Ammophila W. KIRBY 1798

Dollfuss, H., 2013, Revision of the Wasps Genus Ammophila KIRBY 1798 (Hymenoptera Apoidea Sphecidae) of the Palearctic Region and India, Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (1), pp. 383-564 : 386-395

Key to Palearctic and Indian species of Ammophila W. KIRBY 1798

Females

Unknown and not included: A. abnormis , A. altigena , A. antropovi , A. djaouak , A. menkei , A. meridionalis , A. obliquestriolae , A. pachythoracalis , A. pakistana , A. persica , A. pseudonasuta , A. vetuberosa .

1. Forewing with three submarginal cells ( Fig. 11 ); (in some specimens of A. gracillima and A. heydeni 1 r-m crossvein is lost, resulting in two submarginal cells) ............................................................................................................................2

- Forewing with two submarginal cells ( Fig. 12 ) ......................................................... 80

2. Gaster partly or all red or yellowish-brown (in A. clavus only petiole and tergum I red)...............................................................................................................................3

- Gaster all black .......................................................................................................... 78

3. Propodeal enclosure covered with erect setae or with appressed silvery or brown setae, at least along midline (in some specimens setae fine and short) ........................4

- Propodeal enclosure all glabrous ............................................................................... 58

4. Pronotal collar dorsally not transversely ridged (in some specimens of A. holosericea slightly transversely striate). Scutum transversely ridged or punctate............5

- Pronotal collar dorsally and scutum distinctly transversely ridged............................ 48

5. Legs all or partly red or yellowish-brown.................................................................... 6

- Legs black.................................................................................................................. 35

6. Outer margin of foretarsomere I with basal tooth ( Fig. 14 ); propodeal enclosure with appressed silvery setae along midline, obliquely striate and glabrous laterally; pronotal collar laterally: Fig. 172 ; clypeus: Fig. 17 . 18.5-20 mm. Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Tunisia............................................. A. guichardi DE BEAUMONT

- Outer margin of foretarsomere I without basal tooth; propodeal enclosure setose along midline or all ...................................................................................................... 7

7. Pronotum not elongate, much broader than long; appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe and mesopleuron, or evenly distributed on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal side; wings yellowish or hyaline ...............8

- Pronotum elongate ( Figs 118, 120-125 ); head and thorax all covered with dense appressed silvery setae; wings hyaline....................................................................... 29

8. Pronotal collar evenly rounded dorsally ...................................................................... 9

- Pronotal collar with prominent median tubercle ( Fig. 116 ), or angulate laterally ( Fig. 117 ), or with concave anterior surface ( Fig. 138 ) ............................................. 27

9. Ventral margin of clypeus semicircularly emarginated medially ( Figs 26, 27 ); mandible (except apex) red........................................................................................ 10

- Ventral margin of clypeus without distinct emargination; mandible black or red ........... 11

10. Thorax covered with appressed silvery setae that completely obscure underlying sculpture; clypeus: Fig. 26 . 18- 22 mm. Algeria, Tunisia, Spain.................................... ............................................................................................. A. albotomentosa MORICE

- Thorax covered with appressed silvery setae that do not obscure underlying sculpture, at least on metapleuron; clypeus ( Fig. 27 ). 17-21.5 mm. Israel, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia................................................................. A. hemilauta KOHL

11. Gastral apex black, with metallic shine...................................................................... 12

- Gastral apex more or less black, without metallic shine ............................................ 16

12. Clypeus distinctly elongate ( Fig. 28 ); metapleuron without appressed silvery setae ........... 13

- Clypeus not elongate; metapleuron with or without appressed silvery setae ............. 14

13. Pronotal collar black. 16-19.5 mm. Spain, Portugal, southern France........................... ................................................................................................ A. laevicollis Ed. ANDRÉ

- Pronotal collar and petiole black or red. 18-22 mm. North Africa ............................... .............................................................. A. nasuta LEPELETIER and A. atlantica ROTH (I cannot provide reliable separation characters for these two species, but geographical distribution is of some help: A. atlantica is known only from western and north-western coast of Morocco, whereas A. nasuta is widely distributed in North Africa).

14. Appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron along mesopleural suture and on propodeum posterolaterally; petiole black; clypeus: Fig. 29 . 20- 22 mm. Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco.......................... A. holosericea (FABRICIUS)

- Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum laterally all covered with appressed silvery setae; petiole at least ventrally red ................................................................. 15

15. Tergum V and VI pruinose. 17-20 mm. Egypt, Malta, Israel, Iran, Yemen, Libya, Morocco, Chad, Sudan........................................................................... A. dubia KOHL

- Terga V and VI not pruinose. 15-19.5 mm. Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, West Sahara, Chad.................................. A. poecilocnemis MORICE

16. Length over 25 mm; clypeus elongate, median lobe truncate ( Fig. 32 ); wings yellow mesally, with brownish margin; scutum transversely ridged and punctate. Syria, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Oman, Algeria................. A. insignis F. SMITH

- Length less than 25 mm; clypeus differently shaped; wings slightly yellow or almost hyaline; scutum transversely ridged or irregularly punctate........................... 17

17. Scutum transversely ridged and punctate................................................................... 18

- Scutum punctate, at most with rudimentary ridges ....................................................21

18. Supra-antennal lamellate projection well developed (Fig. 18); appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron and propodeum laterally. 18-22 mm. Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco.............................. A. gusenleitneri DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

- Supra-antennal lamellate projection absent; appressed silvery setae forming spots or evenly distributed on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal side............................................................................................................................. 19

19. Appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron and propodeum posterolaterally; metapleuron not or distinctly less covered with appressed silvery setae; gastral apex in most specimens not pruinose. 15-22 mm. Central Europe (partly), Mediterranean Region, Yemen, Iran, Armenia, Central Asia, China, Pakistan, India, Indonesia (Timor). (In specimens form China see also A. pseudoheydeni LI & HE 2000 )................................................. A. heydeni DAHLBOM

- Appressed silvery setae evenly distributed on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal side; gastral apex pruinose .......................................... 20

20. Midtibia with one spur (at most a small second spur present); clypeal disk convex in lateral view ( Fig. 85 ). 17.5-23.5 mm. Jordan, Israel, Syria, Arabian Peninsula, Africa............................................................................................ A. rubripes SPINOLA

- Midtibia with two long spurs; clypeal disk on ventral half flat in lateral view ( Fig. 86 ). 20-21 mm. Egypt, Oman, Sudan.................................. A. horni VON SCHULTHESS

21. Appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron along mesopleural suture and on propodeum posterolaterally; hindtibia black or red......... 22

- Appressed silvery setae evenly distributed on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal side; hindtibia red .......................................................... 23

22. Propodeal enclosure along midline coarsely reticulate and covered with erect silvery-white setae, laterally with coarse transverse rugae and glabrous; clypeal disk nearly flat; scutum dull, coarsely irregularly punctate (punctures 0-3 diameters apart); hindtibia black; mandible black. 17-21 mm. India, Nepal, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam. (In specimens from China see also A. menghaiana LI & YANG 1989 )........................................................................................... A. laevigata F. SMITH

- Propodeal enclosure all covered with fine appressed silvery setae and white erect setae; clypeal disk distinctly convex ( Fig. 15 ); scutum shiny and densely punctate; hindtibia basally red; mandible red (except apex). 20 mm. Tajikistan, Kazakhstan...... ............................................................................ A. zimmermannae DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

23. Clypeus markedly elongate ( Figs 40 , 631 ) ................................................................ 24

- Clypeus insignificantly elongate ( Figs 34 , 41, 42 ) .................................................... 25

24. North Africa, Iran, Jordan Israel, Arabian Peninsula, West Sahara. 14-21 mm ............. ........................................................................................................... A. erminea KOHL

- Kazakhstan. 16 mm ........................................................................ A. iliensis KAZENAS

25. Clypeal disk nearly flat. 14-16(21?) mm. India, Pakistan............... A. smithii F. SMITH

- Clypeal disk convex................................................................................................... 26

26. Mandible and scape red. 20 mm. Mongolia (Gobi), East Iran.......... A. roborowskyi KOHL

- Mandible and scape nearly all black. 14 mm. Mongolia............. A. pulawskii TSUNEKI

27. Pronotal collar with anterior surface concave in lateral view ( Fig. 138 ); appressed silvery setae evenly distributed on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeal side; gastral apex black, without metallic shine. 18-21.5 mm. Jordan, Oman, Syria......................................................................................... A. exsecta KOHL

- Pronotal collar differently shaped; appressed silvery setae forming spots on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron and propodeum posterolaterally; gastral apex with metallic shine ............................................................................................................. 28

28. Pronotal collar with prominent median tubercle ( Figs 116 , 139 ). 19-22 mm. Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Jordan, Algeria, Morocco, Western Sahara................................ .......................................................................................................... A. strumosa KOHL

- Pronotal collar distinctly angulate laterally ( Figs 117 , 140 ). 18.5-20.5 mm. Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Syria, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia................................................ ............................................................................................ A. quadraticollis A. COSTA

29. Mesothoracic venter prominent anteriorly, concave for reception of forecoxa, depression margined by carina that forms one median or two lateral projections; gastral socket not attaining propodeal dorsum........................................................... 30

- Mesothoracic venter not prominent anteriorly; gastral socket attaining propodeal dorsum or nearly so ................................................................................................... 34

30. Propodeal enclosure along midline broadly covered with appressed silvery setae, laterally transversely ridged and glabrous; clypeus narrowed ventrally ( Fig. 46 ), clypeal disk distinctly convex ( Fig. 87 ); gastral apex truncate: Fig. 24. 13- 15 mm. Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan..................................................... A. lativalvis GUSSAKOVSKIJ

- Propodeal enclosure all covered with appressed silvery setae; clypeus differently shaped; gastral apex acute.......................................................................................... 31

31. Forecoxal venter with small apical tooth (Fig. 25); mesothoracic venter prominent anteriorly, margined by carina that forms median projection; pronotal collar not ridged ( Figs 122 , 142 ); clypeus: Fig. 47. 14- 17 mm. Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan...................... A. dentigera GUSSAKOVSKIJ

- Forecoxal venter without tooth; mesothoracic venter prominent anteriorly, margined by carina that forms one lateral projection on each side; pronotal collar dorsaly in some specimens with indistinct transverse ridges ..................................... 32

32. Pronotal collar transversely microstriate, with anterior carina slightly prominent and slightly emarginate medially ( Figs 121 , 193 ); scutum transversely microstriate beneath appressed setae. 17 mm. Mongolia (Gobi) ....................................................... .................................................................................... A. beaumonti DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

- Pronotal collar anteriorly not prominent, not emarginate, in most specimens slightly transversely ridged; scutum more or less transversely ridged beneath appressed setae........................................................................................................... 33

33. Clypeus not elongate ( Fig. 48 ); clypeal disk nearly flat ( Fig. 88 ); pronotal collar in lateral view not concave ( Fig. 143 ); appressed silvery setae sparse on thorax dorsally. 16-19 mm. North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Syria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Central Asia, China, India................................................. A. gracillima TASCHENBERG

- Clypeus slightly elongate ( Fig. 53 ); clypeal disk distinctly convex ( Fig. 109 ); pronotal collar in lateral view concave ( Fig. 144 ); appressed silvery setae of head and thorax dense, obscuring underlying sculpture. 16-20 mm. Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan................................................. A. tekkensis GUSSAKOVSKIJ

34. Propodeal enclosure covered with appressed silvery setae along midline, laterally obliquely striate and glabrous; arolia large; free margin of clypeus slightly narrowing ( Fig. 49 ). 17.5 mm. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan................... A. induta KOHL

- Propodeal enclosure all covered with appressed silvery setae; arolia small; free margin of clypeus broadly rounded, with shallow median emargination ( Fig. 50 ). 15-18 mm. Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Oman, Yemen, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Niger, Chad, Central Asia.............. A. producticollis MORICE

35. Gastral apex black, without metallic shine ................................................................ 36

- Gastral apex with metallic shine (in A. sabulosa metallic shine darkened) ............... 44

36. Supra-antennal lamellate projection high (Fig. 19); propodeal enclosure along median line irregularly rugose and covered with erect setae, laterally transversely ridged and glabrous.................................................................................................... 37

- Supra-antennal lamellate projection less developed or absent; propodeal enclosure medially covered with erect setae, laterally glabrous or all covered with erect setae....... 38

37. Scutum distinctly transversely ridged and punctate, in many specimens shiny; stripe along mesopleural suture covered with appressed silvery setae; length 14-21 mm. China, Korea, Mongolia......................................................... A. sickmanni KOHL

- Scutum dull, punctate, punctures partly transversely confluent; mesopleuron without or at most with small spot of appressed silvery setae; most specimens longer: 20-24 mm. Russian Far East (Vladivostok area), Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, India........................................................................ A. vagabunda F. SMITH

38. Episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; claws with small basal tooth (50×, Fig. 7 ) which is evanescent in some specimens; clypeal lobe in most specimens steplike near free margin; apex of petiole closer to sternum II than to fore end of tergum I; midtibia concave posterodorsally............................................................................... 39

- Episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; claws nondentate; clypeus not steplike; apex of petiole closer to fore end of tergum I than to sternum II; midtibia not concave posterodorsally.................................................................... 40

39. Petiole not thickened, longer than hindtarsomere I (1: 1.3); anterior surface of pronotal collar nearly rectangular in lateral view ( Fig. 148 ). 14-22 mm. Central Europe (partly), Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Central Asia ..................................................... A. hungarica MOCSÁRY

- Petiole thickened, as long as hindtarsomere I ( Fig. 197 ); anterior surface of pronotal collar more oblique in lateral view (fig. 149). 19 mm. Spain.......................... ........................................................................................................ A. leclercqi MENKE

40. Petiole red .................................................................................................................. 41

- Petiole black .............................................................................................................. 42

41. Free margin of clypeus arcuate, without distinct median lobeor lateral teeth ( Fig. 56 ); erect setae black. 23 mm. India (Himalaya). (In specimens from China see also A. menghaiana LI & YANG 1989 ).................................... A. brevipennis BINGHAM

- Free margin of clypeus with distinct median lobe, lateral teeth distinctly developed ( Fig. 58 ); erect setae silvery-white. (13) 17-18 mm. Egypt, Israel...................................... ..................................................................................................... A. mitlaensis ALFIERI

42. Scutum shiny or slightly dull, densely, coarsely punctate (punctures 0-1 diameter apart); mesopleuron punctate like scutum. 20.5-22.5 mm. Iran, Nepal, Tibet, India (Himalaya), Pakistan.................................................................... A. punctata F. SMITH

- Scutum shiny, punctate and laterally distinctly transversely striate or dull and finely transversely striate; mesopleuron reticulate or punctato-rugos........................ 43

43. Pronotal collar dorsally smooth and shiny; scutum shiny, coarsely punctate and laterally transversely striate. 16.5-20 mm. Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Afghanistan....................................................................................... A. assimilis KOHL

- Pronotal collar dull; scutum dull and finely transversely striate. 15-19 mm. Spain, Portugal, France (Pyrénées-Orientales) ...................................... A. modesta MOCSÁRY

44. Propodeal enclosure all covered with erect setae; patch of appressed silvery setae on mesopleuron; supra-antennal lamellate projection less developed, less than diameter of midocellus (Fig. 20); 14-24.5 mm. Europe, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, Mongolia. (In specimens from China see also A. xinjiangana LI & YANG 1989 ).. ............................................................................................... A. sabulosa (LINNAEUS)

- Propodeal enclosure medially covered with erect setae, laterally glabrous or all covered with setae; supra-antennal lamellate projection more or less high, more than diameter of midocellus; mesopleuron with or without appressed silvery setae.. 45

45. Clypeus and frons not covered with appressed silvery setae, also mesopleuron in most specimens without appressed setae ................................................................... 46

- Clypeus, frons and mesopleuron covered with appressed silvery setae ..................... 47

46. Scutum and mesopleuron smooth, finely and more or less regularly punctate, punctures well defined, not confluent, more than one diameter apart. 20.5-27 mm. Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), China, Japan, Korea.............. A. infesta F. SMITH

- Scutum and mesopleuron rugose, coarsely punctate, punctures partly confluent. 20-24 mm. Russian Far East (Vladivostok area), Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, India......................................................................................... A. vagabunda F. SMITH

47. Mandible black; scutum medially irregularly coarsely punctate (punctures 0-1 diameter apart), laterally finely transversely striate. 19-22.5 mm. Taiwan, India.......... ................................................................................................. A. formosensis TSUNEKI

- Mandible red (except apex); scutum coarsely punctate, punctures transversely confluent, forming short transverse rugae. 23 mm. Morocco, Algeria........................... ................................................................................................... A. touareg Ed. ANDRÉ

48. Mesothoracic venter anteriorly prominent, concave for reception of forecoxa, depression margined by carina that in some specimens forms one projection on each side; pronotum elongate; episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe or extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron ............................................................49

- Mesothoracic venter anteriorly not prominent; pronotum elongate or not; episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe ................................................................................. 54

49. Legs black; mesothoracic venter anteriorly with transverse carina that forms one projection on each side or not; episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron................................................................................................................... 50

- Legs at least partly red; mesothoracic venter anteriorly with transverse carina that forms one projection on each side; episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe or extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron ............................................................51

50. Mesothoracic venter distinctly prominent anteriorly, with transverse carina that forms one projection on each side. 15.5-18.5 mm. China, Mongolia............................. .................................................................................................... A. sinensis SICKMANN

- Mesothoracic venter slightly prominent anteriorly, without projections but with transverse carina. 23 mm. Kazakhstan, Russia (Primorskiy Kray), Turkey. (In specimens from Spain see also A. striata nadigi ROTH 1932 . In specimens from China see also A. untumoris YANG & LI 1989 ).............................. A. striata MOCSÁRY

51. Propodeal enclosure all covered with appressed silvery setae and longitudinally ridged......................................................................................................................... 52

- Propodeal enclosure covered with appressed silvery setae along midline, laterally coarsely transversely ridged and glabrous ................................................................. 53

52. Clypeus not elongate ( Fig. 48 ), clypeal disk nearly flat ( Fig. 95 ); pronotal collar and scutum covered with sparse appressed silvery setae that do not obscure underlying sculpture; pronotal collar convex in lateral view ( Figs 143 , 160 ). 16- 19 mm. North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Syria, Israel, Central Asia, China, India...................................................................... A. gracillima TASCHENBERG

- Clypeus slightly elongate ( Fig. 53 ), clypeal disk distinctly convex ( Fig. 109 ); head (except vertex), thorax and propodeum (including propodeal enclosure) covered with dense appressed silvery setae that obscure most of underlying sculpture; pronotal collar concave in lateral view ( Fig. 144 ). 16-20 mm. Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan................................................. A. tekkensis GUSSAKOVSKIJ

53. Pronotal collar with wide triangular antero-median concavity that intersects anterior transverse carina ( Fig. 131 ); episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; clypeus slightly elongate ( Fig. 66 ). 20-25.5 mm. East Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia. (In specimens from China see also untumoris YANG & LI 1989 )..................................................................... A. elongata FISCHER DE WALDHEIM

- Pronotal collar without anterior concavity, anterior transverse carina not intersected ( Fig. 132 ); episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; clypeus not elongate ( Fig. 67 ). 18-21 mm. Israel, Jordan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia................................ A. occipitalis F. MORAWITZ

54. Legs black; arolia large; clypeus characteristically shaped (Figs 23, 16). 20- 21 mm. Uzbekistan............................................................... A. ohli DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

- Legs partly red; arolia small or absent; clypeus differently shaped ........................... 55

55. Free margin of clypeus with erected tooth on each side ( Fig. 68 ), clypeal disk flat ( Fig. 97 ); arolia small but distinct. 18 mm. Israel.......................................................... ............................................................................... A. schmideggeri DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

- Freemargin of clypeus without erected tooth on each side, clypeal disk flat or convex; arolia lacking................................................................................................ 56

56. Gastral apex black, without metallic shine but with dark ferruginous tip; top of head, pronotum and scutum with stiff black bristles ( Fig. 164 ). 21-26 mm. Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia........................................................................ A. punti GUICHARD

- Gastral apex with more or less developed metallic shine; erect setae different ......... 57

57. Head, thorax, flagellum and legs variably red, also gaster to varying extent, in most specimens only petiole red; wings slightly yellowish; gaster with slight metallic shine. 16.5-21.5 mm. Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Chad........................ A. haimatosoma KOHL

- Head, pronotum and scutum black, in some specimens clypeus and scutum partly red; wings distinctly yellowish-brown; gaster metallic black. 19-32 mm. Australia, Indonesia, Laos, China, Japan, India, Nepal. (In specimens from China see also A. globifrontalis LI & YANG 1995 ) ................................................. A. clavus (FABRICIUS)

58. Third submarginal cell not petiolate, at most triangular; gastral apex in most species with metallic shine; legs black....................................................................... 59

- Third submarginal cell petiolate ( Fig. 13 ), in some specimens triangular; gastral apex without metallic shine; legs black or red ........................................................... 67

59. Pronotal collar dorsally transversely striate and scutum transversely finely striate or coarsely ridged ...................................................................................................... 60

- Pronotal collar dorsally not transversely striate, scutum striate or not....................... 64

60. Episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; clypeus elongate and medially narrowly, deeply emarginate ( Fig. 74 ); clypeal disk ventrally concave, dorsally convex ( Fig. 99 ). 19-20 mm. Nothern Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China.................................................................................................. A. adelpha KOHL

- Episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; clypeus differently shaped ........................................................................................................................ 61

61. Supra-antennal lamellate projection well developed; petiole red. 15-24 mm. Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco.......................................................... A. electa KOHL

- Supra-antennal lamellate projection absent; petiole red or black............................... 62

62. Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally with patch of appressed silvery setae; petiole red or black .................................................................................................... 63

- Mesopleuron and propodeum laterally without appressed silvery setae; petiole dorsally dark reddish-brown. 17-21 mm. China, Kazakhstan............................................ .......................................................................................... A. terminata turkestana KOHL

63. Pronotal collar and scutum coarsely ridged ( Fig. 167 ); petiole red; free margin of clypeus medially emarginate ( Fig. 72 ). 16-22 mm. Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan.... ............................................................................. A. gussakovskii DOLLFUSS nom.nov.

- Pronotal collar and scutum finely striate ( Fig. 168 ); petiole black; free margin of clypeus not emarginate. 14-18.5 mm. Western, central and southern Europe, Turkey, Algeria, Tunisia, Canary Islands, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia. (In China see also A. rubigegen LI & YANG 1990 ) ............... A. terminata F. SMITH

64. Episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; clypeus elongate, medially narrowly, deeply emarginate ( Fig. 74 ); clypeal disk ventrally concave, dorsally convex ( Fig. 99 ). 19-20 mm. Northern Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China................ ........................................................................................................... A. adelpha KOHL

- Episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; clypeus differently shaped ........................................................................................................................ 65

65. Appressed silvery (mostly brassy) setae forming characteristic pattern: on frons lateral spots on each side of midline, spot on pronotal lobe, band along mesopleural suture, patch on propodeum posterolaterally, and dorsal patch on mid- and hindcoxae; pronotal collar and scutum covered with fine brassy appressed setae, that do not obscure underlying sculpture; foreleg and posterior surface of head ventrally covered with long black erect setae; clypeal disk distinctly convex; scutum and mesothoracic venter distinctly transversely ridged. 17-22 mm. Turkey, Russia (Volgograd area), Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan......................................... ........................................................................................................ A. sareptana KOHL

- Appressed silvery setae forming different pattern; other characters different............ 66

66. Head (except vertex), thorax (except metapleuron), propodeum (except propodeal enclosure), coxa and trochanter covered with dense appressed silvery setae that obscure underlying sculpture; scutum medially sparsely punctate, laterally finely transversely striate, admedian line well defined, broad. 13-17 mm. Mongolia.............. ......................................................................................................... A. tsunekii MENKE

- Appressed silvery setae not so dense, not concealing integument; scutum finely transversely striate with small admedian line. 14-18 mm. Western, central and southern Europe, Turkey, Algeria, Tunisia, Canary Islands, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia..................................................... A. terminata F. SMITH

67. Legs partly red. 13 mm. Russia (Siberia)........................... A. cellularis GUSSAKOVSKIJ

- Legs black.................................................................................................................. 68

68. Supra-antennal lamellate projection well develope.................................................... 69

- Supra-antennal lamellate projection absent ............................................................... 70

69. Scutum shiny, distinctly transversely striate and coarsely punctate; mesopleuron without appressed silvery setae. 15.5 mm. Afghanistan (3800m), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan...................................................... A. sarekandana BALTHASAR

- Scutum dull, transversely microstriate and sparsely punctate; mesopleuron with small patch of appressed silvery setae along mesopleural suture. 14.5-16.5 mm. Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia. (In specimens from China see also A. ganquana YANG & LI 1989 )...................................................................... A. deserticola TSUNEKI

70. Head, thorax and propodeum without appressed silvery setae; scutum shiny, transversely striate and punctate; petiole black or red; erect setae on head, prothorax and foreleg black. 16-18 mm. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan................................ ........................................................................................ A. rauschi DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

- At least propodeum posterolaterally covered with appressed silvery setae; other characters different .................................................................................................... 71

71. Pronotal collar dorsally distinctly transversely striate; clypeus, frons, pronotal lobe, mesopleuron and propodeum posterolaterally covered with dense appressed silvery setae. 13 mm. China............................................. A. striaticollis F. MORAWITZ

- Pronotal collar dorsally not distinctly transversely striate; other characters different ... ................................................................................................................................... 72

72. Venter of petiole with long erect setae; propodeal enclosure transversely dull striate, with interspaces in most specimens markedly microsculptured ..................... 73

- Venter of petiole without erect setae, at most short ones basally; propodeal enclosure shiny or dull............................................................................................... 74

73. Frontal setae black; clypeus without or only with traces of appressed silvery setae. 15-19 mm. Europe, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. (In specimens from China see also A. borealis LI & YANG 1990 )................................ A. pubescens CURTIS

- Frontal setae silvery-white; clypeus and frons covered with appressed silvery setae. 17 mm. Afghanistan (Nuristan 2700m), Pakistan (Chitra 3500m)....................... .............................................................................................. A. afghanica BALTHASAR

74. Appressed silvery setae only on propodeum posterolaterally and as dorsal stripe on hindcoxa; in some specimens small spot on mesopleuron and traces of fine appressed silvery setae on clypeus; erect setae on head, prosternum and forecoxa black; scutum shiny, transversely striate and punctate. 13-16.5 mm. Turkey, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia............... A. mongolensis TSUNEKI

- Mesopleuron, pronotal lobe and propodeum posterolaterally with distinct appressed silvery setae, in some specimens fine and sparse, but then scutum dull.......................... 75

75. Scutum shiny, distinctly transversely striate and coarsely punctate; clypeal free margin in most specimens with median lobe delimited laterally by small tooth............ ................................................................................................................................... 76

- Scutum dull and transversely microstriate; clypeal free margin in most specimens without distinct median lobe...................................................................................... 77

76 Petiole red (in some specimens basal half darkened); clypeus and frons covered with dense appressed silvery setae. 15.5-18.5 mm. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan. (In specimens from China see also A. heteroclypeola LI & XUE 1998 ).................................................................................. A. separanda F. MORAWITZ

- Petiole black; clypeus and frons without dense appressed silvery setae, or in some specimens with sparse ones. 17-19 mm. Turkey............. A. haladai DOLLFUSS nov. sp.

77. Clypeus, frons, pronotal lobe, large patch on mesopleuron and propodeum posterolaterally covered with dense appressed silvery setae, remaning areas of thorax pruinose; propodeal enclosure dull, obliquely striate. 14-15 mm. Mongolia...... ....................................................................................................... A. asiatica TSUNEKI

- Pronotal lobe, small patch on mesopleuron and propodeum posterolaterally covered with appressed silvery setae, in some specimens clypeus and frons covered with traces of short appressed silvery setae; propodeal enclosure shiny, obliquely striate. 12-16 mm. Europe, Central and East Asia. (In China see also A. clypeola LI & YANG 1990 ) .................................................... A. campestris LATREILLE

78. Submarginal cell III petiolate ( Fig. 13 ); propodeal enclosure glabrous. 20 mm. China....................................................................................... A. nigrina F. MORAWITZ

- Submarginal cell III not petiolate; propodeal enclosure glabrous or covered with erect setae .................................................................................................................. 79

79. Gastral apex black, without metallic shine; supra-antennal lamellate projection high (Fig. 19); wings black-violet shiny; propodeal enclosure medially covered with erect setae; pronotal collar punctate. 19-23 mm. Mongolia, China, Korea............. ..................................................................................... A. sickmanni KOHL , black form

- Gastral apex black, with metallic shine; supra-antennal lamellate projection low; wings brown; propodeal enclosure glabrous; pronotal collar finely transversely striate. 15-19.5 mm. Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Jordan........... A. honorei ALFIERI

80. Legs black; propodeal enclosure all glabrous; mesothoracic venter not prominent; appressed silvery setae on clypeus and frons and/or on pronotal lobe and propodeum posterolaterally; posterior margin of forecoxa without spine. 15.5-19 mm. Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.......... A. barbara (LEPELETIER)

- Legs partly red; propodeal enclosure medially pruinose, laterally glabrous; mesothoracic venter prominent, with transverse carina that forms one small projection on each side; clypeus and frons covered with dense appressed silvery setae; head (except vertex), thorax and propodeum laterally pruinose; posterior margin of forecoxa with small spine (difficult to see). 13-18 mm. Israel, Jordan, Syria, Iran, Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Algeria, Morocco. (Note: some specimens of A. gracillima and A. heydeni in which 1 r-m crossvein is lost run to here).................... ....................................................................................................... A. theryi (GRIBODO)

Figures

Figs 11-17: (11) A. sabulosa: forewing; (12) A. barbara: forewing; (13) A. campestris: forewing; (14) A. guichardi: foretarsomeres; (15) A. zimmermannae: clypeus lateral; (16) A. ohli: clypeus lateral; (17) A. guichardi: clypeus.

Figs 172-182: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 110-121: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 122-130: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 138-148: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 26-35: clypeus of female.

Figs 85-109: clypeus of female in lateral view.

Figs 36-43: clypeus of female.

Figs 620-641: (620-630) A. pulawskii: male: (620) clypeus in frontal view, (621) cypeus in lateral view, (622) pronotal collar in dorsal view, (623) pronotal collar in lateral view, (624) submarginal cells, (625) gonostyle in lateral view, (626) volsella in ventral view, (627) volsella in oblique ventral view, (628) cuspis of volsella, (629) penis valve in ventral view, (630) penis valve in lateral view (TSUNEKI 1971: 175); A. iliensis: (631) female head in frontal view, (632) female flagellomeres, (633) pronotal collar of female in dorsal view, (634) pronotal collar of female in lateral view, (635) male head in frontal view, (636) apex of flagellum, (637) gonostyle in lateral view, (638) penis valve in ventral view, (639) volsella, (640) cuspis of volsella, (641) penis valve in lateral view (KAZENAS 1978: 662).

Figs 44-54: clypeus of female.

Figs 183-194: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 1-10: (1) Eremnophila and (2) Ammophila: lateral view of anterior half of thorax (es = episternal sulcus); (3) Podalonia: gastral segments I-II lateral and ventral; (4) Ammophila: gastral segments I-II lateral and ventral; (5) Parapsammophila and (6) Eremochares: posterior view of petiole socket, hindcoxa, and propodeal sternite (solid black); (7) lateral view of hindtarsal claw with basal tooth; (8) Hoplammophila: male genitalia; (9) Parapsammophila: foretarsomere I of female; (10) Hoplammophila: foretarsomere I of female; (BOHART & MENKE 1976).

Figs 195-197: (195, 196) pronotal collar of female in lateral view; (197) A. leclercqi: petiole and tergum I in dorsal view.

Figs 55-65: clypeus of female.

Figs 149-160: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 131-137: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 66-73: clypeus of female.

Figs 161-171: pronotal collar of female in lateral view.

Figs 74-84: clypeus of female.