Tegenaria tridentina, L. KOCH, 1872

Bolzern, Angelo, Burckhardt, Daniel & Hänggi, Ambros, 2013, Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 168 (4), pp. 723-848 : 818-820

TEGENARIA TRIDENTINA L. KOCH, 1872

( FIG. 23A–D )

Tegenaria cubicularis C. L. Koch, 1834: 125 , pl. 12; nomen oblitum ( Simon, 1897, 1898, 1901, 1903: 251).

Tegenaria tridentina L. Koch, 1872: 292–295 , male; L. Koch, 1876: 301, 302, female.

Tegenaria bremii Pavesi, 1875: 269 , 270, male.

Tegenaria austriaca Kulczyn´ ski, 1898: 100, pl. 2, fig. 78, female; synonymized by Kulczyn´ ski (1914) and recognized by Thaler (1963).

Types

Syntypes. Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige: ‘ Trient’ , 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( NHMW, ex. coll. L. Koch) .

Other material examined

Austria (2 ♂, 1 ♀) ; France (2 ♀) ; Italy (2 ♂, 21 ♀) ; Slovenia (1 ♂, 1 ♀) ; Switzerland (3 ♂, 16 ♀) .

Description

Measurements: Male (N = 1): CL 3.48, CW 2.49, STL 1.64, STW 1.65. Leg I (4.85, 1.45, 5.02, 5.27, 2.40), II (4.54, 1.41, 4.36, 4.82, 2.15), III (3.95, 1.20, 3.53, 4.32, 1.89), IV (4.90, -, -, -, -). Pedipalp (1.72, 0.59, 0.75, 1.46), bulbL 1.04. Female (N = 1): CL 3.78, CW 2.94, STL 2.00, STW 1.86. Leg I (4.72, 1.61, 4.59, 4.80, 2.34), II (4.51, 1.55, 4.02, 4.35, 2.08), III (4.10, 1.29, 3.34, 3.83, 1.49), IV (5.05, 1.50, 4.51, 5.50, 1.99). Pedipalp (1.71, 0.68, 1.15, 1.61). EPL 0.53, EPW 0.85, ATL 0.27, ATW 0.39. Eyes: PME 0.15–0.17, PLE 0.14– 0.19, AME 0.11–0.12, ALE 0.15–0.20. Eye distances: PME–PME 1 x PME, PME–AME 1 x PME, PME– PLE 0.5–1 x PME, PME–ALE 1 x PME, AME–AME 0.5–1 x AME, AME–ALE ≤ 0.5 x AME. CLY1 2.5 x AME, CLY2 1–1.5 x ALE.

Male palp: RTA with three branches, ventral branch leaf-like shaped, distally and ventrally with distinctly protruding ridge, distally moderately bent retrolaterad, lateral branch strongly sclerotized, as long as wide, distally broadly pointed or rounded, dorsal branch broad and strongly sclerotized, distally with strongly posteriad bent point. Filiform embolus length about 1.5–1.75 x CB, originating at 8 o’clock position, distinctive formed distal tip at 4 o’clock position. Conductor with distal portion distinctly elongated, lateral margin completely folded. Terminal end bifid, ventral part simple, pointed, dorsal part obtuse (retrolateral view) and with a bent point (ventral view). Connection of conductor to tegulum moderately sclerotized. MA originating at 5–6 o’clock position, strongly protruding, distally with hook- or claw-like sclerite. MA membranously connected to tegulum. Basal part of tegulum clearly visible with undulated margin.

Epigyne and vulva: Epigyne medially with small, pale, membranous area. Posterior sclerite expressed as extensively sclerotized bar or plate with anterior margin concave (semicircled). CO between the membranous median area and the posterior sclerite. Epigynal ‘pseudo teeth’ absent. Vulva consists of CBD, no distinct RC recognizable. First half (CD) of CBD only moderately sclerotized and convoluted, second half strongly sclerotized and moderately convoluted. Ducts are well separated. FD only represented by small, leaf-shaped appendages.

Other important characters: Cheliceral promargin with four, retromargin with five teeth. Colulus developed as trapezoidal plate with the distal margin medially moderately notched. Same pattern of distal spigots on PMS (in females) as described for the type species. PLS with distal segment shorter than basal segment. Tarsal trichobothria on cymbium and palp tarsus absent. Tarsal trichobothria seven to eight. Small teeth on paired claws of leg I 13. Leg spination: male palp (2–0–0–0 or 3–0–0–0, 2–0–0, 1–2–0–0), female palp (2–0–0–0, 2–0–0, 2–2–0–0), leg femora (1–2–2–0 or 1–3–2–0, 1–2–2–0 or 1–3–2–0, 1–2–2–0 or 1–3–2–0, 1–1–1–0.), patellae (all 2–0–0), tibiae (0 or 0–0–0–1 or 0–0–0–2, 0–1–0–3, 2–2–1–1+1p or 2–2– 1–1p, 2–2–2–2+1p), metatarsi (0–0–0–3p+1, 0–1–0– 3p+1, 0–3–2–3p+1 or 0–3–3–3p+1, 0–3–3–1+3p+1), tarsi (I & II 0, III & IV 0–0–1–0).

Coloration: Margin of carapace narrow continuously darkened, dorsally with two indistinct symmetrical longitudinal dark bands, reduced to triangular dots. Sternum with distinct pale median band and three symmetrical pairs of pale dots laterally or median band only reaching two thirds of STL, posteriorly with indistinctly separated fourth pair of dots. Opisthosoma brownish, with indistinct yellowish median band, anteriolaterally with symmetrical pale dots, posteriorly with chevrons. Legs annulated, more pronounced ventrally. Colulus basally darkened, ALS and basal segment of PLS darkened, distal segment also with dark pigments, but brighter.

Distribution

Reported from the Alps ( Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland).

Discussion

As mentioned in the Discussion for Teg. ferruginea Brignoli (1971a) confused the females of Teg. tridentina with Teg. ferruginea . All females in the collection of the Natural History Museum Verona (including the Brignoli collection) identified as Teg. ferruginea are in fact Teg. tridentina . We think that all records of females published by Brignoli under Teg. ferruginea refer to Teg. tridentina . Brignoli’s drawing ( Brignoli, 1971a: 92, fig. 40) shows the vulva of Teg. tridentina (see Wiehle, 1964) and not Teg. ferruginea . As mentioned by Thaler (1987: 394), Brignoli’s drawings referring to Teg. campestris ( Brignoli, 1971a: 102, figs 52, 54) most likely concern Teg. tridentina . As the corresponding specimen could not be traced in the MCSN, this cannot be confirmed. For all three specimens originally labelled as Teg. campestris , no further information about either locality or date is provided. In Brignoli’s collection, only one specimen could be found, which was determined as Teg. campestris and redetermined by Thaler (the year 1984 is indicated on the determination label) as Teg. tridentina . Males were correctly determined by Brignoli.

Figures

Figure 23. A–D, Tegenaria tridentina; E-H, Tegenaria mirifica; I, J, Tegenaria levantina; K-W, Tegenaria pagana, including the type specimens of Tegenaria cerrutii (R, S), Tegenaria marinae (T, U), and Tegenaria baronii (V, W). Left male palp in ventral (A, E, K) and retrolateral views (B, F, L); epigyne in ventral (C, G, I, P, R, T, V) and vulva in dorsal view (D, H, J, Q, S, U, W); chelicerae in ventral view (O); face of female in frontal (N) and sternum in ventral view (M). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (T–W without scale).