Leptocera caenosa ( Rondani, 1880 )

Buck, Matthias & Marshall, Stephen A., 2009, Revision of New World Leptocera Olivier (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), Zootaxa 2039 (1), pp. 1-139 : 27-32

Leptocera caenosa ( Rondani, 1880)

( Figs. 6 , 48–54 )

Limosina caenosa Rondani, 1880: 36 (lectotype ♂, MZUF, not examined).

Leptocera caenosa .— Roháček et al., 2001: 151 (World catalog).

Leptocera fontinalis auctt., nec ( Fallén, 1826): many older Nearctic references (see under L. fontinalis , Taxonomy).

Description. This species was redescribed and illustrated in detail by Roháček (1982). Body length 2.1–3.5 mm. Medium brown with anterior part of frons, lower part of face (sometimes), inner surface of pedicel, basomedial area of first flagellomere and part of gena more or less reddish or yellow; palpus, inner surface of fore coxa, mid trochanter, knees, apices of tibiae, base of fore tibia and tarsi paler brown. Uppermost orbital setula inclinate and proclinate (sometimes absent on one side). Arista long-pubescent ( Fig. 6 ). Palpus inflated, only about 3.5x as long as wide. Mid tibia with bristle above distal dorsal 0.4–0.6x as long as distal anterodorsal bristle; lowermost bristle of proximal posterodorsal series shorter than lowermost bristle of anterodorsal series; posteroapical bristles short and usually of equal length, ventral one sometimes longer. Segments 3–5 of fore tarsus dilated in male, normal in female.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 48–51 ): Sternite 5 with many long bristles posterolaterally; posteromedial field of microtrichia wide but not very long; hind margin with numerous short and very fine, hair-like scales. Epandrium with numerous long bristles ventrally (see also Roháček, 1982: Fig. 60 ). Anterior section of surstylus with anterior process terminating in a tapered, anteriorly directed point (sometimes directed somewhat laterally and then appearing more blunt; see Roháček, 1982: Fig. 62 ); ventral lobe nearly flat and almost bristleless except for a few short hairs near inner margin, its long posterior bristle shifted forward and removed from hind margin (less than in the related L. erratica sp.n.). Posterior section of surstylus of unusual shape: slender, tapered and curved inward almost rectangularly (posterior view), inner margin sclerotized throughout, without membranous margin (unlike most South American species), apical third with three strong bristles, middle one the strongest (all with pointed tips but lateral one less tapered), basal portion with few long, pale hairs in lateral half. Cercus simple (i.e., without finger-like or lamellate medial process). Postgonite with relatively small posterobasal notch (cf. Roháček, 1982: Fig. 63 ).

Female terminalia ( Figs. 52–54 ): Tergite 7 moderately long and convex (length smaller than in South American species), with a pair of strong, cruciate bristles near middle, shining median stripe variable, extending from hind margin to somewhere between anterior margin and apex of anterior 2/3 (one female each from Panama and Chile have the tergite completely pruinose; they were identified as L. caenosa because of their association with males). Sternite 7 simple, with pale hind margin. Fused tergite 10 + cerci moderately short (longer than in South American species), with short hairs. Spermathecae elongate, with transversely ridged basal half and slightly dilated, bumpy distal half.

Material examined (New World). CANADA: Newfoundland : 1 ♀, St. John's, Agric. Exp. Sta. ( CNCI) ; 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Fogo I., Fogo ( DEBU) . Nova Scotia : 2 ♀♀, Cape Breton Highlands Natl. Pk., Lone Shielding ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Lockeporte ( DEBU) . New Brunswick: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, St. Andrews ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, St. Andrews, Gibson Lake ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Bay of Fundy ( DEBU) . Quebec: 1 ♀, Bonaventure Is. ( CNCI) ; 1 ♀, Old Chelsea ( DEBU) ; 3 ♀♀, Montreal ( DEBU) ; Sutton, Roundtop Mt. ( CNCI) . Ontario (by counties/districts). Algoma

Distr.: 1 ♂, Sault Sainte Marie ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 12.4 km NNE Searchmont, Whitman Dam Rd, mi. 10 ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Icewater Creek WS, 12.7 km NNE Searchmont, Whitman Dam Rd mi. 10.5 ( DEBU); 5 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Hilton Beach ( DEBU); 1 ♂, St. Joseph I., Hilton Twp. ( DEBU). Bruce Co.: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Fathom Five Natl. Pk., Cove Is. ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Fathom Five Natl. Pk., Flowerpot Is. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Bruce Pen. Natl. Pk., Cyprus Lake ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Bruce Pen. Natl. Pk., Singing Sands ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Dorcas Bay ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Dunks Bay ( DEBU). Carleton Co.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mer Bleue Bog nr. Notre-Dame-des-Champs ( DEBU); 20 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, Ottawa ( DEBU, CNCI); 6 ♀♀, Ottawa, Uplands Airport ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Shirleys Bay, 15 km W Ottawa ( DEBU); 1 ♀, 8 km S Richmond ( DEBU). Essex Co.: 1 ♀, Pelee I., Fish Point ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Middle I. ( DEBU); 19 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Point Pelee Natl. Pk. ( DEBU); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Windsor ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Woodsley ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, NE of Harrow ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Windsor, ~ 1.5km S Ojibway Prairie ( DEBU). Haldimand-Norfolk Reg.: 2 ♀♀, Long Point Prov. Pk. ( DEBU). Halton Reg.: 1 ♂, Norval ( DEBU). Hamilton-Wentworth Reg.: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Hamilton ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Waterdown, Picioni Mushroom Farm ( DEBU). Kent Co.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Rondeau Prov. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Chatham ( CNCI). Lambton Co.: 9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Port Franks, Karner Blue Sanctuary ( DEBU). Lanark Co.: 1 ♀, Lanark ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Patterson Lake ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Watsons Corners ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Almonte ( CNCI). Leeds & Grenville Co.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Biol. Station ( DEBU). Lincoln Co.: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Vineland ( DEBU). Manitoulin Distr.: 1 ♀, Manitoulin I. ( DEBU). Nipissing Distr.: 7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. ( DEBU); 3 ♀♀, Algonquin Prov. Pk., Lake Sasajewun Wildlife Res. Stn. ( DEBU). Nipissing Distr./Haliburton Co.: 1 ♂, Algonquin Prov. Pk. ( DEBU). Parry Sound Distr.: 1 ♀, Killbear Prov. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Parry Sound ( DEBU). Peterborough Co.: 1 ♂, Peterborough ( CNCI). Prescott and Russell Co.: 1 ♀, Cumberland ( DEBU). Renfrew Co.: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 7 mi E Griffith ( DEBU). Simcoe Co.: 32 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀, Washago ( DEBU). Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Co.: 1 ♀, Berwick ( CNCI). Sudbury Distr.: 1 ♂, 60 km N Espanola ( DEBU). Waterloo Reg.: 1 ♂, Blair, RARE ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Oliver Bog, 3 km S Galt ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Kitchener ( DEBU). Welland Co.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Wainfleet Bog, 8 km S Welland ( DEBU). Wellington Co.: 2 ♀♀, Damascus, Wilde Lake Bog ( DEBU). 31 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀, 3 specimens, Guelph ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Crieff Fen, 3 km W Puslinch ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Puslinch ( DEBU); 1 ♀, locality not given ( DEBU). York Reg.: 1 ♀, Stouffville ( DEBU). Manitoba: 1 ♀, Winnipeg ( DEBU). Saskatchewan: 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Batoche ( DEBU); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Wartime ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Plato ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Grasslands Natl. Pk., Val Marie ( DEBU). Alberta: 1 ♀, Stettler ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Jumping Pound Creek ( DEBU); 14 specimens, Leduc ( DEBU). British Columbia: 2 ♂♂, Jones Creek, 10 mi W Hope ( DEBU). U.S.A. Alaska: 1 ♀, Palmer ( USNM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Pt. Barrow ( USNM); 1 ♂, Wrangell ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, Summit, 86 mi ENE Fairbanks Hwy. 6 ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Kenai Peninsula, Summit Lake ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Aleutians West, Pribilof Is., St. Paul Island ( CASC). Alabama: 1 ♂, Conecuh Co., Turks Cave ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Madison Co., Burwell Cave, 1 mi E Jeff ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Marshall Par., Honeycomb Cave, 0.5 mi NE Guntersville Dam ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Blount Co., Carfish Cave, 0.5 mi SW Bangor ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Baldwin Co., Bon Secour Natl. Wildlife Ref. ( MEMU); 1 ♀, De Kalb Co., De Soto St. Pk. ( MEMU); 1 ♂, Lauderdale Co., Key Cave [~ 5 mi SW Florence] ( USNM). Arkansas: 19 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀, Polk Co., Mena, 13 mi NW, Rich Mt., 2,800 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Yell Co., Mt. Nebo St. Pk. ( DEBU); 13 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Washington Co., 3 mi S Devils Den St. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Garland Co., Crystal Springs, 1.2 mi N Hwy. 270 ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Washington Co., Devils Den St. Pk., Devils Den Cave ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Madison Co., 3 mi S Brashears, 1,600 ft ( DEBU). Arizona: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Navajo Co., 15 mi SE Holbrook, 5,300 ft ( DEBU); 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Black Mesa, Jct. 160 & 504, 6,900 ft ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Coconino Co., 25 mi N Flagstaff, Wupatki Natl. Mon., 5,600 ft ( DEBU); 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Tuba City, 4,700 ft ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Oak Creek Canyon, S Flagstaff, 5,900 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Flagstaff, 7,100 ft ( DEBU); 4 ♀♀, Oak Creek Canyon at Sterling Canyon, S Flagstaff, 5,900 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Cochise Co., nr. Portal, S.W.R.S. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Portal, S.W.R.S., Chiricahua Mts. ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon ( DEBU, CNCI); 1 ♂, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Walker Canyon, 8 mi NNW Nogales, 3,900 ft ( DEBU). California: 1 ♀, locality not given ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, El Dorado Co., Blodgett Forest 13 mi E Georgetown ( EMEC); 1 ♀, Marin Co., San Anselmo ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, San Rafael, 401 Forbes Rd. ( CASC); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, San Francisco Co., San Francisco EMEC); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, San Francisco, West Portal ( CASC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Alameda Co., Berkeley ( EMEC, CNCI); 1 ♀, Contra Costa Co., Orinda ( EMEC); 1 ♂, Napa Co., Howell Mt., N side, 3 km NNE Angwin, 396 m ( CASC). Colorado: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Larimer Co., Fort Collins ( CSUC); 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Denver Co. ( CSUC). Connecticut: 2 ♂♂, Fairfield Co., Stamford ( USNM). District of Columbia: 1 ♂ ( USNM); 1 ♀, Rock Creek ( USNM). Florida: 1 ♀, Putnam Co., Crescent City ( USNM); 1 ♂, Okaloosa Co., 4.5 km N Molt, Blackwater River State For. ( DEBU). Georgia: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Athens ( UGCA); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Chatham Co., Savannah ( USNM); 3 ♀♀, Chattooga Co., Blowing Spring Cave, 2.5 mi NE Cloudland ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Dade Co., Cloudland Canyon St. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Clarke Co., 33°54'N, 83°16'W ( UGCA); 6 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀, Effingham Co. ( UGCA). Iowa: 1 ♂, Dubuque Co., Webers Cave, 5 mi S Dubuque ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Jackson Co., Maquoketa St. Pk., Barred Cave ( DEBU). Illinois: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Champaign Co., Mahomet, Hart Woods ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Champaign ( CNCI); 1 ♂, Jo Daviess Co., Hutchings Mine ( DEBU); 4 ♂♂, St. Clair Co., Stemler Cave ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Monroe Co., Hidden Hand Cave, Camp Vanderventer ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Fogelpole Cave ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, Union Co., Saratoga Cave ( DEBU). Indiana: 1 ♂, Lake Co., Gary ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, Lawrence Co., Hoosier Natl. Forest, Donaldson Trail ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Salt Creek Cave ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Brown Co., Brown Co. St. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Crawford Co., Hoosier Natl. Forest, 13 km S English ( DEBU); 13 specimens, Harrison Co., Crawford Harrison St. For., Stygian River Cave ( DEBU). Kentucky: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Edmonson Co., Mammoth Cave Natl. Pk., Running Branch DEBU); 1 ♀, Mammoth Cave Natl. Pk. ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Scott Co., Georgetown ( MSUC); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 4 specimens, Carter Co., Carter Caves St. Pk., Bat Cave ( DEBU). Louisiana: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Grant Par., Stuart Lake Camp, 28 km N Alexandria ( DEBU); 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Rapides Par., 11 mi SW Alexandria ( CNCI); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, East Baton Rouge Par. ( DEBU). Massachusetts: 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Middlesex Co., Medford ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Essex Co., Niles ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Beverly ( USNM). Maryland: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Montgomery Co., Silver Spring ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, Bethesda ( USNM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 4 mi SW Ashton ( USNM); 1 ♀, Glen Echo ( USNM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Prince George's Co., 39°03'N, 76°47'W ( UGCA); 1 ♀, Washington Co., 1 mi S Boonesboro ( USNM). Michigan: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Detroit ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Ingham Co., East Lansing ( USNM); 1 ♀, Kalamazoo Co., Gull Lake Biol. Station ( MSUC); 1 ♀, Roscommon Co. ( MSUC). Missouri: 2 ♀♀, Wayne Co., Williamsville ( CNCI). Minnesota: 1 ♀, Hennepin Co., Lake Minnetonka ( UGCA); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Polk Co., Crookston ( USNM). Mississippi: 1 ♀, Bolivar Co., Dahomey Natl. Wildlife Res. ( MEMU); 1 ♀, Oktibbeha Co., Starkville ( MEMU); 2 ♂♂, 6 mi SW Starkville ( MEMU); 1 ♀, Craig Springs ( MEMU); 1 ♂, Black Belt Prairie ( MEMU); 1 ♀, Oktibbeha Co., locality not given ( MEMU); 1 ♂, Panola Co., 3 mi WSW Sardis ( MEMU); 1 ♂, 4 mi ENE Como ( MEMU); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Pontotoc Co., 1 mi SE Ecru ( MEMU). New Hampshire: 16 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Strafford Co., Spruce Hole, 3 mi SW Durham ( DEBU); 52 ♂♂, 48 ♀♀, 1 mi SW Durham ( DEBU); 7 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 1 mi NW Durham ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 mi NE Durham ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Coos Co., Norton Pool, 3 mi NE East Inlet Dam ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 mi NE East Inlet Dam ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Mt. Washington, Lakes of the Clouds ( CNCI); 5 ♂♂, Carroll Co., The Bowl, 2.5 mi NW Wonalancet ( DEBU); 13 ♂♂, E. Pk. Spring Brook, 1 mi N Wonalancet ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Grafton Co., Passaconaway, Lily Pond, 2,050 ft ( DEBU); Rockingham Co., 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Odiorne Point ( DEBU); 1 ♀, 1 mi W Odiorne Point ( DEBU). New Jersey: 1 ♂, Burlington Co., Oswego River nr. Martha ( ANSP). New Mexico: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Valencia Co., 2 mi W Los Lunas, 4,900 ft ( DEBU); 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Santa Fe Co., 14 mi NE Santa Fe, 9,600 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Santa Fe Baldy, 11,800 ft ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Eddy Co., Carlsbad Caverns Natl. Pk., Sitting Bull Falls, 4,600 ft ( DEBU); 11 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀, Carlsbad Caverns ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Carlsbad ( USNM); 2 ♀♀, Lincoln Co., Sierra Blanca, Oak Grove P.G., 8,100 ft ( DEBU); 10 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, Bernalillo Co., Isleta, 4,900 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 7 mi S Tijeras, 2,400 ft ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Sandoval Co., Bernalillo, 5,100 ft ( DEBU). New York: 1 ♂, New York ( USNM); 1 ♀, Niagara Co., Wilson ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Tompkins Co., Ithaca ( USNM); 1 ♀, Westchester Co., Montrose ( USNM). North Carolina: 1 ♂, locality not given ( USNM); 1 ♂, Moore Co., Southern Pines ( USNM); 2 ♂♂, Edgecombe Co., 3 mi W Tarboro ( MEMU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 mi NW Tarboro ( MEMU); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 8 mi WSW Tarboro ( MEMU); 1 ♂, Robeson Co., Lumberton ( DEBU); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Swain Co., Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Pk., NE Mt. Collins, 35°35'10"N, 083°28'23"W, 1,800 m ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Pk., Clingmans Dome ( CNCI); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Jackson Co., Cullowhee Cane Creek, 35°19'02"N, 083°10'48"W, 2,200 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Whiteside Mt., Highlands ( CNCI). North Dakota: 1 ♀, Billings/McKenzie Co., Theodore Roosevelt Natl. Pk. ( DEBU). Ohio: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Champaign Co., Hume's Woods, 6 mi NW Urbana ( DEBU); 2 ♀♀, Herr Wood, 6 mi NW Urbana ( DEBU). Oklahoma: 7 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Comanche Co., Wichita Mts. Refuge ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Murray Co., Sulphur, Chickasaw Recr. Area ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Caddo Co., Red Rock Canyon St. Pk. nr. Hinton ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Lattimer Co., 5 mi W Red Oak ( DEBU). Oregon: 1 ♂, Lincoln Co., Siuslaw Natl. For., Slide Camp ( EMEC); 1 ♀, Klamath Co., Crater Lake ( USNM). Pennsylvania: 1 ♂, Allegheny Co., Upper St. Clair Twp. ( EMEC); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Lackawanna Co., Dickson City ( USNM); 10 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀, Erie Co., Erie ( PSUC); 13 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Centre Co., State College ( PSUC); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Butler Co. ( PSUC); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Warren Co., Warren ( PSUC). South Carolina: 3 ♂♂, Orangeburg Co., Neeses ( DEBU); 3 specimens, Pickens Co., Cherry Farm Insectery, from colony ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, Clemson ( USNM); 1 ♂, Aiken Co., 4 km S Kitchings Mill ( USNM); 1 ♀, Richland Co., Columbia, Riverbanks Zoo ( DEBU). Tennessee: 4 ♂♂, Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Pk., Greenbrier Cove, Ramsey Cascade Trail, 2,700 –2,900 ft ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Pk., Sugarlands Visitor Center ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Great Smoky Mts. Natl. Pk., 8 mi S Gatlinburg, 3,100 ft ( DEBU); 3 ♂♂, Gatlinburg, 1,400 ft ( DEBU); 2 ♂♂, Marion Co., Shellmound, Nickajack Cave ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Union Co., 9 mi SE La Follette ( UGCA). Texas: 1 ♂, Dallas ( USNM); 2 ♀♀, Uvalde ( USNM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Brazos Co., College Station ( TAMU, DEBU); 1 ♂, Collin Co., Allen ( TAMU); 1 ♀, Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mts. Natl. Pk., Upper Dog Canyon, 32°00'N, 104°50'W, 2,030 m ( ANSP); 1 ♀, Jeff Davis Co., Madera Canyon Rest Stop Hwy 118 ( TAMU); 1 ♀, Kerr Co., Center Point ( TAMU); 1 ♀, Montgomery Co., Jones State Forest, 8 mi S Conroe ( TAMU); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Randall Co., Palo Duro Canyon St. Pk., 3,420 ft ( DEBU); 13 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, San Patricio Co., Mathis, Nueces River ( DEBU). Utah: 1 ♀, Utah Co., Provo Environs ( TAMU). Virginia: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Lee Co., Smith Cave ( USNM); 6 ♀♀, Arlington Co., Arlington ( USNM); 1 ♂, Fairfax Co., nr. Annandale ( USNM); 1 ♂, Dead Run ( USNM); 1 ♂, Giles Co., Bald Knob 10 km NW Blacksburg ( DEBU); 1 ♀, Patrick Co., Vesta ( CNCI); 9 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Shenandoah Co., Madden Cave nr. New Market ( USNM); 3 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Battle Ground Cavern nr. Strasburg ( USNM); 3 ♂♂, 26 ♀♀, Page Co., Luray Caverns ( USNM); 1 ♀, Loudoun Co., Leesburg ( USNM). Vermont: 1 ♂, Lamoille/Chittenden Co., Mt. Mansfield, 4,300 ft ( DEBU). Washington: 1 ♂, Whitman Co., Pullman, 2,000 –2,500 ft ( DEBU). West Virginia: 1 ♂, Randolph Co., Bickle Knob 6.5 mi E Elkins, 1,250 m ( DEBU). Wyoming: 1 ♀, Big Horn Co., 10 mi E Lovell, 3,800 ft ( DEBU). MEXICO. Hidalgo: 1 ♀, El Chico Natl. Pk., 1 mi S El Chico, 1–6.vii.1971, Quercus, D.H. Newton (USNM) . Jalisco: 1 ♀, Chapala, 26.iv.1943 ( USNM). Morelos: 1 ♀, 8 mi S Tres Cumbres, 7,400 ft, 29.viii–4.ix.1971, oak / pine forest, dung, A. Newton ( DEBU). Querétaro: 1 ♂, Entronque desviación Higuerillas carretera San Juan del Río—Jalpan, 1,420 m, 8.viii.1930, matorral de Larrea , en detritus de Atta mexicana, P. Rojas (USNM) . COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas: 1 ♂, Santa Elena Area, San Gerardo Pres., Carribean slope, 1,000 –1,200 m, 16.xii.1994, J. & A. Skevington ( DEBU). Prov. San José: 1 ♂, Cerro de la Muerte, Arroyo Muerte, 3,200 m, 7–13.iv.1985, L. Masner ( DEBU); 1 ♂, Cerro de la Muerte, Hwy 2, km 106, 8,200 ft, 25.ii.1984, carrion trap, A. Howden ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hwy 2, km 95, 9°36'N, 83°44'W, 320 m, 1–7.vi.1985, Goulet & Masner ( DEBU); 1 ♀, San Gerardo de Dota, Río Savegre, 2,200 m, 9.viii.1995, C.W. Young ( CMNH). PANAMA. Prov. Chiriquí: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 27 km W Cerro Punta, 1,700 m, 5.vi.1977, carrion, S. Peck ( DEBU). ECUADOR. Prov. Cotopaxi: 1 ♂, 40 km N Latacunga, 3,350 m, 17–25.vii.1985, páramo, carrion, S. & J. Peck ( DEBU). ARGENTINA. Prov. Lolog: 3 ♂♂, 7 km N San Martín de los Andes, 900 m, 23.xi–1.xii.1989, FIT nr. pond, S.A. Marshall ( DEBU). CHILE. Reg. Aconcagua: 1 ♀, Juan Fernández Is. (new record), Robinson Crusoe I., Bahía Cumberland, 1–11.i.1993, malaise, Marshall & González ( DEBU). Reg. Araucanía: 1 ♂, Malleco, 6 km W Curacautín, 750 m, 12.xii.1984 – 16.ii.1985, grazed Nothofagus forest remnant, carrion trap, S. & J. Peck ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Cautín, Cerro Ñielol Natl. Pk., 300 m, 13.xii.1984 – 12.ii.1985, mixed evergreen forest, carrion trap, S. & J. Peck ( DEBU). Reg. Los Lagos: 1 ♀, Prov. Osorno, 4 km E Anticura, 430 m, 19–26.xii.1982, Newton & Thayer ( CNCI). Reg. Maule: 1 ♂, Prov. Curicó, Estero de la Jaula, i.1964, Nothofagus forest, L.E. Peña ( CNCI).

Extralimital materal examined. TRISTAN DA CUNHA (new record): 1 ♀, Sandy Point, 120 ft ,

21.ii.2005, farmland, grass and odd pine trees, C. Hänel ( DEBU); 1 ♀, west of Edinburgh Village , 127 ft ,

7–12.ii.2005, cultivated crop land, C. Hänel ( DEBU); 1 ♀, on path below rim between Plantation and Council Gulches, 1,267 ft , 10–14.ii.2005, C. Hänel ( DEBU). In addition we have seen specimens from Hawaii (Maui: DEBU), Spain ( DEBU), Hungary ( DEBU), Russia (Siberia, Altai region: DEBU), Japan ( DEBU), South Africa (Natal: DEBU), Australia (C. T., N.S. W., Tasmania, Victoria: DEBU, CNCI, ANIC) and New Zealand ( NZAC) .

Distribution. Leptocera caenosa has been recorded from all biogeographic Regions except the Oriental ( Roháček et al., 2001). It is widespread in the Nearctic (Map 1) and the Palaearctic Region (not yet found in North Africa or the Middle East). Interestingly, the species seems to be quite rare in South America where most of its closest relatives occur. We strongly suspect that its occurrence in the Neotropical region (Central and South America) as well as Australasia (eastern Australia, New Zealand), and several remote islands (Hawaii, Juan Fernández Is., South Shetlands, Tristan da Cunha, Gough I.) is due to accidental introduction, which is not surprising considering the synanthropic tendencies of this species (see Biology section under L. caenosa species group).

Discussion. In the male sex this species is easily recognised by the characteristic, slender and curved posterior section of the surstylus. Leptocera caenosa belongs to a group of species (including L. erratica sp.n. and L. mendozana ) with simple male cercus and inclinate uppermost orbital setula. With L. erratica sp.n. it shares the inflated palpus, with L. mendozana the presence of three (instead of the usual two) strong apical bristles on the posterior section of the surstylus. The convexity and length of female tergite 7 is intermediate between L. erythrocera / L. sphaerotheca sp.n. (T7 short, hardly convex) on one hand and the endemic South American species ( L. argentinica sp.n., L. gongylotheca sp.n., L. mendozana Richards , L. papallacta sp.n., L. neocurvinervis Richards , L. aequilimbata Duda , L. longilimbata sp.n.: T7 long, strongly convex) on the other hand. Females with completely pruinose tergite 7 cannot be separated from L. erratica sp.n.

Figures

FIGURES 2–6. Leptocera heads and antennae. Heads of (2) L. argentinica sp.n. (Argentina); (3) L. fulva (Costa Rica). Arista and first flagellomeres of (4) L. aequilimbata (Peru); (5) L. neocurvinervis (Chile); (6) L. caenosa (U.S.A.). ad s—additional setulae on orbit, l or—lower orbital bristle, u or—upper orbital bristle.

FIGURES 48–54. Leptocera caenosa (48–51: Ecuador, 52–54: U.S.A.). Male terminalia (phallus and postgonites omitted): (48) posterior; (49) sternite 5; (50) surstylus, lateral; (51) ventral. Female terminalia: (52) dorsal; (53) spermathecae; (54) ventral. ce—cercus, sa—shining area of tergite 7.

FIGURES 55–61. Leptocera erratica sp.n. (55–57: Argentina, 58: Australia, 59–61: U.S.A.). Male terminalia (phallus and postgonites omitted): (55) lateral; (56) posterior; (57) ventral; (58) sternite 5. Female terminalia: (59) dorsal; (60) spermathecae; (61) ventral.

FIGURES 62–68. Leptocera erythrocera (62–65: Canada, 66–68: U.S.A.). Male terminalia (phallus and postgonites omitted): (62) lateral; (63) posterior; (64) ventral; (65) sternite 5. Female terminalia: (66) dorsal; (67) spermathecae; (68) ventral.