1990, Ing. Dedoch, coll. J. Bezdek ; 4 ex., Shoa, Gora , 9 ° 79N, 42 ° 299E, 2400 m, July 1990, K. Werner ( MZUF) ; 4 ex., Addis Ababa, 2500 m, October 1990, L. N. Medvedev and E. Samorzhenkow ( NHMB) ; 1 ex., Deder , 9 ° 229N, 41 ° 269E, 2500 m, March 1997, M. v. Tschirnhaus, coll. Th. Wagner ( ZFMK) .

Figures

Figure 10. Distribution of Candezea occipitalis and C. irregularis.

Figures 6–9. Candezea occipitalis (Reiche, 1847). (6) Typical colour pattern (A, B); rarely with black pro-thorax (C); (A) male; (B, C) female. (7) Bursa sclerites. (8) Spermathecae of three different females. (9) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral. Different scales for colour pattern and genitalic structures, each 1 mm; same for following figures.

Figures 20–23. Candezea costatipennis Laboissière, 1931. (20) Typical colour pattern: (A) male; (B) female. (21) Bursa sclerites. (22) Spermathecae of three different females. (23) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral.