Cephaloleia dilaticollis Baly, 1858

Staines, Charles L. & Garcia-Robledo, Carlos, 2014, The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae), ZooKeys 436, pp. 1-355 : 113-114

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae

Cephaloleia dilaticollis Baly, 1858 Fig. 119

Cephalolia dilaticollis Baly 1858: 46. Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3601 (catalog); Donckier 1899: 548 (catalog); Weise 1911a: 7 (catalog), 1911b: 11 (catalog).

Cephaloleia dilaticollis Baly. Baly 1885: 13 (distribution); Uhmann 1936a: 112 (comparative note); Blackwelder 1946: 719 (catalog); Papp 1953: 15 (catalog); Uhmann 1957a: 17 (catalog); Wilcox 1983: 136 (catalog); Staines 1996: 27 (Central America species), 1996(1997): 14 (Nicaragua species), 2004: 312 (host plants), 2011: 49 (faunal list); Maes 1999: 1016 (faunal list); Staines and Staines 1999: 523 (Baly species list); McKenna and Farrell 2005: 119 (phylogeny), 2006: 10949 (phylogeny); Meskins et al. 2008: 163 (host plants), 2011: 483 (food web); Descampe et al. 2008: 227 (host plants); García–Robledo et al. 2010: 51 (larva, biology), 2013a: 3 (biology), 2013b: 193 (biology); García–Robledo and Horvitz 2011: 978 (biology), 2012: 40 (biology).

Cephalolia laticollis Baly 1869 a: 368 (type: Upper Amazons; Peru, BMNH, not seen). Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3601 (catalog); Donckier 1899: 549 (catalog); Weise 1910: 87 (synonymy), 1911a: 7 (catalog), 1911b: 11 (catalog).

Cephaloleia laticollis Baly. Waterhouse 1881: 262 (distribution); Staines and Staines 1999: 524 (Baly species list).

Cephalolia dilaticollis laticollis Baly. Uhmann 1930a: 224 (faunal list).

Cephalolia abscisa Uhmann 1936a: 112 (Lectotype: Costa Rica, Hamburg Farm, F. Nevermann [green printed lable]/ Ebene Limon, 15.II.1924/24.V.1931 [reversed green label]/ Holotyp [red printed label]/ Cephalolia abscisa Uh., DEI). Uhmann 1942: 94 (noted), 1953: 47 (faunal list).

Cephaloleia abscisa Uhmann. Blackwelder 1946: 718 (catalog); Papp 1953: 13 (catalog); Uhmann 1957a: 14 (catalog); Gaedike and Döbler 1971: 341 (types): Staines 1996: 27 (synonymy), 1997: 413 (Uhmann species list).

Description.

Subquadrate; flattened; reddish brown, eyes and apical four antennomeres darker. Head: vertex with faint medial carina, sparsely punctate; frons not projecting; not depressed between eyes. Antenna: reaches to humerus; robust; antennomere 1 obovate, subequal to 3; 2 transverse; 3 elongate; 4-10 transverse, subequal in length; 11 2 × length of 10, pointed at apex; 1-2 punctate with scattered setae; 3-11 setose. Pronotum: twice as wide as long; lateral margin dilated, slightly rounded; anterior angle angulate; posterior angle angulate; anterior margin emarginate behind head; disc flat; surface sparsely punctate; basal impression absent; pronotal length 0.7-1.0 mm; pronotal width 1.9 mm. Scutellum: triangular; impunctate. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, margined; apex obtusely rounded; sutural angle without tooth; humerus rounded, not produced; slightly constricted behind humerus; slightly convex, flattened along suture; finely punctate-striate; puncture rows converge and unite at apex; last segment of pygidium u-shaped in male, truncate in female; elytral length 3.0-3.6 mm; elytral width 2.1 mm. Venter: prosternum rugose medially, impunctate laterally; meso- and metasterna impunctate medially, punctate laterally; abdominal sterna sparsely punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 obsolete medially; last sternite with apical margin u-shaped in male, truncate in female. Leg: slender; punctate; tibia darker at base, fringe of setae on inner apical margin. Total length: 4.3-4.6 mm; females are larger than males.

Diagnosis.

This species is similar to Cephaloleia aequilata and Cephaloleia cognata . It can be distinguished from Cephaloleia aequilata by elytral puncture rows 6 to 9 distinct on the humerus and from Cephaloleia cognata by lacking a costate interspace behind the humerus on the elytra.

Comments.

Preliminary analysis of the CO1 gene indicates that cryptic species may be present under the current application of this species name. Further work is needed to resolve this question.

Host plant.

Adults have been collected on Musaceae and Calathea insignis Hort. and Bull. ( Staines 1996); Cephaloleia lutea Schult. ( Marantaceae ), Renealmia sp. ( Zingiberaceae ) ( McKenna and Farrell 2005), Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas ( García–Robledo et al. 2010); Cephaloleia inocephala (Kuntze) H. Kennedy, Ischnosiphon pruinosus Peterson ( Meskins et al. 2008); Cephaloleia insignis Hort. and Bull. ( Descampe et al. 2008) ( Marantaceae ); Cephaloleia crotalifera S. Watson, Cephaloleia lasiostachya Donn. Sm., Cephaloleia marantifolia Standl., Cephaloleia similis H. Kenn., Heliconia imbricata Baker, Heliconia latispatha Benth., Heliconia pogonantha Cufod., ( Heliconiaceae ) Renealmia cernua J. F. Macbr. ( Zingiberaceae ), ( García–Robledo et al. 2013a); Heliconia latispatha Benth., Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav. (Heliconiceae), Musa paradisiaca L ( Musaceae ) ( Schmitt and Frank 2013); Cephaloleia guzmanioides L. B. Sm. and Idrobo, Alpinia purpurata K. Schum., Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, Musa velutina H. Wendl. and Drude ( Musaceae ).

Immatures.

Color when live (Figs 31-34) pale yellowish-brown, margins translucent; which dark markings as follows: posterior margin and small medial macula on pronotum; mesonotum with medial longitudinal vitta and basal margin; metanotum and abdominal tergite 1 with medial longitudinal vitta and anterior and posterior margins; abdominal tergites 2-4 with medial longitudinal vitta; tergites 6-7 similar to metanotum; tergites 8-10 with medial longitudinal vitta. Venter pale yellowish. Color when dead pale yellowish with dark markings. With medial longitudinal ridge from anterior to posterior margin. Pronotum with central raised area, surface micropustulate; with two diagonal carinae from central raised area to anterior margin; anterior and lateral areas punctate. Mesonotum with anterior margin carinate from side to side; laterally with sharply curved carina which extends to anterior margin; punctate laterally. Metanotum with diagonal carina which extends to lateral margin; punctate laterally. Abdominal tergites 1-6 wider than long, decreasing in width; punctate laterally. Tergites 7-9 with two diagonal carinae on each side which extend to lateral margins. Spiracles just off central elevation, with margins darkened. Venter: surface of expansions rugose-punctate. Head surface punctate; labrum with surface alutaceous, without setae; clypeus with fringe of long setae at apex, with four setae on apical ½, surface alutaceous; mandibles tridentate; maxillary palps with 2 palpomeres and 12 short, robust setae at apex; maxilla robust, clavate, with fringe of long setae at apex; labium densely setose. Antenna with antennomere 1 longer than 2, subelongate; 2 wider than 1, transverse; 3 obconical, slightly longer than 2, with short setae at apex. Prosternum nearly as wide as long. Meso- and metasterna wider than long. Abdominal sternites 1-7 wider than long; decreasing in width; with three sulci on apical ½; laterally with curved sulcus dividing the sternite into thirds; sternite 8 similar to preceding but without any sulci; sterna 9-10 fused, rounded at apex. Leg robust; femur rugose-striate, with scattered setae; tibiotarsus obconical, with scattered long setae and strong claw at apex. Total length: 5.7-6.0 mm; width 3.6 mm. ( García–Robledo et al. 2010).

Biology.

From García–Robledo et al. (2010): Eggs are about 2 mm long and are laid singly or in clusters or two or more on host plant petioles or rolled leaves and are covered with frass. Eggs hatch in 5 to 9 days. The larvae have two instars, the first lasting 8 to 14 days and the second 24 to 40 days. The pupal stage lasts 13 to 19 days. Adults live about 169 days.

Distribution.

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Type material examined.

Syntype: Bogata [handwritten label]/ Cephalolia dilaticollis Baly, Bogata [blue handwritten label] (BMNH, 1).

Specimens examined.

Bolivia: Cochabamba- 67.5 km NE Cochabamba, Est Biol Valle del Sajita, 9-13 February 1999 (SEMC). COSTA RICA: Alajuela- Estación Elasios, 700-800 m (INBIO); Peñas Blancas, 850 m, 17 May 1989, 19 May 1989 (SEMC). Cartago- 19.3 km NE San José, 1010 m, 17 May 1993 (SEMC); Turrialba, 4-13 August 1970 (USNM), 28 February 1980 (CMNC). Guanacaste- Finca Loaiciga, 500 m, 6 km S Sta Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, 23 September– 14 October 1992 (INBIO); Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S Sta. Cecilia, P.N. Guanacaste, February 1990, 12 May 1991, 22 October– 8 November 1992 (INBIO); Río San Lorenzo, 1050 m, Tierras Morenas, Z. P. Tenorio, April 1991, 28 March– 21 April 1992, August 1992 (INBIO). Heredia- Chilamate, 18-23 August 1988 (BYUC); Fca. La Selva nr. Puerto Viejo, 27 June 1969, 2 August 1969 (USNM), 31 March 1990 (MUCR), 03 July 2001, 7 April 2003, 12 March 2005 (USNM); Colateola area, La Selva, 5 August 1969 (USNM); Sarapiquí, Finca La Selva, 0-100 m (INBIO); La Selva Res. Stn., 16 July 1973 (EMEC), 1 September 1998 (BYUC); Los Arbolitos, La Virgen, 0-100 m (INBIO); Rara Avis Biological Station, 10 November 2011 (USNM). Limón- Cerro Tortuguero, 0-120 m, P. N. Tortuguero, February 1993 (INBIO); 7 mi N Guacimo, 22 February– 3 March 1988 (BYUC); Guápiles, 17 February 1924 (USNM); Hamburg Farm, Reventazón, Ebene Limón, 3 March 1928, 22 May 1931, 24 May 1931 (USNM), 24 May 1931 (DEI), February 1925, February 1932 (MUCR); Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, January 1991, June 1991, 12 April 1992, 30 June– 20 July 1992 (INBIO); Sector Cerro Cocorí, Fca. de E. Rojas, 150 m, November 1991, March 1992, 12-31 August 1992 (INBIO); Waldeck, 17 February 1924 (USNM); Valle La Estrella, 100-200 m (INBIO); Pococí, Colorado, Estación Cuatro Esquinas (INBIO); A. C. Llanuras del Tortuguero, 0-100 m (INBIO); Pococí, Sector Cerro Cocorí, 30 km N Cariari, 100-200 m (INBIO); Amubri, Sendero Soki, 0-100 m (INBIO); Talamanca, Amubri, 0-100 m (INBIO); Gandoca Manzanillo, 0-100 m (INBIO). Puntarenas- Las Alturas, 1400 m, 22 May 1992 (CDFA); Coto Brus, Las Cruces Biological Station, 5 March 2012, 10 March 2012 (USNM); Corcovado National Park, Sierna Stn., Corcovado Trail, 150 m, 29 June 2000 (SEMC); 1.5 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 11 August 1969 (USNM); Rancho Quemado, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m, February 1991, April 1991, October 1991, 21 March– 7 April 1992 (INBIO); 5 km S. Rincón, 20 March 1973 (SEMC); 3.5 mi. S. Rincón, Osa Peninsula, 28 February-12 March 1969 (CASC); Est. Sirena, Corcovado N.P., 0-100 m, January 1990, March 1990, April 1990, September 1991, November 1991, December 1991, January 1992, 12-31 August 1992 (INBIO); Sirena Station, Corcovado National Park, Corcovado Trail, 29 June 2000 (SEMC); Sirena Station, Corcovado National Park, lower Ollas Trail, 24-28 June 2000 (SEMC); Estación Altamira, 1 km S Cerro Biolley, 1400-1500 m (INBIO); F. Las Cruces, Laguna Gamboa, 1400-1500 m (INBIO); Estación Esquinas, Peninsula Osa, 0-100 m (INBIO); Est Río Bonito, 1.4 km O Cerro Gamba, 200-300 m (INBIO); Fila Madre, 3 km SW Cerro Rincón, 500-600 m (INBio); Sierpe, 0.2 km NW Estación Esquinas, 0-100 m (INBIO); Guacimal, Finca Buen Amigo, 1000-1100 m (INBIO); A. C. A., Bosque Eterno de los Niños, 1500-1600 m (INBIO); Est La Casona, Las Torres, 1500-1600 m (INBIO). San José- Finca La Caja, 14 June 1931 (MUCR); Teleferico, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 13 July 1999 (USNM). Ecuador: Esmeraldas- Canton San Lorenzo Chuchubi, 2 December 2008 (BYUC); San Mateo, 6 September 1958 (USNM); 31.7 km NW Lita, 620 m, 24 August 1997 (USNM). Imbabura- Cachabé, no date, November 1896 (USNM). Los Ríos- Río Palenque, 47 km S Sto. Domingo, 220 m, 26 August 1997 (USNM). Napo- Limoncoha, 8 June 1977 (USNM); San Rafael Falls, 20 km SW El Reventador, 7 August 1997 (USNM); San Rafael Falls, 1100 m, 5-6 August 1998 (USNM); Sacha Lodge, 14-24 March 1994, 14-24 May 1994, 16-29 August 1994, 23 March 1999 (SEMC); Shushufindi, 215 m, 12 August 1997 (USNM); Orellana- Tiputini Biodiversity Station, nr. Yasuni National Park, 220-250 m, 22 October 1998 (USNM); Yasuni, 10-13 August 1998 (USNM); Estación Cientifica Yasuni, 215 m, 5-10 September 1999 (EGRC). Pastaza- Puyo, 960 m, 1-8 October 1970 (USNM). MEXICO: no further data (USNM); Perez Zeledón, Santa Elena, Las Nubes, 1200-1300 m (INBIO); Finca El Gringo, Estación Las Nubes de Santa Elena, 1200-1300 m (INBIO); Finca El Gringo, Est. Las Nubes de Santa Elena, 1500-1600 m (INBIO). Nicaragua: Río San Juan- 60 km SE San Carlos, Refugio Bartoia, 27 May 2002 (SEMC). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro- 6 km N Punta Peña, 27 May 1993 (CDFA). Chiriquí- Bugaba (AMNH, USNM); + 10 mi. N. Concepción, 3 June 1977 (CMNC); Reserva Fortuna, Continental Divide Trail, 25 May 1993 (CDFA), 26 May 1993 (AJGC); Reserva La Fortuna, 26 May 1993 (EGRC); Reserva La Fortuna, Hydrographic sta. trail, 26 May 1993. Coclé- Cerro Gaital, 4000', 1 June 1993 (AJGC). Colón- Pipeline Rd. km 2, 12-17 June 1993, 21 June 1993 (SEMC); Porto Bello, 16 February 1911, 17 February 1911, 25 February 1911, 26 February 1911, 27 February 1911, 3 March 1911, 6 March 1911, 12 March 1911, 14 March 1911 (USNM). Panamá- Barro Colorado Island, 16 July 1994, 22 July 1994, 1 August 1994, 11 August 1994, 30 June– 5 July 2000, 23-27 July 2000, 7 July 2000, 31 July– 4 August 2000 (SEMC); Cerro Campana, 3000', 29 July 1970 (CMNC), 11-15 May 1980 (USNM), 12 March 1972 (EGRC). PERU: no further data (USNM). Huanuco- Tingo Maria, 19 July 1968 (BYUC). Loreto- Reserva Alpahuayo Mishana, 27 May 2005 (USNM). Madre de Dios- CICRA Field Station, 272 m, 10 June 2011, 12 June 2011, 13 June 2011, 14 June 2011 (SEMC). San Martin- Río Seco, 27 km W Rioja, 23 September 1938 (SEMC). Total: 330.