Glyptapanteles davesmithi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles davesmithi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 66 , 67

Female.

Body length 2.42 mm, antenna length 2.63 mm, fore wing length 2.27 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 01-SRNP-6841, DHJPAR0000021; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao ; cloud forest; 1,150 m; 10.92691, -85.46822; 22.v.2001; Harry Ramirez leg.; a row of brown cordwood cocoons on each side of the caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 24.v.2001; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.vi.2001; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 17 (4♀, 1♂) (12♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-6841, DHJPAR0000021; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao , Sendero derrumbe : • 11 (5♀, 4♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); 02-SRNP-23076, DHJPAR0000023; cloud forest; 1,220 m; 10.92918, -85.46426; 08.vii.2002; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white small cocoons forming two rows of cordwood on each side of cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.vii.2002. • 7 (5♀, 1♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 02-SRNP-23078, DHJPAR0000024; same data as for preceding except: scattered small white cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.vii.2002 . • 6 (2♀, 0 ♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 02-SRNP-23079, DHJPAR0001468; same data as for preceding except: small white cocoons separate from each other and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 17.vii.2002 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.vii.2002. • 7 (3♀, 3♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 02-SRNP-9987, DHJPAR0000034; same data as for preceding except: 05.vii.2002; Harry Ramírez leg. ; single row of cordwood cocoons on each side of caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 22.vii.2002.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Orosilito: • 11 (3♀, 2♂) (6♀, 0 ♂); 03-SRNP-37399, DHJPAR0000268; rain forest; 900 m; 10.98332, -85.43623; 11.xii.2003; Calixto Moraga leg. ; each one cocoon width apart in a single row cordwood parallel to the body on each side of the caterpillar, each cocoon at right angles to the long axis of the caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 29.xii.2003; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.i.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Evangelista: • 8 (3♀, 1♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-32121, DHJPAR0045123; rain forest; 660 m; 10.98680, -85.42083; 03.viii.2011; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to larva and leaf substrate and formed on 09.viii.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 13.viii.2011.

Diagnosis.

Vertex in lateral view rounded, anterior furrow of metanotum without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as posterior furrow of metanotum ( Figs 66B, C , 67C ), mesoscutum punctation distinct throughout ( Figs 66B , 67B ), and fore wing with vein 2-1A proximally tubular, distally spectral although sometimes difficult to see, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 66I , 67I ).

Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate. Petiole on T1 parallel-sided in proximal half, then narrowing, completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen ( Figs 66D , 67D, G ). Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 66B, C , 67B, C ). Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 66D , 67D, G ).

Coloration

( Fig. 66A ). General body coloration dark brown except scape, pedicel, labrum, mandibles, glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow; ventro-lateral corners of mesopleuron, epicnemial ridge, dorsal edge of pronotum, distal edge of mesoscutum, and distal half of scutellum reddish brown; first five proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (yellow) than ventrally (brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow with claws brown; hind legs yellow, except coxae, apexes of femora and tibiae, most of basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown with contour darkened, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 mostly brown, but with a small yellow area on distal corners; T4 and beyond brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-4 yellow, medially with a brown spot; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 66A ). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.19:0.05, 0.19:0.05, 0.20:0.05), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.11:0.05: 0.09:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.63, 2.42); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex, with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture, and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.10). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 66 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum convex, punctation distinct throughout, and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum convex and slightly higher than mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum virtually without trace of dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.20, 0.15), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.13, 0.10).

Wings ( Fig. 66I, J ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area, vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 66A, D, F–H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, parallel-sided in proximal half and then narrowing (length 0.33, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.11, length T2 0.11), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.11, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.18, 0.11) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. White or brown oval cocoons with evenly smooth silk fibers. Each cocoon was one width apart, arranged in two rows of cordwood on each side of caterpillar cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Comments.

Both sexes with body slim.

Male

( Fig. 67 A–J ). Similar in coloration and shape to female. As well as female, male has the first five proximal antennal flagellomeres with two colorations: dorsally lighter (yellow) than ventrally (brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides.

Etymology.

David (Dave) R. Smith is interested in the systematics and biology of world sawflies ( Hymenoptera : Symphyta) and parasitoid wasps ( Hymenoptera : Evanioidea, Trigonalyidae ). Currently, he is an emeritus research entomologist at the United States Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture ( USDA), the Systematic Entomology Laboratory ( SEL), Washington, D.C., USA .

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Cacao ( Estación Cacao and Sendero derrumbe ) and Sector Pitilla (Sendero Evangelista and Sendero Orosilito) during May 2001, July 2002, December 2003, and August 2011 at 660 m, 900 m, 1,150 m, and 1,220 m in rain and cloud forests.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Antiblemma leucocyma Hampson ( Erebidae : Eulepidotinae) feeding on Conostegia xalapensis , Miconia brenesii , and Ossaea brenesiior ( Melastomataceae ) and Antiblemma sp. Hübner feeding on Henriettea tuberculosa ( Melastomataceae ). Caterpillars were collected in fourth and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 66. Glyptapanteles davesmithi sp. nov. female 01 - SRNP- 6841 DHJPAR 0000021, 02 - SRNP- 9987 DHJPAR 0000034 A Habitus B, E Mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 3, laterodorsal view F Metasoma, lateral view G, H Genitalia G Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view H Ovipositor detail I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.

Figure 67. Glyptapanteles davesmithi sp. nov. male 01 - SRNP- 6841 DHJPAR 0000021, 02 - SRNP- 9987 DHJPAR 0000034 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsolateral view H Genitalia: parameres, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.