Eumenotes obscura Westwood, 1846

Kment, Petr & Kocorek, Anna, 2014, Afromenotes hirsuta, a new genus and species of Eumenotini from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1), pp. 109-131 : 119-122

Eumenotes obscura Westwood, 1846

(Figs 4, 7, 9, 11, 16–19, 21, 23, 26)

Eumenotes obscura Westwood, 1846: 67 (description). LECTOTYPE: J, type locality unknown (OXUM) (designated by DURAI 1987: 262).

Eumenotes obscura: WESTWOOD (1847) : 247 + pl. 18: ¿g. 4 (redescription, habitus ¿gure); DALLAS (1851): 364 (catalogue), DOHRN (1859): 23 (list); VOLLENHOVEN (1868): 49 (redescription, distribution); WALKER (1868): 504 (distribution); STÅL (1870):89 (catalogue, distribution); STÅL (1871): 609, 645 (morphology, check-list, distribution); LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1893): 240 (catalogue, distribution); DISTANT (1903a): 476 (new synonym); DISTANT

Ż Figs 12í19. External scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands: 12–15 – Afromenotes hirsuta gen. & sp. nov., holotype,female; 14–17 – Eumenotes obscura Westwood,1846 , 1 male, Laos:Namtha. 12, 16 – meso- and metathorax, lateral view (12 – magni¿cation 65×, 14 í 50×); 13, 17 – external scent efferent system (13 – 170×, 17 – 90×); 14, 18 – detail of ostiole, peritreme, and evaporatorium (14 – 320×, 18 – 180×); 15, 19 – detail of peritremal surface (15 – 500×, 19 – 500×).Abbreviations: e – evaporatorium, ec – evaporatory channel, o – ostiole, p – peritreme, pod – periostiolar depression, s – metathoracic spiracle. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (Figs 14, 15, 19), 0.2 mm (Figs 13, 18), 0.3 mm (Fig. 17), 0.5 mm (Figs 12, 16).

(1903b): 153, 155–156 (redescription, new synonym, ¿gure, distribution); BANKS (1909): 564–565, pl. II (morphology, teratology, habitus ¿gure, catalogue, distribution); KIRKALDY (1909): 344, 361 (catalogue, distribution); DISTANT (1910): 419–420 (variability); BERGROTH (1911): 29 (morphology, variability, distribution); SCHOUTEDEN (1913): 15–16 (redescription, habitus ¿gure, catalogue, distribution); PAIVA (1919): 255 (distribution).

Eumenotes obscurus (incorrect gender agreement): BREDDIN (1901): 14, 219 (check-list).

Eumenotus obscura (incorrect subsequent spelling): ESAKI (1922): 198 (differential diagnosis).

Eumenotes obscura (including pacao ): ESAKI (1930): 628 –631 (systematic placement, taxonomy, E. pacao synonymised with E. obscura , variability, habitus ¿gure); HOFFMANN (1935): 116 (catalogue, distribution); BLÖTE (1945): 308 (distribution); HOFFMANN (1948): 20 (distribution); MANNA (1951): 6, 44–46, ¿gs 23a–i (chromosomes, ¿gures, habitat, distribution); MILLER (1956): 46 (habitat); TAKARA (1957): 35 (distribution); SCUDDER (1959): 414 (morphology of female genitalia); STICHEL (1961): 725 (catalogue); STICHEL (1962): 205 (catalogue); COBBEN (1968): 116, 118–119 (egg); HSIAO et al. (1977): 72, pl. 9: ¿g. 131 (redescription, habitus ¿gure); DURAI (1986): 5 –6 (photo, check-list, distribution); DURAI (1987): 167, 261–263, 265, 356 (redescription, ¿gures, catalogue, distribution); SCHAEFER (1987): 161 (host plant); DURAI (1988): 123 –131 (description of egg and larval instars 1–5, ¿gures, bionomics, host plant, habitat, distribution); HUA (1990): 170 (check-list, distribution, host plant); LIS (1990): 139, 143 (catalogue, distribution); LIS (1992): 42 (distribution); DURAI (1993a): 41 –48 (description of egg and larval instars 1–5, bionomics, host plant, habitat, distribution).

Eumenotes obscura: KOCOREK & LIS (2000) : 9, 20–21 (taxonomy, distribution, ¿gures of male genitalia); KOCOREK & DANIELCZOK- DEMSKA (2002): 94, 96, 98 (spermatheca, ¿gure, distribution); LIS et al. (2002): 167, 182–183 (pretarsal structures, ¿gures, distribution); LIS (2003):298 –299 (absence of tympanal organ, distribution); GRAZIA et al. (2008): 11, 13–15, 17, 23–25, 29–31 (morphology, ¿gures of antenna and protibial apparatus, phylogenentic analysis); KMENT & VILÍMOVÁ (2010a): 5, 11, 47 (phylogenetic analysis, distribution); KOCOREK (2012): 2 (distribution); LIS et al. (2012): 61, 63, 65–66 (phylogeny).

Aradus truncatus Walker,1873: 39 (description, distribution). LECTOTYPE: ♀, Malaysia, Penang (BMNH) (designated by DURAI 1987: 262). Junior primary homonym of Aradus trunctaus Fieber, 1860 in Aradidae ; synonymized by DISTANT (1903a: 476).

Odonia truncata: BERGROTH (1889) : 733 –734 (redescription, new combination, distribution); DISTANT (1910): 419 –420 (variability).

Eumenotes insularis Distant, 1906: 417 (description, distribution). LECTOTYPE: J, Indonesia, Sangir [= Sangihe] Island (BMNH) (designated by DURAI 1987: 262). Synonymized by ESAKI (1930: 630).

Eumenotes insularis: BERGROTH (1908) : 184 (catalogue).

Material examined. INDIA: MEGHALAYA: 9 km NW of Jowai , 25°30ƍN 92°10ƍE, 1400 m a.s.l., 11.–15. v.1999, 1 J, J. Rolþík lgt., P. Kment det. ( ZJPC). – SIKKIM: Sikkim, Atkinson Coll., 1892-6, 1 J, P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Sikkim, 20.iv.1904, 1 J 2 ♀♀, H. Frühstorfer lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( BPBM) ; Sikkim, Regenzeit [= rain season], 1 J, H. Frühstorfer lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW) ; Sikkim, iii.–iv.[no year], 1 J 1 ♀, H. Frühstorfer lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW) ; Mungphu , 1888, 1 ♀, D. Atkinson lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Mungphu, Atkinson Coll., 92-6, 1 ♀, P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – UTTARAKHAND: 25 km W of Mussoorie, Yamuna river valley near Juido , 790 m a.s.l., 5.–7.viii.2003, 1 J, Z. Kejval lgt., P. Kment det. ( ZJPC). – WEST BENGAL: Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3.440–4.720 ft [= 1049–1439 m a.s.l.], 7.xi.1919, 1 J, H. Stevens lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Darjeeling, Godalphara, Rungbong Vy [= valley], vi.1920, 1 ♀, H. Stevens lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Darjeeling, Namsoo, 2.100 ft [= 640 m a.s.l.], 27.v.1918, 1 J, H. Stevens lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). –– MYANMAR: Burma , 1928, D. J. Atkinson lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – THAILAND: CHIANG MAI PROVINCE: ca. 3 km E Samoeng, 18°51ƍ43.4ƎN 98°42ƍ13.1ƎE, garden area, 16.vii.1997, 1 ♀, W. Ullrich lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( WULG) ; Doi Pui env., 16.v.1998, 1 ♀, M. Knížek lgt., P. Kment det. ( ZJPC). – LAOS: ATTAPEU PROVINCE: Annam Highlands Mts., Dong Amphan NBCA, Nong Fa [crater lake] env., ca. 1160 m a.s.l., 15°05.9ƍN 107°25.6ƍ, 1 ♀, 30.iv.–6.v.2010, 1 ♀, J. Hájek lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC). – KHAMMOUAN PROVINCE: Ban Khoun Ngeun, 18°07ƍN 104°29ƍE, ca. 200 m a.s.l., 24.–29.iv.2001, 1 J 2 ♀♀, V. KubáĖ lgt., D. Rédei & P. Kment det. ( MMBC, NMPC). – LOUANG NAMTHA PROVINCE: Namtha ĺ Muang Sing (21°09ƍN 101°19ƍE), 900 í 1200 m a.s.l., 5.–31.v.1997, 2 JJ 4 ♀♀, V. KubáĖ lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC; 1 J in NMPC used for SEM) ; 15 km NW Louang Namtha, 21°07.5ƍN 101°21.0ƍE, 650í 850 m a.s.l., 13.í 24.v.1997, 1 J, E. Jendek & D. Šauša lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW). – LOUANG PHRABANG PROVINCE: Ban Song Cha (20°33ƍN 102°14ƍE), 1200 m a.s.l., 24.iv.–16.v.1999, 1 J 1 larva (instar 5), C. Holzschuh lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( EHIA) ; Ban Song Cha (5 km W) (20°33í4ƍN 102°14ƍE), ca. 1200 m a.s.l., 24.iv.í 16.v.1999, 1 J 3 ♀♀, V. KubáĖ lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC).Phongsaly Province: Phonsaly env., 21°41í2ƍN 102°06í8ƍE, ca. 1500 m a.s.l., 28.v.–20.vi.2003, 1♀, V. KubáĖ lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC). – XIENG KHOUANG PROVINCE: Xieng Khouang, 10.v.1919, 1 ♀, R. V. de Salvaza lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – CAMBODIA: Phnom-Penh, garden, 11°30ƍ34ƎN 104°53ƍ54ƎE, 31.vii.–15.viii.2013, 1 ♀, M. Petrýl lgt., P. Kment det. ( ZJPC). – VIETNAM: Hanoi, 21.v.–11.vi.1986, 1 ♀, J. Horák lgt., P. Kment & A. Kocorek det. ( NMPC) ; Tonkin, Ngan Son, v.1906, 1 J, no collector, P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – MALAYSIA: FEDERAL TERRITORY: Kuala Lumpur, Nr : L. Gardens, 19.ix.1934, 1 J, 21.ix.1934, 1 J, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. S. S. Durai & P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – KEDAH: N Kedah, Changloon , iv.–vii.1938, 1 ♀, no collector, P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – KELANTAN: Banjaran Titi Wangsa Mts. , Ladang Pandrak env., 1500–1800 m a.s.l., 9.–11.iv.1997, 1 ♀ 2 larva (instar 5), P. ýechovský lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( EHIA) ; Road between Kampong Raja and Gua Musang, 1400–1700 m a.s.l., Ladang Pandrak env., 04°63ƍN 101°45ƍE – 04°88ƍN 101°95ƍE, 28.iv.2006, 1J, P.ýechovský lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW). – PAHANG: Cameron Highlands , 4700–5000 ft [= 1433–1524 m a.s.l.], 15.v.1939, 1♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Cameron Highlands, G. Jerbakan , 4981 ft [= 1518 m a.s.l.], 9.v.1939, 1 ♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Cameron Highlands , 9.–23.iv.1999, 1 J, V. Kabourek lgt., P. Kment det. ( ZJPC) ; Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata , 4600 ft [= 1402 m a.s.l.], at light, 5.vi.1940, 1 ♀, N. C. E. Miller lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata , 1400 m a.s.l., xi.1983, 1 J, E. Heiss lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( EHIA) ; Tanah Rata , 12.í 19.ii.1998, 1 J 1 ♀, V. Tichý lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW) ; Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata village env., Gunung Jasar [Mt.], 1470–1705 m a.s.l., 04°28.4–7ƍN 101°21.6–22.1ƍE, 18.iv.–10.v.2009, 1 ♀, J. Hájek lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC; Fig. 4) ; Tanah Rata vill. env., Gunung Jasar Mt. , 1470í 1705 m a.s.l., 04°28.4–7ƍN 101°21.6–22.1ƍE, 5.iii.–2.iv.2009, 2 JJ, R. Hergovitz lgt., P. Kment det. ( MMBC) ; Fraser’s Hill , 4000 ft [= 1219 m a.s.l.], 30.vi.1933, 1 ♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; same locality, 4200 ft [= 1280 m a.s.l.], 21.v.1932, 1 larva (instar 5), 14.vii.1936, at light, 1 spec., H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Kuala Jahang, 30.xi.1921, 1 larva (instar 5), H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). TIOMAN ISLAND: Kpg. Telek – K. Juara, 4.–16.iii.1998, 2 JJ, D. Hauck lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( EHIA). – PERAK: Larat Hills , 3700–4500 ft [= 1128–1372 m a.s.l.], 7.–14.ii.1932, 2 ♀♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). SELANGOR: Bukit Kutu, 3000 ft [= 914 m a.s.l.], 27.iii.1932, 1 ♀, N. C. E. Miller lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Bukit Kutu , 3500 ft [= 1067 m a.s.l.], 11.ix.1929, 1 ♀, 21.iii.1931, 1 ♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Port Swettenham [= Port Klang], 4.vi.1927, 1 J, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). – SABAH: Borneo, Nord Kina Balu, 1904 , 1 ♀, Fr.Buffat lgt., ex.coll. Oberthür, P.Kment det. ( IRSN) ; near Kinabalu, Kabayan , 600 ft [= 183 m a.s.l.], 8.v.1929, 1 ♀, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Mt. Kinabalu, Kiau, 3.000 ft [= 914 m a.s.l.], 30.iii.1929, 1 J, H. M. Pendlebury lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH). SARAWAK: Sarwak , 1903, 1 ♀, C. J. Brooks lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Bau-Lundu Rd. , on padi [= rice], 29.xi.1966, 1 ♀, Salin Juses lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Gunong Mulu Nat.Park ., base camp, helipad, v.–viii.1978, P. M. Hammonds & J. E. Marshall lgt., P.Kment det.( BMNH) ; Kuching District, Mt. Serapi , 27.–29.iii.1994, 1 larva (instar 5), S. Bílý lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC) ; Long Mujan, Baram River , 4.x.1920, 5 JJ 1 ♀, J. C. Moulton lgt., P. S. S. Durai & P. Kment lgt. ( BMNH) ; foot of Mt. Dulit, junction of rivers Tinjar and Lejok , 9.viii.1932, in reed bed, 1 J 1 larva (instar 5), 28.viii.1932, flood refuse, cut reeds, 3 JJ 7 ♀♀ 1 spec., Ofxord University Expedition, B. M. Hobby & A. W. Moore lgt., D. Leston, R. Izzard, P. S. S. Durai & P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; the same locality, 6.ix.1932, 1 ♀, Oxford University Expedition, native collector, P. Kment lgt. ( BMNH). – INDONESIA: BALI: Bedugul Reg. , Tambilingan Lakes NP, 1200 m a.s.l., xi.2004, 3 JJ 12 ♀♀, S. Jákl lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW, NMPC). – MENTAWAI ISLANDS: SIBERUT: S Siberut, Salappa, 50í 100 m a.s.l., vi.2005, 1 J 1 ♀ ; 50 m a.s.l., ii.2006, 1 J 1 ♀, all S. Jákl lgt., P. Kment det. ( NHMW). – SERAM: Ceram, B.M. 1913-504, 1 ♀, E. Stresemann lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Maluku, Seram, Sasarata , 9 km E Wahai, 16.i.1997, 1 ♀, no collector, P. Kment det. ( ZJPC). – SUMATRA: Dolok Merangir, no date, 1 J, E. W. Diehl lgt., P. Kment det. ( BMNH) ; Fort de Kock, 920 m a.s.l., 1925, 1 J, E. Jacobson lgt., P. S. S. Durai det. ( BMNH). – INDONESIA / MALAYSIA: KALIMANTAN: Breitst, Borneo , 1880, 2 ♀♀, P. Kment det. ( NHMW). – PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Nord-Luzon , Ripang , 1500ƍ [= 457 m a.s.l.], ii.1918, 1♀, G. Böttcher lgt., P. S. S. Durai det. ( BMNH). – MINDANAO: Agusan, Esperanza, 4.–11.xii.1959, 1 ♀, C. M. Yoshimoto lgt., A. Kocorek det. ( BPBM) ; Davao, 1 ♀, Baker lgt., P. S. S. Durai & P. Kment det. ( BMNH) .

Description of the external efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands. External scent efferent system rather small, developed on both meso- and metapleuron (Figs 16–18); ostiole positioned ca. in mid-width of metapleuron (Fig. 16), oval, opening posteriad on anterior wall of deep, oval periostiolar depression (Figs 16–18), covered from above by lobe-like fold of the metapleuron (Figs 17–18); periostiolar depression with sharply delimited margins (Fig. 18), extending laterad in form of evaporatory channel in place of the depressed metathoracic spiracle (Figs 17–18); vestibular scar not visible (Fig. 16); peritreme in form of short, oval spout (ca. twice as long as ostiole) (Figs 18–19), directed ventro-laterad, without apparent median furrow (Figs 18–19), apex narrowly rounded; evaporatorium covering the surface of periostiolar depression (Fig. 18), continuing along the spiracle inside the evaporatory channel, extending to lateral margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 17); surface of evaporatorium within the periostiolar depression with well-developed gyri¿cation (Fig. 18). This description also applies to E. pacao .

Biology. The egg, larvae and bionomics of the species were described by DURAI (1988, 1993a) based on material and observations from Peninsular Malaysia. DURAI (1988, 1993a) con¿rmed development of the species on Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae) which is a common plant on wasteland, hedges and fences throughout Malaysia; other recorded plant species probably represent only sitting records: Camellia sp. (Theaceae) , Zea mays (Poaceae) (YUNUS & HUA record), Sangihe ( DISTANT 1906), Seram (this paper), Sulawesi ( VOLLENHOVEN 1868, BREDDIN 1901), Sumatra ( VOLLENHOVEN 1868; BLÖTE 1945; HOFFMANN 1948, erroneously as Burma; DURAI 1987; LIS 1990, 1992; KOCOREK & DANIELCZOK- DEMSKA 2002), Ternate ( WALKER 1868). PHILIPPINES: Luzon ( HOFFMANN 1948, DURAI 1987), Mindanao ( HOFFMANN 1948, DURAI 1987, this paper), Palawan ( BANKS 1909), Negros ( HOFFMANN 1948), Sibuyan ( HOFFMANN 1948). AUSTRALIA: N Australia (no exact records) ( CASSIS & GROSS 2002).