Ancylis Hübner, [1825], 1982

Zhang, X., Li, H. H. & Yan, S. C., 2008, Review of the genus Ancylis Hübner from China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), Journal of Natural History 42 (27 - 28), pp. 1805-1839 : 1806-1808

Genus Ancylis Hübner, [1825]

Ancylis Hübner, [1825] :376. Type species: Tortrix harpana Hübner , [1796–1799].

Epicharis Hübner, [1825] :376. Type species: Tortrix derasana Hübner , [1811–1813]. [Preoccupied]

Anchylopera Stephens, 1829:47 . Type species: Pyralis lundana Fabricius, 1776 .

Phoxopteris Treitschke, 1829:232 . Type species: Tortrix siculana Hübner , [1796– 1799].

Anticlea Stephens, 1834:113 . Type species: Tortrix harpana Hübner , [1796–1799]. [Preoccupied]

Philacea Stephens, 1835:396. Type species: Tortrix harpana Hübner , [1796–1799]. [Replacement name for Anticlea ]

Phoxopteryx Sodoffsky, 1837: 93 . [Unjustified emendation of Phoxopteris ]

Sideria Guenée, 1845:156 . Type species: Tortrix achatana [Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775.

Ancylopera Agassiz, 1848:61 . [Unjustified emendation of Anchylopera ]

Siderea Stainton, 1859:196 . [Misspelling of Sideria ]

Palaeobia Meyrick, 1881:660 . Type species: Palaeobia hibbertiana Meyrick, 1881 .

Lamyrodes Meyrick, 1910:182 . Type species: Lamyrodes phileris Meyrick, 1910 .

Diagnosis

The genus Ancylis is characterized by having a narrow forewing with an elongate or falcate apex, often with a large basal or subbasal blotch or patch. In the hindwing, M 3 and Cu 1 are mostly stalked but entirely fused in a few species, and M 2 is close to the base of the stalk of M 3 and Cu 1. In the male genitalia, the uncus is well developed, bifurcate longitudinally, or reduced in some species; the socii are usually two, droopy, broad, often with long free end; and the sacculus has a distinct angle. In the female genitalia, the signa are usually two, flattened with a blade-shaped termination.

Ancylis is closely related to Ancylophyes Diakonoff , which was originally described as Ancyloides , a subgenus of Ancylis Hübner (Diakonoff, 1982) . Ancylophyes was a junior homonym of Ancyloides Kuznetsov , a subgenus of Eucosmomorpha Obraztsov (Kuznetsov, 1964) . Diakonoff (1988) later proposed the replacement name Ancylophyes for Ancyloides . Recently Horak (2006) assumed Ancylophyes should be treated as a genus based on a genus–level apomorphy, which we follow here. Ancylis can be distinguished from Ancylophyes by the two and droopy socii, the sacculus with a distinct angle and the signa flattened with a bladeshaped termination in the female genitalia. In Ancylophyes , the socius is one and upturned; the sacculus is straight, inward rolled and lacks a distinct angle in the male genitalia. In addition, the two signa vary in shape and size: one is horned, the other is flattened with a blade-shaped termination in the female genitalia.

Ancylis is distributed on every continent. The larvae are leaf-rollers on a variety of hostplants, including Ericaceae , Salicaceae , Fagaceae , Betulaceae , Ulmaceae , Rhamnaceae , Fabaceae and Rosaceae ( Byun et al. 1998; Liu and Li 2002).

Key to the species of Ancylis Hübner from China based on male genitalia (excluding A. glycyphaga Meyrick and A. arcitenens Meyrick )

1 Uncus present............................................ 2

- Uncus absent............................................ 19

2 Uncus about 1/5 length of socius.............. A. anthracaspis Meyrick

- Uncus equal to length of socius................................ 3

3 Ventral margin of valva with two projections...................... 4

- Ventral margin of valva with one projection....................... 8

4 Two projections of ventral margin of valva, one acute, the other obtuse... 5

- Two projections of ventral margin of valva both obtuse or acute........ 7

5 Ventromedial projection 2/3 length of cucullus........................................... A. mitterbacheriana ([Denis and Schiffermüller])

- Ventromedial projection 1/5 length of cucullus..................... 6

6 Cucullus about 1/3 length of valva............... A. repandana Kennel

- Cucullus about 2/5 length of valva............. A. geminana (Donovan)

7 Valva with two obtusely right-angled projections ventrally.................................................. A. ventriverticalis sp. nov.

- Valva with two acute-angled projections ventrally.. A. partitana (Christoph)

8 Aedeagus as long as valva......... A. uncella ([Denis and Schiffermüller])

- Aedeagus shorter than length of valva........................... 9

9 Ventral margin of valva with one obtuse projection................. 10

- Ventral margin of valva with one acute projection.................. 12 10 Neck distinct................................ A. sculpta Meyrick

- Neck indistinct........................................... 11

11 Cucullus ovoid......................... A. melanostigma Kuznetsov

- Cucullus triangular...................... A. amplimacula Falkovitsh

12 Cucullus right-angled basally................................. 13

- Cucullus obtuse-angled basally................................ 15

13 Base as wide as apex of cucullus................ A. laetana (Fabricius)

- Base wider than apex of cucullus.............................. 14

14 Aedeagus 1/2 length of valva................... A. comptana (Frölich)

- Aedeagus 2/3 length of valva................... A. kenneli Kuznetsov

15 Neck distinct............................................ 16

- Neck indistinct........................................... 18

16 Cucullus narrowed apically................... A. unculana (Haworth)

- Cucullus expanded apically.................................. 17

17 Neck slender, 1/2 widest of cucullus............. A. obtusana (Haworth)

- Neck robust, 3/4 widest of cucullus.......... A. youmiae Byun and Yan

18 Projection at 1/4 of ventral margin of valva; cucullus with apex 1/2 of its widest......................................... A. loktini Kuznetsov

- Projection at 1/3 of ventral margin of valva; cucullus with apex 4/5 of its widest....................................... A. upupana (Treitschke)

19 Aedeagus longer than valva.................... A. aromatias Meyrick

- Aedeagus shorter than valva................................. 20

20 Ventral margin of valva with two projections....... A. selenana (Guenée)

- Ventral margin of valva with one projection...................... 21

21 One obtuse projection on ventral margin of valva.................. 22

- One acute projection on ventral margin of valva................... 23

22 Cucullus kidney-shaped; neck slender........... A. hemicatharta Meyrick

- Cucullus subscalariform; neck indistinct................. A. sativa Liu

23 Socius triangular................ A. apicella ([Denis and Schiffermüller])

- Socius ovoid............................................. 24

24 Tegumen equal to width of cucullus.............. A. paludana (Barrett)

- Tegumen broad, twice width of cucullus......................... 25

25 Aedeagus 1/2 length of valva....... A. badiana (Denis and Schiffermüller)

- Aedeagus 2/3 length of valva............. A. mandarinana (Walsingham)