Moranilidae new status, 1993

Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2022, From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94, pp. 13-88 : 13

Moranilidae new status

Moranilini Bouček, 1988. Type genus: Moranila Cameron, 1883.

Tomocerodini Bouček, 1988. Type genus: Tomocerodes Girault, 1916.

Diagnosis.

Antenna with 8 flagellomeres, clava undivided or incompletely divided (Fig. 39 ). Clypeus with transverse subapical groove (Fig. 56b ). Labrum exposed, well-sclerotized, subrectangular with marginal setae in a row. Mandibles with 3 teeth. Subforaminal bridge with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated at least laterally, with axillular sulcus. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron, with pits (Fig. 40 ); mesepimeron not extending over anterior margin of metapleuron; two mesofurcal pits present (Fig. 41 ). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb oblique. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium.

Discussion.

Moranilidae contains two subfamilies: the former tribe Moranilinae new status and Tomocerodinae new placement, new status, based on morphological similarity since molecular data are absent for Tomocerodinae . Moranilidae differ from almost all other Chalcidoidea in having 2 mesofurcal pits instead of the usual single pit, but this feature appears to be homoplastic within Chalcidoidea . Indeed, some Eurytominae ( Eurytomidae ) ( Krogmann and Vilhelmsen 2006) as well as Smicromorphinae and some Haltichellinae (G. Delvare comm. pers) also have two mesofurcal pits but differ from Moranilidae in many ways, including a different basitarsal comb and subforaminal bridge. These families are not easily confused with one another due to the very different habitus of the much more strongly sclerotized Eurytominae and Chalcididae .

Herbertiidae , Asaphesinae , and Enoggerinae new subfamily also share 2 mesofurcal pits with Moranilidae . Herbertiidae differ in lacking an axillular sulcus. Asaphesinae have 12 antennal flagellomeres instead of the maximum of 8 in Moranilidae . Enoggerinae lack a temple on the head, thus having the posterior margin of the eye coincident with that of the head dorsally. Micradelinae also resemble Moranilidae , but have only 1 mesofurcal pit instead of 2, and lack pits on the mesopleural area.

Tomocerodinae differ from Moranilinae in features discussed by Bouček (1988), most noticeably in the much shorter Gt1, which is the longest tergum in Moranilinae but is much shorter than Gt2 in Tomocerodes .

Figures

Figures 37 - 42. 37 Encyrtocephalus sp. (Melanosomellidae): propodeum and supracoxal flange 38 Hansonita pertusae Boucek (Melanosomellidae): venation 39 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): antenna 40 Moranila viridivertex (Girault) (Moranilidae): mesosoma lateral view 41 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): mesosoma ventral view 42 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head lateral view and antenna.

Figures 55 - 60. 55 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): mesosoma and base of metasoma dorsal view 56 a, 57 Systasis sp. (Systasidae) 56 a apex of clypeus without subapical groove 57 mesosoma ventral, mesotrochantinal plate and mesofurcal pit 58 Trisecodes africanum Gumovsky (Pirenidae, Trisecodinae): antenna 56 b, 59 Asaphes sp. (Asaphesinae, incertae sedis) 56 b clypeal subapical groove 59 mesosoma ventral 60 Austrosystasis atricorpus Girault (Austrosystasinae, incertae sedis) 60 head frontal view, mesosoma lateral view.