Phallus species

Li, Ting, Li, Taihui, Deng, Wangqiu, Song, Bin, Deng, Chunying & Yang, Zhu L., 2020, Phallus dongsun and P. lutescens, two new species of Phallaceae (Basidiomycota) from China, Phytotaxa 443 (1), pp. 19-37 : 32-33

Key to Phallus species without an indusium

1 Receptacle granular or rugulose .........................................................................................................................................................2

1 Receptacle reticulate...........................................................................................................................................................................7

2 Basidiomata very small, less than 12 mm high; pseudostipe shorter than 10 mm high; receptacle campanulate, dark; volva olive brown to yellowish white; on rotten wood; type locality in S. America .......................................................................... P. pygmaeus

2 Basidiomata larger than above; pseudostipe higher than 40 mm; on the ground or soil....................................................................3

3 Receptacle and pseudostipe whitish to beige ....................................................................................................................................4

3 Receptacle red to deep red; pseudostipe yellow, reddish to red .........................................................................................................5

4 Basidiospores large, 4–6 × 2.5–3 μm; receptacle narrow campanulate, wrinkled to minutely rugulose, with a finely toothed margin; volva greyish orange; on sandy soil; type locality in S. America ............................................................................. P. campanulatus

4 Basidiospores smaller than above, 3.5–4.5×1.5–2 μm; receptacle globose to campanulate, rugulose; volva yellowish black, discoid plate at base; on the ground; type locality in S. America ............................................................................................... P. glutinolens

5 Pseudostipe with a sheath, usually forming a distinct red annulus; receptacle with margin split; volva white to pink; type locality in Asia.............................................................................................................................................................................. P. taipeiensis

5 Pseudostipe without a sheath; annulus absent or very indistinct........................................................................................................6

6 Receptacle 20–35 mm high; pseudostipe 15–20 mm in diam., pinkish red to pink, pinkish white at base; type locality in America P. rubicundus

6 Receptacle 15–25 mm high; pseudostipe 10–15 mm in diam., reddish orange, yellowish white at base; type locality in Asia.......... .......................................................................................................................................................................................... P. rugulosus

7 Pseudostipe with about 100 pores or holes 10–20 mm in diam., quite bulky, up to 250 mm high and 80 mm thick, pinkish white to pinkish; type locality in Asia ......................................................................................................................................... P. formosanus

7 Pseudostipe without holes, much smaller than above ........................................................................................................................8

8 Receptacle white to yellow or sulphur yellow ...................................................................................................................................9

8 Receptacle pink to reddish orange....................................................................................................................................................19

9 Volva pale red or reddish to purple; receptacle white; pseudostipe white........................................................................................10

9 Volva white to yellow or brown .......................................................................................................................................................11

10 Basidiospores 6–7.6 × 4–4.7 μm; volva pale red; type locality in Asia ...................................................................... P. macrosporus

10 Basidiospores 3–5 × 1–2 μm; volva reddish to purple; type locality in N. America ......................................................... P. hadriani

11 Pseudostipe shorter than 70 mm, thinner than 10 mm .....................................................................................................................12

11 Pseudostipe higher and thicker than above ......................................................................................................................................15

12 Volva white to pale yellow; on the ground; type locality in Asia.................................................................................. P. tenuissimus

12 Volva brown......................................................................................................................................................................................13

13 Receptacle sulphur yellow to orange; pseudostipe yellow to sulphureous; basidiospores 3.6–4 × 1.1–1.5 μm; on the ground; type locality in Asia................................................................................................................................................................ P. sulphureus

13 Receptacle whitish to dull yellow to yellowish grey; pseudostipe white to whitish; on rotten wood or lignicolous; type locality in Africa................................................................................................................................................................................................14

14 Pseudostipe deeply reticulate-lacunose, 20–46 × 2–5 mm, whitish; basidiospores 3.2–4.0 × 1.2–1.8 μm; on sides of fallen trees ... ............................................................................................................................................................................................ P. drewesii

14 Pseudostipe without deep reticulation, 25–33 × 1–3 mm, white; basidiospores 2–3 × 1–1.5 μm; on rotten wood............................. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ P. minusculus

15 Basidiomata with odour of Syringa vulgaris ; receptacle white; basidiospores 2.5–3.7 × 0.8–1.7 μm; type locality in Asia.............. ............................................................................................................................................................................................ P. fragrans

15 Basidiomate without odour of S. vulgaris ; receptacle white or yellow; basidiospores often broader than above; type locality in Asia or Europe ..........................................................................................................................................................................................16

16 Receptacle white...............................................................................................................................................................................17

16 Receptacle yellow.............................................................................................................................................................................18

17 Receptacle with deeper ridges, depth up to 8 mm, white; basidiospores 3.5–4.4 × 1.8–2.3 μm, with length/width ratio of 1.88 ± 0.12; type locality in Asia.................................................................................................................................................. P. dongsun

17 Receptacle with shallower reticulations, white; basidiospores 4.4–4.7 × 1.5–1.8 μm, with length/width ratio of 2.54 ± 0.29; type locality in Europe ............................................................................................................................................................ P. impudicus

18 Receptacle larger than 60 mm; pseudostipe pink; basidiospores 3.5–5.2 × 1.3–1.5 μm; type locality in Asia ................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... P. megacephalus

18 Receptacle less than 30 mm large; pseudostipe yellow; basidiospores 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.7μm,; type locality in Asia ............................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................ P. tenuis

19 Pseudostipe up to 30 mm in diam., whitish to pinkish; volva white; on the ground; type locality in S. Asia ..................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................ P. calongei

19 Pseudostipe less than 5 mm in diam., white to pale orange; volva brown; on rotten wood or trunk in montane froests; type locality in E. Asia or S.- E. Asia .....................................................................................................................................................................20

20 Basidiomata 40–70 mm high; receptacle pinkish; pseudostipe white; volva brownish grey to dark brown; basidiospores 3.5– 4×1.5–2 μm; type locality at alt. 1377 m in S.- E. Asia .................................................................................................... P. coronatus

20 Basidiomata 94–142 mm high; receptacle reddish orange; pseudostipe white to pale orange; volva light brown; basidiospores 3.5–5×1.5–2 μm; type locality at alt. 1600 m in E. Asia near S.- E. Asia................................................................. P. mengsongensis