Metaphire californica ( Kinberg, 1867 )

Assis, José Eriberto De, Botelho, José Roberto, Souza, Botelho, Martins, Maria Laís, Vieira, Martins, Souza, João Vitor Nunes De, Rodrigues, Gilberto Gonçalves & Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey, 2017, A catalogue of the Eudrilidae and Megascolecidae (Clitellata: Lumbricina) from South America, with two new records of exotic species from Brazil, Turkish Journal of Zoology 41 (4), pp. 599-614 : 605

9. Metaphire californica ( Kinberg, 1867)

Pheretima californica (part) Kinberg, 1867: 102 [excl. Megascolex indicus Horst, 1883 (= A. corticis - see Easton, 1981: 49)]; Perichaeta ringeana Michaelsen, 1890: 10 ; 1899: 116;? Perichaeta sluiteri Horst, 1890: 234 , figs. 4–5;? Perichaeta sumatrana : Beddard, 1892a: 155, Pl. IX, fig. 4.?non Megascolex sumatranus Horst, 1883: 189 ; Perichaeta hesperidum Beddard, 1892 a: 169; Perichaeta guarini Rosa, 1894: 13 ;? Perichaeta sandvicensis Beddard, 1896: 203 ; Amyntas hesperidum : Beddard, 1900: 417; Pheretima browni Stephenson, 1912: 273 (part excluding sexthecal morphs); Pheretima kiangensis Michaelsen, 1931: 21 ; Pheretima modesta Michaelsen, 1927: 88 . [From Myanmar. Types in Hamburg 10423]; Pheretima molesta Gates, 1932: 420 ; Pheretima sakaguchii Ohfuchi, 1938: 53 , figs. 1–2;? Pheretima sonaiensis Ohfuchi, 1956 ; Pheretima californica : Michaelsen, 1900: 258, 275 (syn. ringeana , guarini , ? hesperidum ).

Metaphire californica Sims and Easton, 1972: 238 ; Easton, 1981: 57 (syn. ? sakaguchii ,? sonaeiensis); Easton, 1982: 731; Sims and Gerard, 1985: 132, fig. 47c (syn. hesperidum ).

Distribution: ARG ( Dulout et al., 1969b, 1969c; Levin et al., 1969; Mischis, 2004): From earth with bougainvillea plant in luggage arriving by plane in New York airport ( Gates, 1982): Cordoba Prov. ( Mischis, 1993): Sierras Chicas (Mischis, 1999); Tucumán Prov. ( Teisaire and Roldán, 1995; Alderete-De-Majo, 2002 a, 2002 b, 2002c, 2003a, 2003b): San Miguel de Tucumán ( Dulout et al., 1969c; Levin et al., 1969); Santa Fé Prov. ( Ljungström et al., 1973): San Tomé ( Righi, 1978); Salta ( Teisaire et al., 2003). PER ( Righi, 1979): From earth around plant in baggage by plane arriving in New Orleans ( Gates, 1982); Huanco Prov: Chogosh ( Michaelsen, 1935; Fragoso and Brown, 2007; Römbke, 2007). VEN ( Drachenberg, 1992). BRA: RS ( Knäpper and Porto, 1979; Krabbe et al., 1993): Estrêla ( Righi and Knäpper, 1965); São Leopoldo; Novo Hamburgo ( Knäpper, 1967); Santa Cruz do Sul; Santana do Livramento; Gramado; Nova Petrópolis. Ivoti; Caxias do Sul; Estância Velha; Sapucaio; Canoas; Lajeado; Tramandaí ( Knäpper, 1972a); SC: Lauro Müller (Brown et al., 2006); PR ( Chang, 1997; Sautter et al., 2006): Curitiba (Brown et al., 2006); SP ( Righi, 1967b; Brown and James, 2006): Piracicaba; São Paulo: Ipiranga ( Lüderwaldt, 1927); RJ: Rio de Janeiro ( Moreira, 1903); MG: Caetanópolis ( Righi, 1980); BA: Salvador ( Righi, 1971) ( Figure 3A ).

Further distribution: Central and North America, Atlantic Oceanic islands, Europe, Africa, Middle East, Asia, Australia, Hawaii, and Marquesas Islands ( Righi, 1979).

Remarks: Blakemore et al. (2012) added this species to the Korean species biodiversity list as an exotic species from Korea. This species is also an exotic species from Brazil ( Fragoso and Brown, 2007).

Figures

Figure 3. Geographical distribution in South America: A) Amynthas rodericensis (circle), Metaphire californica (triangle), Metaphire houlletti (square), Metaphire posthuma (star), and Diplodricodrilus schmardae (square); B) Perionyx excavatus (circle) and Pheretima darnleiensis (triangle); C) Pheretima bicincta (square) (new record from Brazil) and Polypheretima elongata (square); D) Polypheretima taprobanae (square) and Pontodrilus litoralis (circle) from South America.