Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb, 1957

Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G., 2017, Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species, ZooKeys 701, pp. 1-496 : 1

Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb, 1957

Torrenticola neoanomala Habeeb, 1957: 2.

Material examined.

HOLOTYPE (♂): from Canada, New Brunswick, Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.

PARATYPES (1 ♀; 0 ♂): New Brunswick, Canada: 1 ♀ from Victoria County, Salmon River, 21 Jun 1953, by H Habeeb, HH530075.

OTHER MATERIAL (27 ♀; 26 ♂; 1 nymph): Arkansas, USA: 1 nymph from Montgomery County, Caddo Gap, access track off Manfred Road, 0.3 km west of Route 8, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037 • 1 ♀ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Mill Creek (36°3'42.12"N, 93°8'7.62"W), 30 May 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0530-004 • Kentucky, USA: 1 ♂ from McCreary County, White Oak Junction, Rock Creek, beside Forest Route 556, 2.3 kilometers south of Route 1363, 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082A • Maine, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Aroostook County, Ashland, beside Route 11 at bridge, Aroostook River (46°38'N, 68°24'W), 4 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890067 • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Piscataquis County, Baxter State Park, Trout Brook, beside road, 25 Jul 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800125A • 1 ♂ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 Jun 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012 • Missouri, USA: 1 ♀ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, Red Bluff campground, east of Davisville, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029 • 1 ♂ from McDonald County, Tiff City, beside Route 43, Buffalo Creek (36°40'17"N, 94°36'17"W), 2 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960004 • New Brunswick, Canada: 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdeguash River, beside Highway 770 at covered bridge, 30 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890053 • 3 ♀ from Charlotte County, Rollingham, Digdegaush River, beside Highway 770, 3 Oct 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110118 • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from York County, Magaguadavic River, beside Highway 3 just east of Thomaston Corners, 1 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890055A • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from York County, Nashwaak River, beside Highway 8, 1.7 kilometers north of Durham Bridge Road, 2 Jul 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890058 • New York, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Essex County, Minerva Boreas River, beside Route 28N, 13.8 kilometers northwest of Morse Memorial Parkway, 21 Jun 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900050A • 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Schuyler County, beside Town Line Road off Route 228, 0.6 kilometers south of Perry City, 21 July 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900112A • Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Antigonish County, Antigonish, West River, 1 Jul 1981, IMS810050 • 1 ♂ from Guysborough County, Sherbrooke, St. Mary’s River, 17 Sep 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110087 • 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Victoria County, Cape Brenton Island, Baddeck River, beside road to Baddeck Forks, 18 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810082 • Ontario, Canada: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Grey County, Durham, Saugeen River, beside County Road 27 near Durham Conservation Area, 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A • Pennsylvania, USA: 1 ♀ from Fayette County, Ohiopyle State Park, Laurel Run (39°50'58"N, 79°30'51"W), 10 Aug 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0810-005 • Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountians National Park, Little River (35°40'56"N, 83°39'2"W), 8 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090103 • 2 ♀ from Monroe County, Tellico River, beside Forest Route 210, 1.8 kilometers east of bridge at Bald River Falls, 5 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900079 • Texas, USA: 1 ♂ from Shackelford County, Albany, beside Route 180, 4.6 kilometers east of Route 283 (32°44'29"N, 99°14'17"W), 3 May 1996, by IM Smith, IMS960007 • Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ from Alleghany County, Longdale Furnace, Simpson Creek, beside Forest Road 108, 1.7 kilometers west of Route 850, 14 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900094 • West Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Pendleton County, North Fork South Branch Potomac River, beside Route 28/55, 20.8 kilometers southwest of Route 42, 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900104.

Type deposition.

Holotype (♀) and allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC.

Diagnosis.

Torrenticola neoanomala are similar to species with similar dorsal patterning, such as the Rusetria “4-Plate” group ( T. dunni , T. glomerabilis , T. kittatinniana , T. pollani , T. rufoalba , and T. shubini ), Elongata Group ( T. elongata , T. gorti , and T. reduncarostra ) and T. interiorensis , T. bondi , T. erectirostra , T. robisoni , T. irapalpa , T. racupalpa , T. skvarlai , and T. arktonyx . They can be differentiated from Rusetria 4-Plates and T. skvarlai by having distinct hind coxal margins. T. neoanomala can be differentiated from T. erectirostra and T. robisoni by having a straight, anteriorly-directed rostrum (upturned in T. erectirostra and T. robisoni ). T. neoanomala can be differentiated from T. arktonyx by having an unmodified dorsal plate ( T. arktonyx has distinctive longitudinal dark markings on the anterior portion of the dorsal plate that fade posteriorly). T. neoanomala can be differentiated from T. racupalpa and T. irapalpa by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.79-3.23 in T. neoanomala , 2.17-2.67 in others) and Dgl-4 closer to the dorsal edge (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.37-1.5 in T. neoanomala , 1.58-2.77 in others). T. neoanomala can be differentiated from Elongata Group by being slightly more ovoid (dorsum length/width ♀ = 1.35-1.43 in T. neoanomala , 1.45-2.08 in Elongata Group; ♂ = 1.43-1.50 in T. neoanomala , 1.51-1.7 in Elongata Group) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 2.59-2.90 in T. neoanomala , 3.24-4.00 in Elongata Group). T. neoanomala can be differentiated from T. bondi by having a longer medial suture (♀ = 22-40 in T. neoanomala , 10-15 in T. bondi ; ♂ = 95-108 in T. neoanomala , 55-70 in T. bondi ) and by anterior venter/genital field width (♀ = 1.39-1.45 in T. neoanomala , 1.15-1.25 in T. bondi ; ♂ = 2.42-2.66 in T. neoanomala , 1.95-2.05 in T. bondi ). Female T. neoanomala can be differentiated from female T. interiorensis by having more elongate anterio-lateral platelets (length/width = 2.86-3.09 in T. neoanomala , 2.62-2.67 in T. interiorensis ). Male T. neoanomala can be differentiated from male T. interiorensis by having a longer anterior venter (267.5-290 in T. neoanomala , 220-240 in T. interiorensis ) and a longer genital field (145-160 in T. neoanomala , 132-138 in T. interiorensis ).

Re-description.

Female (Figure 162) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.

Dorsum - (590-680 (650) long; 420-480 (480) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (135-155 (140) long; 52.5-65 (60) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (177.5-205 (205) long; 57.5-70 (67.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 280-345 (345)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.35-1.43 (1.35); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.50 (1.39); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.23-2.58 (2.33); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.86-3.09 (3.04); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.46).

Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-350 long (ventral); 235-259 long (dorsal); 130-152.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (120-142.5 long; 45-55 wide). Chelicerae (315-358 long) with curved fangs (56-61 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.30-2.46; rostrum length/width 2.59-2.89. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (110-128.75 (123.75) long); genu (67.5-75 (70) long); tibia (77.5-90 (90) long; 21.25-25 (25) wide); tarsus (16.25-20 (20) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.63-1.81 (1.77); tibia/femur 0.67-0.74 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.58-3.68 (3.60).

Venter - (680-820 (770) long; 480-570 (570) wide) mostly colorless with faint bluish-purple or purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (147.5-177.5 (160) long; 87.5-107.5 (107.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (22.5-40 (40) long). Genital plates (157.5-187.5 (187.5) long; 140-155 (145) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (300-334 (325) long (total); 144-169 (162.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (336-412.5 (412.5) wide); anterior venter (195-225 (207.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.78 (1.49); anterior venter/genital field length 1.11-1.27 (1.11); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.39-1.45 (1.43); anterior venter/medial suture 5.19-9.44 (5.19).

Male (Figure 163) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.

Dorsum - (545-635 (555) long; 370-430 (370) wide) ovoid with bluish-purple to purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions with faint orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (120-130 (120) long; 48.75-62.5 (48.75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (167.5-197.5 (167.5) long; 55-62.5 (60) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-315 (265)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.43-1.50 (1.50); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.37-1.49 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.08-2.46 (2.46); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.79-3.23 (2.79); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.40-1.52 (1.40).

Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5-315 (272.5) long (ventral); 207.5-235 (207.5) long (dorsal); 97.5-122.5 (97.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (112.5-127.5 (112.5) long; 38.75-45 (38.75) wide). Chelicerae (262-307 (267.5) long) with curved fangs (48-58 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.57-2.79 (2.79); rostrum length/width 2.67-2.90 (2.90). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (40-42.5 (40) long); femur (100-115 (100) long); genu (60-70 (60) long); tibia (78.75-87.5 (78.75) long; 20-26.25 (20) wide); tarsus (15-20 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.69 (1.67); tibia/femur 0.74-0.80 (0.79); tibia length/width 3.33-3.94 (3.94).

Venter - (675-770 (675) long; 420-515 (470) wide) mostly colorless with faint bluish-purple or purple in areas surrounding coxae. Gnathosomal bay (127.5-152.5 (127.5) long; 68.75-90 (73.75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (95-107.5 (102.5) long). Genital plates (145-160 (150) long; 102.5-120 (102.5) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (270-323 (270) long (total); 142-169 (152.5) long (medial)); Cx-3 (322-384 (340) wide); anterior venter (267.5-290 (272.5) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.69-2.15 (1.73); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-1.90 (1.82); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.42-2.66 (2.66); anterior venter/medial suture 2.60-2.83 (2.66).

Immatures unknown.

Etymology.

Habeeb (1957) did not specify an etymology for the specific epithet ( neoanomala ). In fact, Habeeb (1955) initially identified the specimens as the Palaearctic T. anomala , but later (1957) writes, "The mite I reported as Torrenticola anomala (Koch) is now seen to be distinct from this European form." So, this name surely refers to the similarity of this species to the T. anomala (Koch, 1837) ( néos, G. new).

Distribution.

T. neoanomala was previously known only from Albert County, New Brunswick, but we extend its range throughout eastern North America (Figure 161). Records from Shackelford County, Texas, make T. neoanomala one of the few eastern Torrenticola that are found in the Great Plains.

Remarks.

Torrenticola neoanomala groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support and specimens are less than 2.5% different in COI sequence from each other. In the combined analysis, T. neoanomala groups with the superficially similar T. interiorensis , and specimens from these species are greater than 9% different in COI sequence from each other.

Based upon this relationship and their similarity, we place these species in the Neoanomala Identification Group. The Neoanomala Group shares a phylogenetic affinity for members of the similar-looking Erectirostra Group.

This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.