Schizophyllum commune Fr.

Carreño-Ruiz, Santa D., Ávalos Lázaro, Abisag A., García, Silvia Cappello, Hernández, Rigoberto Gaitán, Chen, Jie, Guillén Navarro, Griselda K., García Fajardo, Luz V., Jiménez Pérez, Nelly Del C., Cruz, Magdiel Torres De La, Blanco, Joaquín Cifuentes & Cappello, Renato E., 2019, New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics, Phytotaxa 413 (2), pp. 137-148 : 140-141

Schizophyllum commune Fr. in Observationes mycologicae (1815: 103)

Description:—Pileus 4–64 mm wide × 4–44 mm long, flabelliform, semicircular to spatulate, sessile or semistipitate; margin lobed, irregular, crenate, ragged, slightly rolled toward the hymenium. Villous surface soft to the touch; hairs frequently matted; pellicle 151–213 μm thickness; white (N 00 M 00 C 00), light gray (N 30 A 00 M 00), dark gray (N 80 A 00 M 00), light yellow (N 20 A 50 M 20), or light brown (N 20 A 30 M 20); zonate or azonate appearance that varies in color; context 359–447 μm thick ( Figure 2A ). Hymenium with split gills, 399–1256 μm in length; white (N 00 M 00 C 00), dark gray (N 80 A 00 M 00), light brown (N 30 A 60 M 30), light yellow (N 20 A 50 M 20), or beige (N 00 A 10 M 00); abhymenial hairs simple, hyaline, clinging to the surface opposite to the gills, 4.4–4.5 μm diam., with granules frequently incrusted along the outer third of their length near the apex ( Figure 2B ); basidia 18–22 × 3.2–3.3 μm, narrow claviform; spores 4.5–7.2 × 1.5–3 μm, hyaline, cylindrical, obliquely apiculate.

Habitat and Distribution:—Solitary or gregarious in large groups, saprotrophic or parasitic. This species has been reported on more than 500 hosts ( Linder 1933, Cooke 1961, Olivo-Aranda & Herrera 1994, Vázquez-Mendoza 2013, Farr & Rossman 2017) and on fallen wood of Ficus benjamina . This species has a wide distribution and can be found throughout the year ( Degreef et al. 1997). In Tabasco, it is distributed in the municipalities of Centro, Huimanguillo, Tacotalpa, Teapa, Tenosique, and Macuspana. In Mexico, it has been recorded in all states ( Díaz-Moreno 2004, Olivo-Aranda & Herrera 1994). Worldwide, it is distributed on all continents except for Antarctica ( Chang & Lui 1969, Adejoye et al. 2007, Ohm et al. 2010).

Examined material:— Mexico. Tabasco: Cárdenas, Poblado C29 , elev. 10m, GPS 18º 03’ N, 96° 27’ W, 31 June 2009, Olmedo-López 1 ; Centro , Yumka´, elev. 10 m, GPS 18° 00’ W, 92º 50’ N, 06 September 2002, González 15 ; Villahermosa , elev. 15 m, GPS 18° 00’ N, 92º 50’ W, 04 September 2000, Sosa-Martínez 4 ; Jardín Botánico José Narciso Rovirosa , elev. 10 m, GPS 17° 59’ N, 92°58’ W, 04 December 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 800 ; 31 May 2016, Ovando 02; 25 November 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 711; Medellin y Pigua 3ª Sección , elev. 10 m, GPS 17 ° 74’ N, 93°18’ W, 14 February 2010, Pérez Hernández 02 ; 14 February 2010, Orduña-Rodas 1; Villa Las Fuentes Periférico , elev. 9 m, GPS 17° 58’ N, 92° 57’ W, 26 June 2001, Cappello 2142 ; Huimanguillo, Agua Selva , elev. 1000 m, GPS 17° 34’ N, 93° 59’ W, 18 November 2002, Domínguez 1 ; Estación Chontalpa , elev. 40 m GPS 17 ° 66´N, 93° 48´W, González 16, 16 October 2004 ; Tacotalpa, Sierra Tapijulapa , elev. 325 m, GPS 17°30 N, 92° 49’ W, 14 March 2003, Díaz-Contreras 57 ; Poblado Pomoquita , elev. 9 m, GPS 17°22´N 92°43´W, 22 October 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 658, 661 ; Parque Natural Villa Luz , elev. 120 m, 17° 26’ N, GPS 92° 45’ W, 23 November 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 710 ; Tapijulapa , elev. 900 m, GPS 17°27’ N, 92°41’ W, 23 August 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 646 ; Macuspana, Parque Estatal Agua Blanca , elev. 100 m, GPS 17 °, 52’ N, 92° 29’ W, 06 July 2011, Mondragón-Sánchez 17 ; 05 April 2005, Díaz-Contreras 578; 11 July 2012, Carreño-Ruiz 118, Carreño-Ruiz 119, Carreño-Ruiz 707 ; Teapa, Ejido Vicente-Guerrero , elev. 100 m, GPS 17° 51’ N, 92° 92’ W, 12 June 2005, Cappello 2206 ; Grutas del Coconá , elev. 150 m, 17° 34’ N, 93° 56’ W, 07 May 2015, Carreño-Ruiz 635 ; Sierra Madrigal , elev. 325 m, GPS 17° 30’ N, 92° 49’ W, 05 April 2003, Díaz-Contreras 55 ; 02 March 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 617; Mercado Diana Córdova de Balboa , elev. 100 m, GPS 17° 33’ N, 93° 57’ W, 08 May 2016, Carreño-Ruiz 634 ; Tenosique, Ranchería Santo Tomas, Vázquez 1, elev. 20 m, GPS 17° 17’ N, 91° 20’ W, 4 December 1987 ( UJAT Herbarium) .

Notes:—This species is distinguished by its very dense pellicle and by the slightly split radial lines that are occasionally observed on the surface of the pileus. Margins are rolled toward the hymenium. Spores are generally light yellow in color and basidiomes have a characteristic odor of dead wood. At the micromorphological level, the abhymenial hairs cling near the surface opposite to the gills and have crystalline granules along the outer third of their length.

Figures

FIGURE 2. A) Cross section of the context and B) abhymenial hairs of Schizophyllum commune. Photography by A. A. Ávalos-Lázaro.