Candezea flaveola ( Gerstaecker, 1855 )

Wagner & Kurtscheid, A., 2005, Revision of Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from continental Africa, Journal of Natural History 39 (28), pp. 2591-2641 : 2628-2632

Candezea flaveola ( Gerstaecker, 1855)

Monolepta flaveola Gerstaecker, 1855, p 644 .

Luperodes sulfuripennis Jacoby, 1899, p 362 ; syn. nov.

Candezea braunsi Jacoby, 1903a, p 35 ; syn. nov.

Candezea marangana Laboissière, 1920, p 50 ; syn. nov.

Redescription

Total length. 6.3–8.1 mm (mean 6.97 mm).

Head. Clypeus, labial and maxillary palpi yellow, frons brownish yellow, labrum black. Antennae usually yellow to yellowish brown, only tip of last antennomere black ( Figure 34B ), rarely antennomeres 4–11 brown ( Figure 34A ). Ratio length of second: third antennomere 0.47–0.61 (mean 0.55), ratio length of antennomere 3–4 0.58–0.72 (mean 0.63).

Thorax. Pronotum yellow, underside of thorax usually yellow, very rarely, as in the type specimens of Luperodes sulfuripennis , C. braunsi , and C. marangana meso- and metathorax black. Pronotal width 1.9–2.4 mm (mean 2.16 mm), ratio pronotal length: width 0.44–0.53 (mean 0.50). Elytral length 5.2–6.2 mm (mean 5.72 mm), maximal elytral width in the apical third of 3.5–4.2 mm (mean 3.86 mm), ratio maximal width: length of elytra 0.62– 0.73 (mean 0.67). Elytra and scutellum yellow to brownish yellow throughout ( Figure 34B ), rarely scutellum dark brown ( Figure 34A ). Males with small, heart-shaped elytral protrusion beyond scutellum ( Figure 34A ). Legs yellow throughout.

Abdomen. Yellow, brownish yellow, very rarely dark brown.

Female genitalia. Spermathecae with short, broad cornu, middle part very broad, nodulus large ( Figure 36 ), bursa sclerites usually with five to six strong spines ( Figure 35 ).

Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, round in cross-section, apical third very slender, parallel-sided, apically slightly carinate ventrally ( Figure 37 ). Tectum with short incision at apex, subapically broad, broader than apex of median lobe. Endophallus with slender spiculae, ventral pair sublinear ( Figure 37A ), middle pair longest, strongly curved dorsally in lateral view, dorsal pair strongly curved inwards ( Figure 37B ). Orifice transverse ovate, without basal incision.

Distribution. Candezea flaveola is abundant in savannas of eastern Africa from southern Ethiopia to northern South Africa, and is particularly common in south-east Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. Only few specimens are found in rain forests of Congo and Gabun ( Figure 38 ).

Diagnosis. Entirely yellow coloration is the most significant character of C. flaveola . This species is most similar to C. franzkrappi sp. nov., which also has a yellow dorsum, but always a black underside of the thorax, while the underside of C. flaveola is usually yellow, rarely meso- and metathorax black. Both species differ in the male sexual dimorphism, since C. franzkrappi sp. nov. has a deep, crater-like depression posterior to scutellum ( Figure 39A ) similar to C. irregularis , but different from the heart-shaped protusion of C. flaveola ( Figure 34A ). Furthermore, C. flaveola is one of the largest Candezea species , including the largest specimens known in Candezea with a total length of 8.1 mm (holotype of C. braunsi ), while C. franzkrappi sp. nov. is much smaller.

Type material

Lectotype: Monolepta flaveola : „, ‘‘ Lectotypus Th. Wagner/Tette Peters/flaevola Gerstäck. * Mozambik/30362’’ (MNHU). Type locality: Mozambique, 16 ° 109S, 33 ° 359E. Paralectotypes: 2 „, without label (specimens of a ‘‘historical series’’) (MNHU). A lectotype is here designated to fix the name and to ensure its universal and consistent interpretation, since neither on the type material nor in the original publication was a holotype designated. Holotype: Luperodes sulfuripennis : ♀, ‘‘Type H.T./ Holotypus /Port Alfred/ Luperodes sulfuripennis Jac. /6./ Candezea flaveola ( Gerstaecker 1855) Th. Wagner det./ Jacoby Coll. 1909–28a’’ (BMNH). Type locality: South Africa, 33 ° 369S, 26 ° 549E; examined. Holotype: Candezea braunsi : ♀, ‘‘Type/Algoa Bay Capland Dr. Brauns/ Candezea Brauns Jac. /Jacoby Coll. 1909–28a’’ (BMNH). Type locality: South Africa, 33 ° 509S, 25 ° 509E; examined. Lectotype: Candezea marangana : ♀, ‘‘Museum Paris Afrique Orient. Angl. Kenia (S.-O) District de Maranga Fort-Hall. Ch. Alluaud 1909/Novembre/ Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B./ Candezea marangana V. Laboissière —Dét. 1919/ Candezea flaveola ( Gerstaecker 1855) Th. Wagner det./Paratype’’ (IRSNB). Type locality: Kenya, 0 ° 439S, 37 ° 109E; examined. Laboissière mentioned more than one specimen in his original collection ‘‘Muséum de Paris et coll. Laboissière’’ without designation of a holotype. A lectotype is here designated to fix the name and to ensure its universal and consistent interpretation.

Further material examined

Central African Republic: 1 ex., Ubangi, Fort Sibut , 5 ° 469N, 19 ° 069E, coll. Le Moult ( ZMUH) . Congo-Brazzaville : 1 ex., Mossaka , 1 ° 209S, 16 ° 449E ( MNHN) ; 2 ex., Gamboma , 1 ° 509S, 15 ° 589E, 1883, Guiral ( MNHN) ; 2 ex., 1896, Dybowsky ( MNHN) ; 2 ex., N’Gombe , 0 ° 129N, 17 ° 069E, 1913, R. Ellenberger ( MNHN) . Congo (Zaire): 2 ex., Bas Congo, Kimpako , 5 ° 009S, 15 ° 149 E, R. Büttner ( MNHU) ; 1 ex., Sankuru, Lutula , 3 ° 229S, 23 ° 349E, November 1896 ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Katanga, Kambove , 10 ° 529S, 26 ° 389E, 1100–1500 m, October 1907, coll. S. A. Neave ( BMNH) ; 1 ex., Katanga, Elisabethville ,

11 ° 409S, 27 ° 289E, May 1920, P. Sporeq ( MRAC); 1 ex., Katanga, Mimbulu , 11 ° 439S, 27 ° 199E , September 1923, Ch. Seydel ( MRAC); 1 ex., Equateur, Makako , 0 ° 139S, 20 ° 439E , November 1925, P. Hulstaert ( MRAC); 11 ex., Lulua, Kapanga , 8 ° 229S, 22 ° 379E , November 1932 – November 1933, G. F. Overlaet ( MRAC); 59 ex., Katanga, Elisabethville , 11 ° 409S, 27 ° 289E , November–December 1938, H. J. Brédo ( MRAC / IRSNB); 1 ex., Lualaba, Jadotville , 10 ° 599S, 26 ° 449E , September–October 1945, P. Gravez ( MRAC); 12 ex., P.N.U., Mabwe , 8 ° 399S, 26 ° 319E, 580 m , August 1947 – February 1949, G. F. de Witte ( MRAC); 1 ex., Kivu, Miki , 3 ° 249S, 28 ° 429E, 780 m , December 1949, R. Laurent ( MRAC); 18 ex., P.N.G., Garamba , 4 ° 109N, 29 ° 309E , April 1951 – September 1952, H. de Saeger ( MRAC); 5 ex., Kivu, Lemera , 3 ° 039’S , 28 ° 599E, 1700 m, March 1953, G. Mahrer ( MRAC); 2 ex., Katanga, Kipopo , 11 ° 349S, 27 ° 219E , November 1961, R. Maréchal ( MRAC); 3 ex., Bas Congo, I. Bamu , 4 ° 159S, 15 ° 259E , June 1970, J. P. Grillot ( MNHN); 1 ex., Cabora Bassa , February 1979, S. A. Kriste ( BMNH). Kenya: 1 ex, Nairobi, 1 ° 179S, 36 ° 509E, Lovén ( NHRS), ‘‘ Monolepta flaveola metasternalis m.’’ (‘‘ Type’ ’) , coll. J. Weise; 8 ex., same labels, additionally ‘‘ Paratype’ ’ ( NHRS); 2 ex. , coll. Kraatz ( DEI); 1 ex., Ikutha , 2 ° 059S , 38 ° 109E ( MNHU); 4 ex., Maranga, Fort Hall , 0 ° 439S, 37 ° 109E , coll. Ch. Alluaud ( MNHU); 2 ex., Mombasa, 4 ° 049S , 39 ° 409E, coll. Ch. Alluaud ( IRSNB); 1 ex., Nairobi, G. Babault ( MRAC); 6 ex., Makindu , 2 ° 189S, 37 ° 509E , November 1906, G. Scheffler ( MNHU); 11 ex., Kibwezi , 2 ° 509S, 37 ° 579E , November 1907, G. Scheffler ( MNHU); 7 ex., Timau , 0 ° 059N , 37 ° 159E, 2000–2300 m, February 1911, S. A. Neave ( MRAC); 3 ex., Voi , 3 ° 239S, 38 ° 359E, 600 m , March 1911 – February 1912, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 8 ex., Tiwi , 4 ° 159S, 39 ° 349E , November 1911, coll. Ch. Alluaud ( IRSNB); 2 ex., Gazi , 4 ° 259S, 39 ° 299E , November 1911, Ch. Alluaud ( ZMUH); 4 ex., Witu , 2 ° 249S, 40 ° 289E , February 1912, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 4 ex., Kipini , 2 ° 319S, 40 ° 319E , March 1912, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 5 ex., Nairobi , March 1913, G. Babault ( MNHN); 1 ex., Ziwani , 3 ° 239S, 37 ° 489E , June 1913, C. Bayer ( MRAC); 1 ex., Sagana, 0 ° 409S, 37 ° 139E, 1915, K. Rogers ( NMK); 3 ex., Nairobi , March 1915, Methner ( MNHU); 1 ex., R. Tana, Saka , 0 ° 089S, 39 ° 229E , May 1915, G. Babault ( MNHN); 2 ex., Nairobi , February 1923, G. Babault ( IRSNB); 3 ex., Nairobi , Kiambu, 1 ° 109S, 36 ° 519E , March–April 1923, G. Babault ( MNHN); 10 ex., Kiboko , 2 ° 129S, 37 ° 439E , January 1924, van Someren ( BMNH); 1 ex., Thika , 1 ° 039S, 37 ° 059E , January 1927, A. F. J. Gedye ( NMK); 36 ex., Rabai , 3 ° 559S, 39 ° 349E , January 1928 – February 1929, A. F. J. Gedye ( NMK); 4 ex., Lower Tana, Sabarei , 4 ° 209N, 37 ° 009E , April–May 1932, Turner and McArthur ( NMK); 1 ex., Sabatia , 0 ° 029S , 35 ° 459E, May 1932, McArthur ( NMK); 1 ex., Nairobi, Kikuyu, 1 ° 149S, 36 ° 409E, 1600 m, 1933, C. Arambourg ( MNHN); 8 ex., Nairobi , June 1933, McArthur ( NMK); 2 ex., Nairobi, 1935, McArthur ( USNM); 7 ex., Thika , October 1937, S. Bloem-Bjorner ( NMK); 1 ex., Ruiru , 1 ° 99S, 36 ° 579E, 1200 m , April 1938, D. G. McInnes ( NMK); 8 ex., Bura , 3 ° 309S, 38 ° 199E, 1600 m , February 1939 ( BMNH); 2 ex., Stony Athi , 1 ° 369S, 37 ° 019E , July 1940 ( NMK); 1 ex., Shimba Hills, Mwereni , 4 ° 229S, 39 ° 059E , March 1941, van Someren ( MRAC); 8 ex., Kichaka , 4 ° 199S, 39 ° 219E , March 1941, van Someren ( BMNH); 1 ex., Kilifi, 3 ° 379S, 39 ° 509E , December 1943, G. W. Jeffrey ( NMK); 1 ex., Nairobi , 1 ° 179S, 36 ° 509E , September 1945, Handiuro ( NMK); 2 ex., Sala , 3 ° 069S, 39 ° 109E , May 1947, van Someren ( BMNH); 3 ex., Kilifi, 3 ° 379S, 39 ° 509E , July 1948, van Someren ( BMNH); 1 ex., Nakuru, 0 ° 169S, 30 ° 049E , June 1949, E. Pinhey ( NMK); 3 ex., Thika , November 1949, E. Pinhey ( NMK); 1 ex., Kendu , 0 ° 229S, 34 ° 409E , May 1957, N. L. Krauss ( BMNH); 2 ex., Thika , February 1959, R. Carcasson ( NMK); 1 ex., Mombasa , May 1980, D. G. Furth ( USNM); 8 ex., Mitaboni b. Machakos, 1800 m , February 1982, A. Schwabe ( NHMB); 1 ex., Nkubu , Meru Distr., 1500 m , November 1983, R. Mourglia ( NHMB); 1 ex., Nairobi , October 1989, A. Ibrahim ( NMK); 3 ex., Sololo , 3 ° 299N, 38 ° 399E , October 1992, L. Bartolozzi ( MZUF); 1 ex., Voi , 3 ° 239S, 38 ° 359E , June 1994, L. Bartolozzi ( MZUF). Malawi: 2 ex., L. Nyasa, Heyne ( MNHU); 4 ex., Chiromo , 16 ° 339S, 35 ° 109 E, R.C. Wood ( BMNH); 11 ex., Zomba, 15 ° 229S, 35 ° 229E, 1000 m , January–February 1896, P. Rendall ( USNM); 12 ex., Fort Johnston , 14 ° 299S, 35 ° 149E , January–February 1896, P. Rendall ( USNM); 2 ex., L. Nyasa, Karonga, 9 ° 549S, 33 ° 559E , May 1898, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 1 ex., Ngara , 10 ° 149S, 34 ° 69E , June 1898, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 2 ex., Ruarwe , 11 ° 089S, 34 ° 119E , February 1899, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 1 ex., Bandawe , 11 ° 579S, 34 ° 119E , April 1899, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 1 ex., Kota Kota , 12 ° 559S, 34 ° 199E , August 1899, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 6 ex., Domira Bay , 13 ° 389S, 34 ° 269E , December 1899, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 1 ex., Maganga , 13 ° 509S, 34 ° 379E , January 1900, Fülleborn ( MNHU); 1 ex., Blantyre, 15 ° 469S, 35 ° 009E , 1910, J. S. Old ( BMNH); 1 ex., Chiromo , 16 ° 339S, 35 ° 109E , April 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 1 ex., Dedza, 14 ° 209S, 34 ° 249E, 1300 m , June 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 52 ex., L. Nyasa, Domira Bay , 13 ° 389S, 34 ° 269E , October 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH / MRAC); 7 ex., Fort Johnston , 1911 , coll. Distant ( BMNH); 136 ex., Mt Mlanje , 16 ° 09S , 35 ° 379E, 1000– 1300 m, February 1913 – February 1914, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 2 ex., Shire Valley, Liwonde , 15 ° 019S , 35 ° 159E, August 1913, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 3 ex., Zomba, 15 ° 229S, 35 ° 239E, 1914, H. S. Stannus ( BMNH); 1 ex., Mt Mlanje , 16 ° 009S , 35 ° 379E, February 1914, J. B. Davey ( BMNH); 1 ex., Dedza, 14 ° 209S, 34 ° 249E , January 1985, Bellamy and Scholtz ( SANC); 1 ex., Salima, 13 ° 459S, 34 ° 299E , January 1985, Bellamy and Scholtz ( SANC); 2 ex., Kasungu, 13 ° 049S , 33 ° 299E, March 1991, C. Bayer ( MNHU). Mozambique: 1 ex., Rikatu , Plason ( MRAC); 2 ex., Tete, 16 ° 109S, 33 ° 359E , coll. Weise ( MNHU); 1 ex., Beira, 19 ° 509S, 34 ° 509 E, A. Bodong ( MNHU); 2 ex., Zambesi, Sena , 17 ° 309S, 35 ° 039E , Jentsch ( MNHU); 4 ex., L. Marques, 25 ° 589S, 32 ° 359E ( MNHU / ZMUH / USNM); 3 ex., L. Marques , coll. Kraatz ( DEI); 2 ex., L. Marques , October 1897, G. A. K. Marshall ( BMNH); 6 ex., L. Marques , July 1900, B. F. Muir ( BMNH); 5 ex., L. Marques , 1901 , coll. Sharp and Distant ( BMNH); 2 ex., Niassa, Maculo, 13 ° 579S, 37 ° 469E, 1905, Simons ( BMNH); 2 ex., Luma , 12 ° 409S, 38 ° 129E , December 1905, Monte ( BMNH); 1 ex., Guerra , 13 ° 059S , 35 ° 129E, June 1906, G. Vasse ( MNHN); 2 ex., Sungo, 16 ° 369’S, 33 ° 589E, 1907, G. Vasse ( MNHN); 6 ex., Caia , 17 ° 509S, 35 ° 209E , July 1910 – 1913, H. Swale ( BMNH); 1 ex., L. Marques , December 1913, coll. Frey ( BMNH); 3 ex., Niassa, Marrupa, 13 ° 109S, 37 ° 309E, 1915, Theswall ( BMNH); 4 ex., Monapo , 14 ° 569S, 40 ° 199E , October 1918, G. D. H. Carpenter ( BMNH); 3 ex., L. Marques , April 1920, C. B. Hardenberg ( MNHN); 1 ex., Ancuaze , 16 ° 499S, 34 ° 319E , September 1921, C. B. Hardenberg ( IRSNB); 3 ex., L. Marques , November 1924 ( IRSNB); 4 ex., Chupanga , 18 ° 29S , 35 ° 369E, 1928, J. Surcouf ( IRSNB); 7 ex., Zambesi, Chemba, 17 ° 119S, 34 ° 539E, 1928–1929, P. Lesne and J. Surcouf ( MNHN); 27 ex., Chupanga , 18 ° 029S , 35 ° 369E, 1928–1929, P. Lesne and J. Surcouf ( MNHN); 9 ex., Chiramba, 16 ° 559S, 34 ° 399E, 1929, P. Lesne ( MNHN); 4 ex., Tambara, 1929, P. Lesne ( MNHN); 1 ex., R. Pompue´, 17 ° 329S, 33 ° 489E, 1929, P. Lesne ( MNHN); 3 ex., Inhacoró, 16 ° 429S, 34 ° 149E, 1929, J. Surcouf ( MNHN); 2 ex., Canxixe, 17 ° 359S, 34 ° 199E, 1929, P. Lesne ( MNHN); 4 ex., Mt Gorongoza , 18 ° 309S, 34 ° 039E , December 1972, Besnard ( MNHN). Namibia: 1 ex. , February 1992, M. Uhlig ( MNHU); 3 ex., E-Caprivi, Katima Mulilo , 17 ° 299S, 24 ° 179E , March 1992, U. Göllner ( MNHU). Somalia: 1 ex., Garmal, 8 ° 369N, 50 ° 199E ( IRSNB); 1 ex., Somalia ( RMNH); 4 ex., Bardera , 2 ° 189N, 42 ° 179E, 1885, G. Revoil ( MNHN); 4 ex. , July 1894, Flemming ( IRSNB). South Africa: 2 ex., Natal ( MNHU); 6 ex., Caffraria, J. Wahlberg ( NHRS); 2 ex., Transvaal , coll. Kraatz and v. Bennigsen ( DEI); 1 ex., ‘‘ flaveola, Boh., Port Natal, Boh. , 30363’’ ( MNHU); 1 ex., Pietermaritzburg, 29 ° 369S, 30 ° 249E ( NMK); 1 ex., Transvaal, Rustenburg , 25 ° 409S, 27 ° 159 E, M. Knothe ( MNHU); 2 ex., Transvaal , Lydenburg , 25 ° 109S, 30 ° 299E, Boshoek ( ZMUH); 1 ex., Natal , Isipingo , 29 ° 589S, 30 ° 579E , February 1896, G. A. K. Marshall ( BMNH); 1 ex., Durban , 29 ° 539S, 31 ° 009E , 1902, B. F. Muir ( BMNH); 3 ex., Transvaal, Pietersburg, 23 ° 549S, 29 ° 239E, 1904, J. P. Cregoe ( BMNH); 3 ex., Bechuana , Mt Gakarosa , 27 ° 539S, 23 ° 359E, 1915, v. Ellenberger ( MNHN); 3 ex., Zululand , Makhowe , 27 ° 589S, 32 ° 089E , June 1926, R. Turner ( BMNH); 1 ex., Empangeni , 28 ° 459S, 31 ° 549E , January 1976, P. E. Reavel ( SANC); 3 ex., E-Cape, Riet River , 33 ° 349S, 27 ° 019E , dune hollow, on plant, ‘‘sp. A.’’, Ento-Fieldtrip Rhodes Univ. ( SANC); 1 ex., Natal, Babanango , 28 ° 239’S, 31 ° 059E , December 1992, F. Koch ( MNHU); 2 ex., Kosi Bay , 26 ° 589S, 32 ° 509E , February 1995, F. Koch ( MNHU); 1 ex., Charters Creek , 28 ° 129S, 32 ° 259E , February 1995, F. Koch ( MNHU); 5 ex., Kwa Zulu , 27 ° 379S, 32 ° 419E , November 1995, F. Koch ( MNHU). Tanzania: 1 ex., Kilimandscharo, Kibonoto, Kulturz., Sjöstedt ( NHRS); 1 ex., Tanga, Sjöstedt ( NHRS); 2 ex., Namupa ( NHRS); 2 ex., Tanganjika ( RMNH); 4 ex., Zansibar , Heyne ( ZISP); 1 ex., Zansibar , Benningsen ( ZISP); 3 ex., Deutsch-Ostafrika , Benningsen ( ZISP); 2 ex., Dar-es-Salam , 6 ° 519S, 39 ° 189E, Benningsen ( ZISP); 1 ex., Hecq ( IRSNB); 7 ex., Zansibar , Schulz ( MNHU / IRSNB); 2 ex., Zansibar ( NHMW); 7 ex., Zansibar , coll. Kraatz ( DEI); 6 ex., Zansibar , coll. Breuning ( MRAC); 4 ex., Zansibar ( MMUE); 1 ex., Zansibar, 6 ° 109S, 39 ° 129E, Hildebrandt ( MNHU); 2 ex., Mahonda , 6 ° 09S , 39 ° 159E, P. Guillemé ( MNHN); 10 ex., Mkokotoni, 5 ° 539S, 39 ° 159E, Raffray ( MNHN); 1 ex., Salam , 6 ° 039S , 39 ° 149E ( ZMUH); 27 ex., Usambara, Ngwale , 10 ° 059S , 37 ° 569E ( IRSNB); 3 ex., Dodoma, 6 ° 109S, 35 ° 409E, Benigs ( MNHU); 4 ex., Dar es Salaam, 6 ° 519S, 39 ° 189E, C. Uhlig ( MNHU); 7 ex., Dar es Salaam, Regner and Emmerling ( MNHU); 3 ex., Dar es Salaam , coll. v. Bennigsen ( DEI); 2 ex., Massaisteppe, Naberera, 4 ° 119S, 36 ° 559E, Ch. Schröder ( MNHU); 2 ex., Njoro , 5 ° 169S, 36 ° 309E, 1100 m, Ch. Schröder ( MNHU); 7 ex., Tanga, 5 ° 079S, 39 ° 59E , Methner ( MNHU); 1 ex., Pangani , 5 ° 279S, 39 ° 009E , Conradt ( MNHU); 7 ex., I. Ukerewe, 2 ° 99S, 32 ° 529E, Conrads ( MNHU); 1 ex., Karema, 6 ° 509S, 30 ° 259 E, S. Böhm ( MNHU); 1 ex., Kigoma, 4 ° 529S, 29 ° 369E, Häflinger ( MNHU); 3 ex., Usambara, 4 ° 589S, 38 ° 209E ( MNHU); 4 ex., Moshi, 3 ° 209S, 37 ° 219 E, G. Hauser ( MNHU); 6 ex., Kigoma, 4 ° 529S, 29 ° 369E, Staudinger ( MRAC); 5 ex., Usambara, Ngwale , 10 ° 59S , 37 ° 569E, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC); 2 ex., Ugweno ( MNHU); 1 ex., Sadani , 6 ° 059S , 38 ° 469E ( MNHU); 1 ex., I. Mafia , 7 ° 569S, 39 ° 509E , coll. v. Bennigsen ( DEI); 1 ex., Mahonda , 6 ° 009S , 39 ° 159E, 1879, A. Hacquard ( MNHN); 7 ex., Chwaka , 6 ° 109S, 39 ° 269E, 1885, J. V. Leroy ( MNHN); 1 ex., Tabora, 5 ° 029S , 32 ° 509E, 1885 ( MNHN); 4 ex., Zansibar , 6 ° 109S, 39 ° 129E , June 1888 – June 1889, coll. Stuhlmann ( NMK / IRSNB); 10 ex., Quilimane , January–March 1889, coll. Stuhlmann ( IRSNB / MNHU); 42 ex., Zansibar, Mkokotoni , 5 ° 539S, 39 ° 159E , August 1889, Voeltzkow ( MNHU); 13 ex., Pangani , 5 ° 279S, 39 ° 009E , December 1889, coll. Stuhlmann ( IRSNB); 1 ex., Bukombe , 3 ° 329S, 32 ° 049E , October 1890, coll. Stuhlmann ( IRSNB); 1 ex., Bagamoyo , 6 ° 269S, 38 ° 559E , December 1892 ( MNHU); 1 ex., Zansibar, 1893, L. Fairmaire ( MNHN); 2 ex., Umbugwe , November 1893, O. Neumann ( MNHU); 2 ex., Mahonde , 7 ° 009S , 33 ° 199E, May 1898 ( BMNH); 2 ex., Rukwa, 8 ° 009S , 32 ° 209E, August 1899, coll. Kraatz ( DEI); 7 ex., Mwera , 5 ° 319S, 38 ° 589E , August 1899, Glauning ( MNHU); 2 ex., Umba Fluss, Steind., 1902 ( NHMW); 1 ex., Pugu , 6 ° 559S, 39 ° 049E , March 1902, Holtz ( MNHU); 2 ex., Kola , 7 ° 009S, 39 ° 009E , March 1902, Holtz ( MNHU); 10 ex., I. Pemba, Chake-Chake , 5 ° 129S, 39 ° 449E , March 1903, Voeltzkow ( MNHU); 1 ex., Arusha, 3 ° 219S, 36 ° 409E , October 1904, C. Uhlig ( MNHU); 7 ex., Salam , 6 ° 039S , 39 ° 149E, 1905, G. Revoil ( BMNH); 1 ex., Tanga, 5 ° 079S, 39 ° 59E , February 1905, Ch. Schröder ( MNHU); 5 ex., Sikonge , 5 ° 389S, 32 ° 469E, 700 m , December 1905, coll. Clavareau ( MRAC); 5 ex., Mt Meru , 3 ° 159S, 36 ° 449E, 700–1600 m , January 1906, Ch. Schröder ( MNHU); 3 ex., Mt Kilimandjaro, 3 ° 029S , 37 ° 209E, January 1906, Ch. Schröder ( MNHU); 2 ex., Zansibar , 6 ° 109S, 39 ° 129E, 1907, C. Felsche ( SMTK); 17 ex., Tabora, 5 ° 029S , 32 ° 509E, March 1908, Wintgens ( MNHU); 4 ex., Lake Ippe, 1910, Gotsch ( NHMW); 1 ex., Ruaha , 7 ° 239S, 36 ° 319E , December 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 16 ex., Usa , 3 ° 249S, 36 ° 519E, 1100–1500 m , November 1910 – December 1911, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 8 ex., Kilosa , 6 ° 499S, 37 ° 009E , 500–800 m, December 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 12 ex., Mt Meru , 3 ° 159S, 36 ° 449E, 1500–2800 m , February 1911, S. A. Neave ( MRAC); 2 ex., Mikindani , 10 ° 169S, 40 ° 059E , March 1911, H. Grote ( MNHU); 1 ex., Tanga, 5 ° 079S, 39 ° 059E , May 1911, Methner ( MNHU); 1 ex., Mlola , 4 ° 399S, 38 ° 259E, 1200 m , November 1911 ( MNHU); 5 ex., Zansibar, 6 ° 109S, 39 ° 129E, 1912, W. Andersen ( BMNH); 6 ex., Pugu , 6 ° 559S, 39 ° 049E , 1913, Holtz ( MNHU); 4 ex., Kuruti , 7 ° 149S, 39 ° 239E , December 1915, Holtz ( MNHU); 2 ex., Nyange , 4 ° 089S, 30 ° 209’E , January 1933, L. Burgeon ( MRAC); 4 ex., Songea , 1100 m , April–May 1936, Zerny ( NHMW); 2 ex., Mt Meru , 3 ° 159S, 36 ° 449’E , July 1943, van Someren ( MRAC); 1 ex., Sagara , 2 ° 409S, 33 ° 009E , 1947, M. Steele ( BMNH); 1 ex., Mwera , 5 ° 319S, 38 ° 589E , February 1949, G. N. D. Deal ( NMK); 1 ex., Usambara , 4 ° 589S, 38 ° 209E , May 1949, T. H. Jackson ( NMK); 1 ex., Morogoro, 6 ° 499S, 37 ° 409E , April 1954, E. Pinhey ( NMK); 3 ex., Ruaha , 7 ° 239S, 36 ° 319E , August 1954, R. Rijkebusch ( NMK); 2 ex., Arusha, 3 ° 219S, 36 ° 409E , June 1955, R. Rijkebusch ( NMK); 3 ex., Mt Ukwene , 3 ° 419S, 32 ° 219E , October 1960, I. Robertson ( BMNH); 1 ex., Mwera , 5 ° 319S, 38 ° 589E , June 1990, G. J. Oduor ( NMK); 1 ex., Mts Uluguru , 7 ° 049S , 37 ° 429E, April 1991, Werner ( MNHU); 2 ex., Kondoa , 4 ° 549S, 35 ° 469E , July 1993 ( BMNH). Uganda: 1 ex. , coll. Clavareau ( MRAC); 1 ex., Kitwe, 0 ° 089S, 30 ° 309E ( MNHU); 1 ex., Kakira , 0 ° 319N, 33 ° 159E, 1100 m , August 1911, S. A. Neave ( MRAC); 1 ex., Entebbe , 0 ° 059N , 32 ° 299E, January 1912, S. A. Neave ( MRAC); 1 ex., Kampala, 0 ° 199N, 32 ° 359E , February 1915, C. Gowdey ( MRAC); 1 ex., Kampala , December 1946, A. F. J. Gedye ( NMK). Zambia: 5 ex., Zambezi, Ba (o)roma ( NHMW); 1 ex., L. Bangweulu, 11 ° 159S, 29 ° 459E ( BMNH); 9 ex., Zambesi , 13 ° 339S, 23 ° 089E , October 1906, F. Seiner ( MNHU); 2 ex., Luangwa , 14 ° 599S, 30 ° 149E, 700 m , March 1908, coll. S. A. Neave ( OUMNH); 4 ex., Chinsali , 10 ° 339S, 32 ° 059E , 1100 m, April 1908, coll. S. A. Neave ( OUMNH); 2 ex., Luangwa , 14 ° 599S, 30 ° 149E , August 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 1 ex., Fort Jameson , 13 ° 409S, 32 ° 429E, 1300–1500 m , October 1910, S. A. Neave ( BMNH); 1 ex., Namwala , 15 ° 449S, 26 ° 259E , June 1914, H. C. Dollman ( BMNH); 7 ex., L. Bangweulu , 11 ° 159S, 29 ° 459E , October–November 1946 ( BMNH). Zimbabwe: 1 ex., Salisbury , 17 ° 439S, 31 ° 059E , January 1899, G. A. K. Marshall ( BMNH); 1 ex., Charter, Enkeldoorn , 19 ° 019S , 30 ° 539E, November 1970, O. Bourquin ( SANC) .

Figures

Figure 38. Distribution of Candezea flaveola.

Figures 34–37. Candezea flaveola (Gerstaecker, 1855). (34) Typical colour pattern: (A) male; (B) female. (35) Bursa sclerites. (36) Spermathecae of three different females. (37) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral.

Figures 39–42. Candezea franzkrappi sp. nov. (39) Typical colour pattern: (A) male; (B) female. (40) Bursa sclerites. (41) Spermathecae of three different females. (42) Median lobe: (A) dorsal; (B) lateral.