Pseudodineura parvula ( Klug, 1816 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, The West Palaearctic Pseudodineura and Endophytus species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4614 (3), pp. 511-528 : 524-525

Pseudodineura parvula ( Klug, 1816)

Tenthredo (Allantus) parvula Klug, 1816: 71 . Holotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym2763; images: https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.7881005) in ZMHB, examined. Type locality: Oesterreich [ Austria].

Tenthredo minuta Lepeletier & Serville, in Latreille et al. 1828: 570 . Syntype (s) ♀, may be in MNHN; environs de Paris [ France, Paris area]. Listed in synonymy of parvula by Dalla Torre (1894). Primary homonym of Tenthredo minuta Christ, 1791 [ Hoplocampa minuta ].

Pelmatopus heringi Enslin, 1921: 183 (key), 185. Syntypes ♀ ♂. Lectotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym3483; images: https://doi. org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7881065) in ZSM, here designated. Type locality: Rüdersdorf [ Germany, Brandenburg] . Paralectotypes: see under Specimens examined. New synonym .

Pseudodineura parvula: Konow 1885: 297 .

Pseudodineura heringi: Hering 1935: 57 .

Taxonomy. After a first examination of three females from Switzerland reared from Pulsatilla alpina , we thought that these might represent a species distinct from parvula . Compared to European specimens reared from lowland Pulsatilla species and Anemone sylvestris , the specimens from alpina are distinctive because of their differently proportioned flagellomeres: antennomere 3 1.25–1.45 × as long as antennomere 8, whereas in lowland specimens antennomere 3 1.53–1.80 × as long as antennomere 8. The three individuals reared from P. alpina also seemed to differ in the only slightly curved long setae on valvula 3, and the median mesoscutal lobes flatter, with groove shallow and obsolete on posterior. However, the specimens from Russia (Sajan) possess antennomeres proportioned within the range normal for lowland European specimens, but with sawsheath setation and median mesoscutal lobes more like the Swiss specimens. We conclude that all these specimens are conspecific, but some genetic data for populations occurring at higher altitudes would still be desirable. Regarding the statement by Enslin (1921), that parvula can be distinguished from heringi by its deeper frontal pit and differently shaped sawsheath, we noted considerable variability in both of these characters, but found no correlation between the character state and the identity of the host plant from which they had been reared, i.e. Anemone sylvestris versus Pulsatilla . Having observed no stable differences between the lancets and male genitalia of specimens reared from these hosts, or genetic differences, we propose that heringi should be treated as a synonym of parvula .

Additional description. Body length: ♀ 2.5–3.5mm, ♂ 3.0–4.0mm. Pronotum completely black. Female: tegu- lae brown. Abdomen completely black. Lancet: Fig. 32. Male: tegulae black or brown. Sternum 9 black except for extreme apex. Penis valve: Fig. 22 .

Total number of specimens examined: 14♀, 8♂.

Similar species. Of the species with black-marked femora, only the female of fuscula has a somewhat similarly shaped sawsheath. When the shape of the sheath is not clearly visible, the smaller sawteeth on the lancet of parvula will distinguish them. Externally, the male closely resembles the other two species with black-marked femora ( enslini and fuscula ), but can be separated by its penis valve (see key).

Life history. Host plants: Anemone sylvestris ( Enslin 1921, Altenhofer & Pschorn-Walcher 2006: as P. heringi ), and Pulsatilla species (as P. parvula ); P. patens ( Conde 1934) , P. vulgaris , P. grandis ( Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000) , P. narcissiflora ( Hering 1935) , P. pratensis bohemica ( Kulfan 2008) , and P. alpina ( Hering 1932) .

Distribution. Central Europe, north to Estonia ( Taeger et al. 2006, as heringi ), and eastern Siberia ( Sundukov 2017, as parvula and heringi ). Occurrence in Sweden: not known, but could be present, particularly where the host plants occur as native species.

Specimens examined. Paralectotypes of Pelmatopus heringi Enslin : all with the same data : 1♀ (GBIF- GisHym2805), Bln. Rüdersdorf, 13.2.1921, Nr. 1424, Mt. Hering ( ZMHB) . 1♂ (GBIF-GisHym2804), Bln. Rüdersdorf, 26.1.1921, Nr. 1424, Mt. Hering ( ZMHB) . 3♀ (GBIF-GisHym3484–3486), 1♂ (GBIF-GisHym3487), Bln. Rüdersdorf, various emergence dates in 1921, Nr. 1424, M. Hering ( ZSM) .

Austria: Lower Austria, 4♀ (including DEIGisHym31804) , 4♂ (including DEIGisHym31894), Langenlois, reared from Pulsatilla vulgaris , leg. E. Altenhofer ( SDEI) .

Lower Austria, 2♀, 3♂, Sieghartskirchen, reared from Anemone sylvestris , leg. E. Altenhofer, previously identified as heringi ( SDEI) .

Germany: 2♀, 1♂, Brandenburg, Rüdersdorf [“ Berlin Rüdersdf ”], reared from Anemone sylvestris , leg. Hering ( SDEI), previously identified as heringi ( SDEI). Not types, because emergence dates in 1922 and 1924 .

Russia: 3♀, Ostsajan , Lager am Schwarz. Irkut, 1878m, 51°54’37’’N 100°45’41’’E, 02.07.2012, leg. W. H. Liebig ( SDEI) .

Switzerland: 1 ♀ (DEIGisHym31886), Graubünden, Vals , reared from Anemone alpina , 7.5.1930 [emergence date], Zucht Nr. 3433, leg. W. Hopp ( ZMHB) . 2 ♀ (DEIGisHym31887 and 31888), same data as previous except 8.5.1930 ( ZMHB). Reared from mines on Pulsatilla alpina , collection dates 23.6.1929 and 26.6.1929 ( Hering 1932) .

Figures

FIGURES 21–26. Pseudodineura species, penis valves; 21, enslini (15347) vl = ventroapical lobe. 22, parvula (31894) df = distal filament. 23, fuscula (31891). 24, clematidisrectae (31889). 25, clematidis (31843). 26, mentiens (31893).