Cordilura Fallén, 1810

Ozerov, A. L. & Krivosheina, M. G., 2020, A review of the genus Cordilura Fallén, 1810 (Diptera: Scathophagidae) of Russia, Russian Entomological Journal 29 (4), pp. 439-480 : 441-445

Cordilura Fallén, 1810

Cordilura Fallén, 1810: 15 . Gender: feminine. Type-species: Musca pubera Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Fallén, 1810 [misidentification, = Cordylura rufipes Meigen, 1826 ], by monotypy.

Phrosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 668 . Gender: feminine. Type-species: Phrosia scirpi Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 , by monotypy [= Ocyptera albilabris Fabricius, 1805 ).

Mosina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 670 . Gender: feminine. Type-species: Musca pubera Linnaeus, 1758 , by designation of Westwood, 1840.

Scoliaphleps Becker, 1894: 98 . Gender: feminine. Type-species: Cordylura ustulata Zetterstedt, 1838 , by original designation.

Cordilurina James, 1955: 96 [as subgenus of Cordilura ]. Gen- der: feminine. Type-species: Cordylura vittipes Loew , by original designation [= Cordylura fuscipes Zetterstedt, 1838 ].

Cordylura : unjustified emend.

Adult Cordilura can be distinguished from the other genera of Scathophagidae by the following combination of characters: 1) katepisternum with one stong seta in posterodorsal corner, 2) palpus with strong apical (subapical) seta about as long as or longer than palpus, 3) fore femur and fore tibia without ventral rows of long spinous setae, 4) proepisternum is covered with hairs at middle or on anterior part.

Cordilura species are slender, small to mediumsized flies (about 3.5–10.5 mm long); color various, but usually is black ( Figs 1, 2 ).

Head subspherical ( Fig. 7 ). Eyes moderately large, dichoptic in both sexes. Frontal vitta and fronto-orbital plate distinct. 1–3 orbitals, 2–5 frontals, 1 ocellar, 1 inner vertical, 1 outer vertical, 1 small postocellar setae present; 1 pair of strong vibrissae and 1–2 pairs of subvibrissae present. Postpedicel rounded apically, 1.5–3 times as long as wide, with arista nearly bare to plumose ( Figs 3–7 ). Palpus slender, slightly broadened towards apex, with a long outstanding seta apically ( Figs 8, 9 ).

Thorax as in most Calyptrata. Scutum with following setae: acrostichal usually setulose in two rows or absent, dorsocentrals 3+3 (including scapular seta), intra-alars (0–1)+(0–2), supra-alars (0–1)+(1–2), postpronotals 1–2, 2 notopleurals, 2 postalars. Proepisternum covered with fine hairs and usually with 1–2 setae near ventral margin. Proepimeron with 0–1 seta ventral to spiracle. Anepisternum with fine hairs in posterior half and 2–4 well-developed setae near posterior margin. Katepisternum with one long black seta in posterodorsal corner, ventrally and posteriorly with hairs. Anepimeron bare. Postmetacoxal bridge absent. Scutellum with one or two pairs of strong setae: with a pair of strong discal and a pair of strong apical setae ( Fig. 13) or with a pair of strong discal setae and pair of apical setulae ( Fig. 12).

Legs long and slender. Fore femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, with a row of thin and usually long ventral setae, sometimes with fine long hairs on posteri- or and posteroventral surfaces. Fore tibia with 1–2 dorsal/posterodorsal, 0–2 posterior, 0–2 anterodorsal, 2 posteroventral setae, and with a ring of apical setae. Mid femur usually with rows of anterior and anterodorsal setae and with 0–1 anterior apical, 0–2 posterior apical and 0–1 posterodorsal apical setae. Mid tibia with 1–3 anterodorsal, 1–2 posterodorsal, 1–2 anteroventral, 0–2 posterior or posteroventral setae, and with a ring of apicals. Hind femur with a row of anterodorsal and several anteroventral setae, 0–2 dorsal setae in apical half, and 0–2 posterior apical setae. Hind tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal, 0–2 anterior or anteroventral, 1 dorsal preapical, 1 anterodorsal preapical, 1 posterodorsal preapical, 1 anteroventral apical, 0–1 posteroventral apical and 0–1 ventral apical setae. Vockeroth [1987: 1090] considers species that lack posteroventral apical seta of hind tibia in the separate genus Bucephalina Malloch, 1919 . We found another difference between Bucephalina and Cordilura in the structure of ovipositor (see below). Nevertheless we consider in this work all Russian species hind tibia of which lack posteroventral apical seta ( C. amurensis Ozerov, 2007 , C. krocha Ozerov, 2007 , C. nartshukae Ozerov et Krivosheina, 2015 , C. nubilosa sp.n., C. sifneri Ozerov, 2007 , C. tartariana Ozerov, 2007 ) in the genus Cordilura . Molecular analysis based on DNA sequences for these genera may solve this issue in future.

A review of the genus Cordilura Fallén, 1810 443

14 10 11 15 16 13 12 17

444 A.L. Ozerov, M.G. Krivosheina

18 Sc R 1

19

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Wing well-developed, clear or tinged with brownish, rarely darkened apically ( Fig. 20), rare with dark spots ( Fig. 18). Vein R 1 setulose on apical third of dorsal surface ( Fig. 19) or bare.

Abdomen long, subcylindrical. Usually syntergite 1+2 with 2–3 lateral discal and 2–4 lateral marginal setae; tergites 3–6 each with a row of marginal setae. Male sternite 4 triangular, rectangular or trapezoid, as wide as long or wider than long ( Figs 14–17). Sternite 5 with well developed lateral lobes from narrow (e. g., Figs 66 , 93) to wide (e. g., Figs 72 , 131 ). Surstyli symmetrical, simple (e. g., Figs 37 , 102) or bifurcate (e. g., Figs 25 , 58); cerci fused apically or medially forming cercal plate.

Ovipositor ( Figs 21–23 ) long and compressed, with large membranous areas between segments. Tergite 7 sclerotized laterally and membranous dorsally. Sternite 6 well sclerotized, with apodeme of various lenght basally fused to sternite ( Figs 22, 23 ) or without apodeme in most species. Sternite 7 poorly sclerotized medially, with long apodeme not fused to sternite 7. In species C. krocha , C. nartshukae , C. amurensis , C. sifneri , C. tartariana sternite 7 without apodeme. Tergite 8 in form of heavily sclerotized sclerite with deep membranous dorsal emargination in distal part. Sternite 8 divided medially into 2 small, heavily sclerotized spatulate sclerites. Proctiger situated distally and represented by small entire epiproct, 1 pair of small cerci, and hypoproct.

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Figures

Figs 1–2. Male of Cordilura rufipes (Meigen) (1) and female of Cordilura picipes (Meigen) (2). Photographs by D.I. Gavryushin. Рис. 1–2. Самец Cordilura rufipes (Meigen) (1) и самка Cordilura picipes (Meigen) (2). Фото Д.И. ГаврюШина.

Figs 3–9. Cordilura spp.: 3 — antenna of C. rufipes (Meigen), lateral view; 4 — same of C. aemula (Collin); 5 — same of C. ustulata (Zetterstedt); 6 — same of C. ciliata (Meigen); 7 — head of C. albilabris (Fabricius), lateral view; 8 — palpus of C.remmi (Elberg); 16 — same of C. sifneri Ozerov. Рис. 3–9. Cordilura spp.: 3 — усик C. rufipes (Meigen), сбоку; 4 — то же у C. aemula (Collin); 5 — то же у C. ustulata (Zetterstedt); 6 — то же у C. ciliata (Meigen); 7 — голова C. albilabris (Fabricius), сбоку; 8 — Щупик C.remmi (Elberg); 16 — то же у C. sifneri Ozerov.

Figs 60–68. Cordilura kakaberrans Ozerov (60–62), C. kosterini Ozerov et Krivosheina (63–65) and C. krocha Ozerov (66–68): 60, 63, 66 — male sternite 5; 61, 64, 67 — epandrium and surstyli, lateral view; 62, 65, 68 — same, dorsal view. 63–65 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014, figs 10–12. Рис. 60–68. Cordilura kakaberrans Ozerov (60–62), C. kosterini Ozerov et Krivosheina (63–65) и C. krocha Ozerov (66–68): 60, 63, 66 — стернит 5 самца; 61, 64, 67 — Эпандрий и сурстили, сбоку; 62, 65, 68 — то же, сверху. 63–65 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014, figs 10–12.

Figs 69–77. Cordilura monochroma Ozerov et Krivosheina (69–71), C. negrobovi Ozerov et Krivosheina (72–74) and C. nubecula Sasakawa (75–77): 69, 72, 75 — male sternite 5; 70, 73, 76 — epandrium and surstyli, lateral view; 71, 74, 77 — same, dorsal view. 69– 71 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014, figs 16, 18, 19; 72–74 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2017, figs 7–9; 75–77 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012b, figs 5, 7, 8. Рис. 69–77. Cordilura monochroma Ozerov et Krivosheina (69–71), C. negrobovi Ozerov et Krivosheina (72–74) и C. nubecula Sasakawa (75–77): 69, 72, 75 — стернит 5 самца; 70, 73, 76 — Эпандрий и сурстили, сбоку; 71, 74, 77 — то же, сверху. 69–71 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014, figs 16, 18, 19; 72–74 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2017, figs 7–9; 75–77 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012b, figs 5, 7, 8.

Figs 131–133. Cordilura zaitzevi Gorodkov: 131 — male sternite 5; 132 — epandrium and surstyli, lateral view; 133 — same, dorsal view. Рис. 131–133. Cordilura zaitzevi Gorodkov: 131 — стернит 5 самца; 132 — Эпандрий и сурстили, сбоку; 133 — то же, сверху.

Figs 33–41. Cordilura albipes (Fallén) (33–35), C. amurensis Ozerov (36–38) and C. atrata (Zetterstedt) (39–41): 33, 36, 39 — male sternite 5; 34, 37, 40 — epandrium and surstyli, lateral view; 35, 38, 41 — same, dorsal view. Рис. 33–41. Cordilura albipes (Fallén) (33–35), C. amurensis Ozerov (36–38) и C. atrata (Zetterstedt) (39–41): 33, 36, 39 — стернит 5 самца; 34, 37, 40 — Эпандрий и сурстили, сбоку; 35, 38, 41 — то же, сверху.

Figs 24–32. Cordilura aberrans (Becker) (24–26), C. aemula (Collin) (27–29) and C. albilabris (Fabricius) (30–32): 24, 27, 30 — male sternite 5; 25, 28, 31 — epandrium and surstyli, lateral view; 26, 29, 32 — same, dorsal view. Рис. 24–32. Cordilura aberrans (Becker) (24–26), C. aemula (Collin) (27–29) и C. albilabris (Fabricius) (30–32): 24, 27, 30 — стернит 5 самца; 25, 28, 31 — Эпандрий и сурстили, сбоку; 26, 29, 32 — то же, сверху.

Figs 21–23. Cordilura albipes (Fallén): 21 — end of female abdomen, dorsal view; 22 — same, lateral view; 23 — same, ventral view. Рис 21–23. Cordilura albipes (Fallén): 21 — конец брюШка самки, сверху; 22 — то же, сбоку; 23 — то же, сниЗу.