Goeldia Keyserling, 1891

Almeida-Silva, Lina M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2024, Unraveling the mysteries of Goeldia Keyserling, 1891: revision, description of seven new species and first record from USA (Araneae: Titanoecidae), Zootaxa 5428 (2), pp. 151-193 : 154-155

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E438D8DA-B142-4A0C-BA25-F6B6EC45C197
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10850400
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B86D8799-FF80-FFE2-8CDD-FC72FEBB75AD
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Goeldia Keyserling, 1891
status

Treatment

Genus Goeldia Keyserling, 1891 View in CoL View at ENA

Goeldia Keyserling, 1891:45 View in CoL , pl. 1, fig. 15. Type species by original designation: G. obscura Keyserling, 1891 View in CoL (= G. leechi Almeida-Silva & Brescovit nomen novum).

Calleva Simon, 1892: 239 . Type species by original designation: C. paupercula Simon, 1892 (= Goeldia luteipes ( Keyserling, 1891)) View in CoL ; Lehtinen 1967: 236 (Syn.).

Temecula O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896:170 . Type species by original designation: T. mexicana O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 (= Goeldia mexicana Leech, 1972 View in CoL ); Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958: 6; Lehtinen 1967: 236, fig. 438 (Syn.).

Aymarella Chamberlin, 1916: 209 , pl. 9, figs 1–5. Type species by original designation: A. munda Chamberlin, 1916 View in CoL (= Goeldia funesta Keyserling, 1883 View in CoL ); Lehtinen 1967: 236, figs 422, 439, 442 (Syn.).

Diagnosis. Species of Goeldia differ from other Titanoecidae except Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 by the presence of a conical, prolateral patellar apophysis on the male palp ( Figs 3B–C View FIGURE 3 ; 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ; 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : B–C; 22E). It differs from Anuvinda by the S–shaped prolateral lobe of the DTA ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : C; 22C–E), the entire median lobe of the DTA ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : C; 22D–E) and the presence of a thickening at the end of the pars pendula in the male palp, which will be refered here as the pars pendula thickening ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : D; 22A). The female epigynum in Goeldia is unique when compared to other Titanoecidae by having the median field entire, trapezoidal and with a small rim on the posterior ectal edges and near the copulatory opening area ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : E; 5A). Additionally, part of the copulatory ducts is usually visible by transparency at the copulatory opening area, which is membranous ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : E; 5A) and the spermathecae are divided in multiple, round to elongated chambers ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : F; 5B–D).

Description. Total length (males and females): 3.0–8.20. Carapace with cephalic area higher than thoracic area ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 2E View FIGURE 2 ; 4H View FIGURE 4 ). Fovea longitudinal, reduced to a dark shadow ( Figs 1E View FIGURE 1 ; 4H View FIGURE 4 ). Eyes round, in two straight rows ( Figs 2E View FIGURE 2 ; 4H View FIGURE 4 ). AME smaller than ALE, PLE and PME. Tapetum canoe-shaped median or inner displaced. Chelicerae fang short, with 1/3 of the length of the paturon ( Fig. 2A–B View FIGURE 2 ). Chelicerae promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Chilum when present entire, as wide as the interdistance between the AME. Labium square with apex rounded ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Endite subrectangular ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Serrula in a single row ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ). Sternum with anterior margin straight, laterally rounded, and posterior end pointed between legs IV ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Leg formula variable but leg III always the shortest. Leg spination very variable, especially on tibia and metatarsus I and II. Males with legs slightly longer than females ( Fig. 4I View FIGURE 4 ). Male femora I and II and female femur I with one prolateral, subapical spine. In some males the spine on leg II can be lost. Metatarsi I–IV with an apical, median spine on prolateral and retrolateral faces and with one or two apical, ventral spines. Spines usually absent on the dorsal face of leg segments. Superior tarsal claw with seven to twelve denticles ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ). Third (inferior) claw with accessory teeth ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ). Calamistrum with a single row of setae and covering the whole metatarsus length in females ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ) and absent in males except in Goeldia bagumbubu sp. nov., in which it starts after the basal 1/3 of the metatarsus length. Opisthosoma oval, with coloration uniform in shades of brown or black ( Fig. 2A–D, F View FIGURE 2 ), except in Goeldia zyngierae and G. mirim sp. nov., in which it is maculate with some spots connected as chevron marks at the dorsal end, and in Goeldia portenha sp. nov., in which there is a median dorsal pair of guanine deposits ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). Male without epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ). Cribellum divided, as wide as spinnerets area ( Fig. 6J–L View FIGURE 6 ) in females and vestigial, without spigots in males ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ). ALS with two MAP in females ( Fig. 6F View FIGURE 6 ), and one MAP and one nubbin in males ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ) all encircled in a Pi field ( Fig. 6B, F View FIGURE 6 ); PMS with one mAP, CY and AC spigots in the female ( Fig. 6G View FIGURE 6 ) and male PMS with mAP nubbin and two AC spigots ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ). PLS with a triad of PC spigots, AC and Cy spigots also present in female ( Fig. 6H–I View FIGURE 6 ). Male PLS bearing only AC spigots, PC spigots reduced to nubbin ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ).

Palp: dorsal tibial apophysis (DTA) complex, with an ear-shaped RLT, MLT sclerotized at the base and membranous at the apex and PLT S-shaped ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : C; 22C–E); patellar apophysis with variable length and curvature ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 : B–C; 4A–B; 22E); cymbium with ( Figs 7B View FIGURE 7 ; 13B View FIGURE 13 ; 21B View FIGURE 21 ; 22D View FIGURE 22 ) or without modified setae; median apophysis bifid, with a triangular projection bending over a cylindrical projection, both connected at the base by a membrane ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : B, D; 22A–B); embolus thin except at the base; pars pendula narrow, ending before the tip of the embolus and with well-defined thickening ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 7–21 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : D; 22A).

Epigynum: median field posteriorly projected, slightly depressed at the center, posterior lateral edges elevated and forming rims that, sometimes, cover the copulatory openings almost completely ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : E; 5A); copulatory ducts partially visible through the copulatory opening area ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : E; 5A); copulatory ducts short, slightly sinuous, ending in a divided spermatheca ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : F; 5B–D); spermathecae with multiple chambers, L-shaped. An extra spermathecal lobe (S3) located dorsally to (in front of) the vertical spermathecae with vulva in dorsal view can be observed in G. gauderio ( Fig. 11F View FIGURE 11 ), G. luteipes ( Fig. 14F View FIGURE 14 ) and Goeldia zyngierae ( Fig. 23F View FIGURE 23 ); fertilization ducts short and distally narrowed, bent as an S ( Figs 3 View FIGURE 3 , 9–21 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 , 23 View FIGURE 23 : F).

Natural history. Most of the information was obtained from labels. Specimens were collected in bromeliads, walking on the ground, or hiding under stones or inside cracks in dry soil. Many collections are from areas with anthropic disturbance, such as burnt areas or farm fields.

Composition. Seventeen species: Goeldia leechi Almeida-Silva & Brescovit nomen novum (Type species), G. bagumbubu sp. nov., G. chinipensis Leech, 1972 , G. diva sp. nov., G. funesta ( Keyserling, 1883) reval., G. gauderio sp. nov., G. goytacazes sp. nov., G. guayaquilensis ( Schmidt, 1971) , G. luteipes ( Keyserling, 1891) , G. mexicana (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) , G. mirim sp. nov., G. nigra ( Mello-Leitão, 1917) , G. obscura ( Keyserling, 1878) , G. patellaris ( Simon, 1892) , G. portenha sp. nov., G. utcuyacu sp. nov. and G. zyngierae Almeida-Silva et al., 2009 .

Distribution. Neotropical: from northern Mexico to southern Argentina ( Figs 24–27 View FIGURE 24 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 ). Introduced in Florida ( USA).

Misplaced species. Goeldia tizamina ( Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) is misplaced in Goeldia and will be treated in another publication.