Graphonema Cobb, 1898

Shimada, Daisuke, Tsujimoto, Megumu & Watanabe, Kentaro, 2019, A New Free-living Marine Nematode Species of the Genus Graphonema (Nematoda: Chromadorida: Chromadoridae) from Antarctica, Species Diversity 24 (1), pp. 61-67 : 62

Genus Graphonema Cobb, 1898

Protochromadora Inglis, 1969: 177 .

Diagnosis [modified from Inglis (1969), Warwick and Coles (1975) and Tchesunov (2014)]. Euchromadorinae . Body cuticle with complex heterogeneous ornamentation. Lateral differentiation either present or absent. Amphideal fovea either transverse slit-like without a double contour, or not observed. Buccal cavity with a hollow dorsal onchium and two lateral or ventrosublateral onchia, without rows of denticles. Pharynx without posterior terminal bulb. Spicules not jointed. Gubernaculum containing a dorsal piece and a pair of hammer- or L-shaped lateral pieces. Precloacal supplement absent. Pre- and postcloacal cuticular elevation also absent.

Type species. Graphonema vulgare Cobb, 1898 (originally spelled G. vulgaris ).

Other species. Nine species:

1. G. amokurae (Ditlevsen, 1921) Inglis, 1969 = Spilophora amokurae Ditlevsen, 1921 = Euchromadora amokurae Allgén, 1929 ;

2. G. arcticum ( Filipjev, 1946) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora arctica Filipjev, 1946 ;

3. G. georgei Inglis, 1969 ;

4. G. mediterraneum (Allgén, 1942) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora mediterranea Allgén, 1942 = Protochromadora mediterranea Inglis, 1969 ;

5. G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 ;

6. G. northumbriae Warwick and Coles, 1975 ;

7. G. parafricanum ( Gerlach, 1958) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora parafricana Gerlach, 1958 = Protochromadora parafricana Inglis, 1969 ;

8. G. scampae ( Coles, 1965) Warwick and Coles, 1975 = Euchromadora scampae Coles, 1965 = Protochromadora scampae Inglis, 1969 ; and

9. G. antarcticum sp. nov.

Remarks. Ten species, including the type species, are valid ( Cobb 1898; Wieser 1954, 1959a; Inglis 1969; Gerlach and Riemann 1973; Warwick and Coles 1975; Kito 1981). Graphonema achaeta Platonova, 1971 should be transferred to Endeolophos because of the absence of the lateral pieces of gubernaculum ( Platonova 1971). Two specific names, G. pachyderma nom. nud. by Cobb (1898), and G. biseriale nom. nud. by Wieser (1959b; originally spelled G. biserialis ) are unavailable ( Gerlach and Riemann 1973), because they were published without any description, definition, or bibliographic reference.