Melanostoma certum, Haarto, Antti & Stahls, Gunilla, 2014

Haarto, Antti & Stahls, Gunilla, 2014, When mtDNA COI is misleading: congruent signal of ITS 2 molecular marker and morphology for North European Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Diptera, Syrphidae), ZooKeys 431, pp. 93-134 : 101-104

Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Syrphidae

Melanostoma certum sp. n. Figs 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 12C, 14B, 15B, 16B

Melanstoma dubium auctt. nec Zetterstedt, 1838

Type-locality.

FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö, Annjaloanji, [69°10'9"N, 21°25'22"E], ykj76865:2790.

Types.

Holotype: male, pinned, deposited in MZH. Original labels: 'Finland, [69°10'9"N, 21°25'22"E], ykj76865:2790, Le: Enontekiö, Annjaloanji, 13.7.2007, A. Haarto leg. / DNA voucher specimen MZH_Y643, G. Ståhls, FMNH, Helsinki, Finland / Holotype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013'. Paratypes: 1 male, FINLAND: EnL: Enontekiö Korkea Jehkas lampi, [69°4'39"N, 20°50'58"E], ykj76785:2553, 20.7.2005, K. Mattila leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [AHPC]; 1 male, FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki Pulmanki, [70°2'26"N, 27°53'53"E], ykj 77739:5344, 5.7.2004, J. Kahanpää leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [MZT]; 1 female, FINLAND: Li: Utsjoki, Karigasniemi, Ailigas, [69°24'51"N, 25°58'45"E], ykj77041:4601, 6.VII.2004, J. Kahanpää leg. / Melanostoma dubium A. Haarto det. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [MZH]; 1 female, FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Annjaloanji, [69°10'9"N, 21°25'39"E], ykj76865:2790, 13.7.2007 (puro), A. Haarto leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [AHPC]; 1 female, FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Jogasjärvi, [69°9'58"N, 21°27'50"E], ykj76860:2806, 11-16.7.2007, malaise, R. Jussila leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [MZT]; 1 female FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Bumbovarri, [69°11'N 21 29'E], ykj7686:328, 9.7.2007, J.-P. Kaitila & M. Rantala leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [SKPC]; 1 female FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Annjaloanji, [69°10'N, 21°26'E], ykj7686:328, 12.7.2007, J.-P. Kaitila & M. Rantala leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [SKPC]; 1 female FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Toskaljoki, [69°10'34"N, 21°27'34"E], ykj76871:328, 12.7.2008, J.-P. Kaitila & M. Rantala leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [SKPC]; 1 male FINLAND: Le: Enontekiö Toskaljoki, [69°10'34''N, 21°27'34''E], 76871:328, 11.7.2008, J.-P. Kaitila & M. Rantala leg. / Paratype Melanostoma certum Haarto & Ståhls 2013', [SKPC]; and six DNA voucher paratype specimens in MZH as listed in Table 1.

Male.

Head: Colour greyish black. Angle of approximation of eyes 85°-100°. Eye contiguity about as long as frontal triangle. Ocellar triangle slightly longer than wide with dark pile and indistinctly grey dusted. Occiput very narrow and usually with pale pile. Frontal triangle with indistinct or thin grey dusting. Lateral parts of frontal triangle with dark pile. Face shining with indistinct or thin grey dusting. Lateral parts of face with dark and pale pile. Gena about as wide as basoflagellomere and with greyish dusting. Antenna dark brown. Basoflagellomere about 1.3 times as long as wide. Arista brown and almost twice as long as basoflagellomere. Arista with extremely short pile, longest pile at the most half width of arista at base (Fig. 4B).

Thorax: Scutum shining greyish black except for thin greyish dusting at anterior margin. Scutum with erect whitish pile and with shorter semi-adpressed whitish pile on anterior margin. Anterior part of scutum with long erect pile which length at least third of length of scutellum. Postpronotum totally covered by thin greyish dusting. Notopleuron with thin greyish dusting. Scutellum shining greyish black, with whitish erect pile at its dorsum, hind margin and ventral side. Pleura greyish black with thin greyish dusting. Pleura with pale erect pile. Calypter brownish with pale brownish pile at edge. Halter yellow, with slightly darkened base of stem. Wing: Completely microtrichose, with slightly brownish ting. Stigma yellowish brown.

Legs: Coxa black with grey dusting. Trochanter dark brown. Femur usually mainly black except narrowly yellow apically. Tibia usually mainly dark brown except narrowly yellow bases and apices. Tarsus usually dark brown. Leg with pale and dark pile mixed.

Abdomen: Terga dark brown or black with dense or weak brownish dusting. Tergum 2 without or with pair of yellow roundish maculae. Terga 3 and 4 with pair of yellow subrectangular maculae. Terga 1 and 2 laterally with long whitish pile. Terga with pale and usually some dark semi-adpressed pile outside of yellow maculae. Only pale pile on yellow maculae. Terga 2, 3 and 4, each about 1.2 times as long as its width. Sterna weakly dusted and with pale semi-adpressed pile. Sternum 2 about 1.4 times as long as wide at its posterior margin. Sternum 3 about 1.3 times as long as wide at its anterior margin. Sternum 4 about 1.3 times as long as wide at its anterior margin. Shape of sterna 2-4 is shown in Fig. 5B. Male genitalia: Cercus and surstylus as in Fig. 6B. Postgonite short and without distinct ridges laterally (Figs 7B, 8B). Postgonite ventrally as in Fig. 9B. Margin of hypandrium near postgonites with short triangular projections, index DL more than 2.2 (Figs 10B, 11B).

Female.

Similar to male, but differs as follows:

Head: Frons shining except greyish dusted triangles which usually are medially confluent. Ventral to the dusted triangles the thinly dusted area is usually reaching the lateral area of lunule. Frons at level of front ocellus slightly narrower than length of antenna. Dorsal part of frons with dark pile and ventral part of frons with pale pile. Occiput as broad as two diameters of an ocellus and usually with pale pile.

Thorax: Scutum and scutellum with short pale pile. Calypter pale brownish with whitish pile at edge.

Legs: Coloration similar to male.

Abdomen: Terga 1 and 2 laterally with long whitish pile. Terga 2-5 dorsally with whitish semi-adpressed pile and always without yellow maculae. Terga 2 and 3 each about 0.5 times as long as wide at its posterior margin. Tergum 4 about 0.6 times as long as wide at its posterior margin. Sternum 2 about 0.6 times as long as wide at its posterior margin. Sternum 3 about 0.6 times as long as wide at its anterior margin. Sternum 4 at least 0.7 times as long as wide at its anterior margin. Sterna 3 and 4 almost parallel sided, rarely slightly broadened towards posterior margins. Shape of sterna 2-4 is shown in Fig. 12B, C.

Length

(4 males and 6 females): Body 5-7 mm.

Distribution.

All verified specimens originate from North European localities north of 68°N, and almost all specimens are sampled at or above the tree line.

Etymology.

The word certum means clear, defined, and is to be treated as adjective in neutrum.