Hebeloma velutipes Bruchet; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 39(6(Suppl.)): 127, 1970.

Eberhardt, Ursula, Beker, Henry J., Borgen, Torbjorn, Knudsen, Henning, Schuetz, Nicole & Elborne, Steen A., 2021, A survey of Hebeloma (Hymenogastraceae) in Greenland, MycoKeys 79, pp. 17-118 : 17

Hebeloma velutipes Bruchet; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 39(6(Suppl.)): 127, 1970. Fig. 34

Macroscopic description.

Cap 1.6-8.2 cm in diameter, convex to umbonate, margin often involute when young, sometimes crenulate, occasionally upturned and wavy with age, tacky when moist, occasionally spotted, not hygrophanous, unicolored or variably bicolored, at center whitish to cream or buff to ochraceous or more rarely dark olive buff or yellowish brown or brownish olive, at margin white to cream or buff, without remains of veil. Lamellae clay brown, adnate to emarginate, occasionally with decurrent tooth, maximum depth 2-9 mm, number of lamellae {L} 50-78, droplets visible, occasionally only visible with × 10 lens, rarely absent, white fimbriate edge present, sometimes very distinct. Stem 0.5-10.4 × 0.3-1.6 {median} × 0.4-2.7 {base} cm, stem Q (0.6-)2.5-12.1(-14.4), whitish, base usually clavate to bulbous, sometimes cylindrical, usually velutinate, often pruinose or floccose at least on the upper half. Context firm, stem interior stuffed, later hollow, often with superior wick, occasionally with basal wick, flesh generally not discoloring from base. Smell usually raphanoid, sometimes earthy. Taste usually bitter and raphanoid. Spore deposit brownish olive to umber.

Microscopic description.

Spores amygdaloid, occasionally limoniform, variably papillate, but usually at most weakly, on ave. 9-13 × 5.5-7.5 µm, Q = 1.5-1.9, yellow through yellow brown to brown, usually guttulate, almost smooth to very weakly ornamented (O1O2 (O3)), perispore not or somewhat loosening (P0P1), rather strongly dextrinoid ((D2) D3 (D4)). Basidia 24-38(-43) × 6-10 µm, ave. Q = (3-)3.5-4.9, mostly four-spored. Cheilocystidia slenderly clavate, some clavate-lageniform, cylindrical or ventricose, more rarely clavate-stipitate, occasionally characteristically bifurcate, geniculate or septate (sometimes clamped), on ave. 43-73 × 6.5-9 (apex) × 4-6 (middle) × 4-7 (base) µm, ratios A/M = 1.31-1.73, A/B = 1.07-1.73, B/M = 0.86-1.34. Epicutis an ixocutis, 80-200 µm thick (measured from exsiccata), maximum hyphae width 4-8 µm, sometimes encrusted, trama elements beneath subcutis cylindrical, ellipsoid, isodiametric, sausage-shaped up to 12 µm wide. Caulocystidia similar to cheilocystidia, but more irregular, up to 200 µm long.

Collections examined.

S-Greenland: Paamiut, 62.01°N, 49.4°W, 19 Aug 1998, T. Borgen (TB98.158, C-F-103512), 75 m, with Salix glauca in tundra. W-Greenland: Kangerlussuaq near the Ice cap, 67.10°N, 50.23°W, 12 Aug 2000, A-M. Larsen, T. Borgen (TB00.073, C-F-103519), 220 m, with Salix glauca in copse. Kangerlussuaq, airport area, 67.04°N, 50.41°W, 10 Aug 1986, T. Borgen (TB86.179, C-F-103557), 30 m, with Salix glauca and Betula nana . Kangerlussuaq, Ringsødalen, Kellyville, 66.99°N, 50.95°W, 14 Aug 2000, S.A. Elborne (SAE-2000.041-GR, C-F-108492), 180 m, at lakeside. Kangerlussuaq, Sandflugtsdalen, c. 15 km E of of the airport, 67.07°N, 50.46°W, 8 Aug 2016, T. Borgen (TB16.087, C-F-103582), 200 m, with Salix glauca and Sphagnum in scrubland. Kangerlussuaq, Store Saltsø, 66.99°N, 50.59°W, 15 Aug 2000, S.A. Elborne (SAE-2000.051-GR, C-F-108502), 260 m, with Betula nana in heathland. N-Greenland: Zackenberg, Aucellabjerg, at Kærelv, 74.5°N, 21°W, 14 Aug 1999, T. Borgen (TB99.336, C-F-119749), 100 m, with Dryas sp. and Salix arctica in scrubland. Zackenberg, W of Kærelv, 74.5°N, 21°W, 13 Aug 1999, T. Borgen (TB99.309, C-F-119754), 40 m, with Dryas sp. in scrubland. E-Greenland: Jameson Land, Nerlerit Inaat/Constable Pynt, delta of Gåseelv valley, 70.76°N, 22.65°W, 9 Aug 2017, H. Knudsen (HK17.186, C-F-105090), 40 m. Jameson Land, Nerlerit Inaat/Constable Pynt, delta of Gåseelv valley, 70.76°N, 22.66°W, 6 Aug 2017, S.A. Elborne (SAE-2017.110-GR, C-F-106762), 65 m, with Dryas sp.

Distribution.

Hebeloma velutipes is one of the most common Hebeloma species in Europe and widely distributed all over Europe ( Beker et al. 2016). In Greenland, it is also widespread, but relatively uncommon. From alpine Europe it is known from the Pyrenees, the Alps and Lower Tatra, and from arctic Europe from Svalbard and Iceland ( Beker et al. 2016). Outside Europe and Greenland, it is known from alpine sites in the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Cripps et al. 2019).

Habitat and ecology.

Ten collections, all but one (Paamiut) from calcareous localities. Salix glauca and Dryas are main hosts, one record is with Betula nana . In the Rocky Mountains, H. velutipes is also recorded with Dryas octopetala , Salix glauca and S. reticulata ( Cripps et al. 2019). In Europe numerous hosts are recorded, see Beker et al. (2016).

Hebeloma sect. Naviculospora

Figures

Figure 34. Hebeloma velutipes A SAE- 2017.110, photograph S. A. Elborne B distribution of cited collections C spores x 1600 and D cheilocystidia x 1000 of SAE- 2017.110 in Melzer's reagent. Scale bars: 5 µm; microphotographs H. K. J. Beker.