Polyceridae, Alder & Hancock, 1845

Goddard, Jeffrey H. R., Treneman, Nancy, Prestholdt, Tara, Hoover, Craig, Green, Brenna, Pence, William E., Mason, Douglas E., Dobry, Phillip, Sones, Jacqueline L., Sanford, Eric, Agarwal, Robin, McDonald, Gary R., Johnson, Rebecca F. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Heterobranch Sea Slug Range Shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean associated with the 2015 - 16 El Niño, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 65 (3), pp. 107-131 : 111-112

Polyceridae

Crimora coneja Er. Marcus, 1961 . Boiler Bay, Lincoln Co., Oregon, 29 April 2017, 2 specimens, low rocky intertidal at south end of bay, observed by Lillian Mayer and her Biology class from Clackamas Community College (L. Mayer, personal communication to JG, 1 May 2017; for image see Nosler 2017) to Point Loma, San Diego, California ( Marcus 1961).

Previous northernmost locality: North Cove, Cape Arago, Oregon ( Goddard 1984).

Limacia mcdonaldi Uribe, Sepúlveda, Goddard and Valdés, 2017 . Moat Creek Beach, Mendocino Co., California, 24 June 2017, 1 specimen, low rocky intertidal (observed by JG; for image see <https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6868719>) to Cabo San Lucas ( Lance 1961) and into the Gulf of California to Bahía de los Ángeles ( Keen 1971; Angulo-Campillo 2003, 2005).

Previous northernmost locality: Not clear, owing to identification until 2017 as L. cockerelli ( MacFarland, 1905) . Images show that L. mcdonaldi has occurred on the Monterey Peninsula since at least the 1960s and 70s (e.g., McDonald 2016; Goddard 2017a). Since 2014 L. mcdonaldi has also been recorded many times from San Mateo and Marin counties (RA, personal observations; and see <https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?verifiable=true&taxon_id=538831&place_id= &preferred_place_id=&locale=en>).

Additional northern localities: Salt Point State Park, Sonoma Co., California, 9 May 2016, 1 specimen, low rocky intertidal (observed by WP, DM, PD). Drake’s Estero , Point Reyes National Seashore , California, 15 specimens, low rocky intertidal shelf just inside mouth of the estero, 8 June 2016 (observed by JG; for image see <https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5397011>) .

Polycera atra MacFarland, 1905 . Monas Island, Lemmens Inlet, Meares Island , Clayoquot Sound , Vancouver Island , British Columbia, several specimens on suspended oyster culture array next to Monas Island , July and August 2015 ( Fig. 1C ) (A. Murray, personal communication to JG, 26 April 2017) to Punta Pericos, Baja California Sur (Angulo-Campillo 2003, 2005).

Previous northernmost locality: Westport, Grays Harbor, Washington (Lamb and Hanby 2005; and see Goddard et al. 2016).

Additional localities in Oregon: Seal Rock , 8 May 2016, 1 specimen (observed by TP); Neptune State Scenic Viewpoint, 20 May 2015, 1 specimen (TP); Strawberry Hill, 8 April 2016, 1 specimen (TP) .

Triopha maculata MacFarland, 1905 . Bear Cove, Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 19 total specimens, with 7 egg masses, 3-12 m depth, September to October 2015, observed and photographed by Jackie Hildering, plus 1 specimen, 4 m depth, 22 October 2016, observed and photographed by Alexandra Spicer (records listed by Pacific Northwest Shell Club 2016) to Punta Rosarito, Baja California (Goddard and Schickel 2000).

Previous northernmost locality: Bamfield, Vancouver Island , British Columbia ( Millen 1983) .

Additional northern localities: Entrance of Lemmens Inlet, Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, many specimens with egg masses on Macrocystis pyrifera adjacent to the east end of Stockham Island , August - October 2015 (A. Murray, personal communication, with images, to JG, 22 March 2016) .

Remarks: Jackie Hildering, an experienced underwater naturalist and observer of nudibranchs, reported (personal communication to JG, 16 March 2016) that in approximately 150 dives over 15 years in the Port Hardy area, she had not observed T. maculata before September 2015.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Heterobranch sea slugs found at new northernmost localities in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 2015–2017. A Okenia angelensis, Miwok Beach, Sonoma Co., California, 27 May 2017. Image by Colby Davidson. B Acanthodoris rhodoceras, Chup Point, Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 21 May 2018. Image by Peter Mieras/subvisionproductions.com. C Polycera atra, Lemmens Inlet, Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 25 July 2015. Inset: tail. Images by Brandon Exner. D Thordisa rubescens, Santa Cruz Island, California, 1 November 2017. Image by Kenan Chan/Channel Islands National Park.