Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875 )
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https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1 |
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lsid:zoobank.org:pub:757F81BB-485C-4959-BD78-7B1172359ACF |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62B3424-2F53-FFF8-2335-1DD40BFDF89B |
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Felipe (2024-07-19 02:32:10, last updated 2024-07-19 09:07:55) |
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scientific name |
Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875 ) |
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Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875) View in CoL
( Figs. 68–74 View Figure 68 View Figure 69 View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 View Figure 73 View Figure 74 )
Buthus minax L. Koch, 1875: 4 ; Simon, 187 9: 99; Pavesi, 1885: 197; Hirst, 1911b: 217; Kraepelin, 1913: 171 (in part); Borelli, 1915: 46 0; Werner, 1916: 80; Lampe, 1918: 191; King, 1925: 80; Borelli, 1929: 297; Borelli, 1931: 218; Moritz & Fischer, 1980: 319.
Buthus (Buthus) minax (? in part): Pocock, 1890a: 126.
Buthus hottentotta minax : Kraepelin, 1899: 22; Tullgren, 1909: 2; Gough & Hirst, 1927: 4; Kraepelin, 1929: 87.
Buthus (Hottentotta) minax : Birula, 1908: 141; Werner, 1911: 185; Birula, 1915a: 123; Birula, 1928: 81; Werner, 1934: 269; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.
Buthus (Hottentota) minax : Simon, 1910: 72; Moriggi, 1941: 86.
Buthus (Hottentota) hottentotta minax : Roewer, 1943: 207.
Buthotus minax : Vachon, 1949: 147 (1952: 233); Vachon & Stockmann, 1968: 118; Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral & Reynders, 1975: 502; Armas, 1986: 16; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1986: 185; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.
Hottentotta minax View in CoL :? Loveridge, 1925: 305; Simard & Watt, 1990: 436; Warburg & Polis, 1990: 229; Kovařík, 2002: 7; Soleglad & Fet, 2003a: 5; Soleglad & Fet, 2003b: 7; Kovařík, 2003: 140; Lourenço, 2004: 216; Kovařík & Whitman, 2005: 106.
Hottentotta (Hottentota) minax View in CoL : Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 141.
Buthotus minax minax : Vachon & Stockmann, 1968: 119.
Buthotus minax typicus : Probst, 1973: 329.
Hottentotta (Hottentota) minax minax : Fet & Lowe, 2000: 141.
Buthus hottentotta minaci : Caporiacco, 1937: 357.
Buthus hottentotta View in CoL (in part): Pavesi, 18 95c: 495; Kraepelin, 1891: 185; Thorell, 1893: 362.
= Buthus isselii Pavesi, 1883: 3 (nomen nudum) (syn. by Pavesi, 1895c: 495).
= Buthus hottentotta tigrinus Caporiacco, 1937: 355 ; Bartolozzi, Vanni & Mascherini, 1987: 29 5; Kovařík & Whitman, 2005: 106 (syn. by Kovařík, 2003: 140).
Buthus (Hottentotta) tigrinus : Moriggi, 1941: 87; Caporiacco, 1947: 231.
Buthotus hottentotta tigrinus : Vachon & Stockmann, 1968: 124; El-Hennawy, 1992: 117.
Buthotus minax tigrinus : Probst, 1973: 329; Lamoral & Reynders, 1975: 503.
Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax tigrinus : Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 142.
Buthotus minax occidentalis Vachon & Stockmann, 1968: 128 ; Vachon, 19 74: 885; Lamoral & Reynders, 1975: 503; Stockmann, 1979: 405; Francke & Sissom, 1984: 12; Dupre & Balliet, 199 7: 5.
Hottentotta minax occidentalis View in CoL : Polis & Sissom, 1990: 197.
Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax occidentalis View in CoL : Kovařík, 1998: 110; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 142.
Hottentotta occidentalis : Lourenço, 2004: 213.
= Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004: 213 . Syn. n.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Egypt, Cairo ; ZMHB.
TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Chad, South of Tibesti, NE Sherda-Zouar (steppe formation), 1♂ 1♀1♀ (im.) (paratypes of Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004 , Figs. 7 3–74 View Figures 5–8 View Figures 1–4 View Figures 9–12 View Figures 13–16 View Figures 17–20 View Figure 21 View Figure 22 View Figure 23 View Figure 24 View Figure 25 View Figure 26 View Figure 27 View Figure 28 View Figure 29 View Figure 30 View Figure 31 View Figure 32 View Figure 33 View Figure 34 View Figure 35 View Figure 36 View Figure 37 View Figure 38 View Figure 39 View Figure 40 View Figure 41 View Figure 42 View Figure 43 View Figure 44 View Figure 45 View Figure 46 View Figure 47 View Figure 48 View Figure 49 View Figure 50 View Figure 51 View Figure 52 View Figure 53 View Figure 54 View Figure 55 View Figures 56–59 View Figure 60 View Figure 61 View Figure 62 View Figure 63 View Figure 64 View Figure 65 View Figure 66 View Figure 67 View Figure 68 View Figure 69 View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 View Figure 73 View Figure 74 ), 7.IV.1968, leg. P. M. Brignoli, ZMUH No. A 37/04. Egypt, Cairo, 1♂ ( Fig. 68 View Figure 68 )1im. (lectotype and paralectotype No. 1), leg. Jickeli, ZMHB No. 2518; Habab, 2♂ 2♀ (paralectotypes Nos. 2–5), leg. Jickeli, ZMHB No. 2519. Eritrea, Press Adua, terr. Gherungara, V.1936, 1♂ (lectotype of Buthus hottentotta tigrinus Caporiacco, 1937 ), MZUF No. 780 .
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Egypt, 1♂, SMFD No. 5246. Ethiopia, presso Adua , torrente Gherungurà, V.1936, 1♀, leg. R. Cimmaruta, MZUF No. 634; 1990, 5♂ 3♀ ( Figs. 69–72 View Figure 69 View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 ) 1juv., FKCP. Eritrea, Adi Ugri, 1900, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 634; Ghinda, Val. R. Embatkalla, 29.XII.1900, 8♀ 3 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 626; Ghinda, Val. R. Embatkalla, sotto sassi, 29.XII.1900, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 625; Saganeiti, IV.1901, 3 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 628; Saganeiti, IV.1901, 1♂ 6♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 620; Adi Ugri, V.1901, 1♂ 1♀ 6 juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 633; Adi Ugri, dintorni, sotto sassi, V.1901, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 632; Adi Ugri, VI.1901, 4♂ 5♀ 9juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 635; Enda Abba Mali, terr[itorio di] Adi Ugri, 8.VI.1901, 2 ♂ 2♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 630; Enda Abba Mali, Adi Ugri, 8.VI.1901, 1♂ 2juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 631; Adi Ugri, VII.1901, 1♂, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 636; Adi Caieh, IV.1902, 3♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 624; Adi Caieh, dintorni, IV.1902, 2♀ 2juvs., leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 629; Adi Caieh, sotto sassi, V.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 627; Adi Caieh, V.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 621; Adi Caieh, VI.1902, 1♂, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 623; Adi Caieh, sotto sassi, VII.1902, 1♀, leg. A. Andreini, MZUF No. 622.? Kenya, D. O. Afrika, Tabora, 1913, 5♂ 5♀ 1juv., leg. Schablitzki, SMFD No. 5220 .
DIAGNOSIS. Total length 45–70 mm. For habitus see Figs. 68–74 View Figure 68 View Figure 69 View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 View Figure 73 View Figure 74 . Trichobothrium db on the fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria et and est, may be on level with est. Sexual dimorphism not pronounced; manus of pedipalp usually of same width in both sexes, but males have fingers twisted whereas females have them straight. Pectinal teeth number 19–28. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation, only tips of teeth on cheliceral fingers are black. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute. Metasoma bears only a few hairs. Color usually uniformly yellowish brown, only ventral carinae of metasoma black; mesosoma and carapace may be black in some specimens. Femur of pedipalps with 5 carinae that may be incomplete. Patella with 8 carinae, of which some are smooth, without granules and obsolete. Chela lacks carinae. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12 or 13 rows of granules and 5 terminal granules. Seventh metasomal segment with 4 well marked ventral carinae. First to third metasomal segments with 10 carinae; fourth segment with 8 or 10 carinae; fifth segment with 5 carinae. Lateral carinae may not be discernible in some males. All carinae granulated, dorsal carinae bear larger terminal granules. Metasoma strongly granulated, accessoric rows of granules present on dorsal surfaces of segments as well as on ventral surface of fifth segment. First metasomal segment of adults always wider than long; second metasomal segment usually also wider than long, but in smaller, less developed specimens of both sexes may be longer than wide. Second to fourth metasomal segment width ratio less than 1.2.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Chad, South of Tibesti, NE Sherda-Zouar ; ZMUH.
COMMENTS. H. acostai Lourenço, 2004 is based on six specimens of which I have seen three paratypes. Lourenço (2004: 216) distinguishes H. acostai from H. minax , actually H. minax occidentalis , by 1) smaller size (45 and 51 mm); 2) much more pale coloration; 3) more marked granulation on carapace and tergites; and 4) pectinal tooth counts, which in H. acostai show a less number of teeth (22 or 23 in males and 19 or 20 in females). As for character 1), I found one female paratype to be 59 mm long ( Fig. 74 View Figure 74 ). Characters 2) and 3) are valueless and, as is apparent from Figs. 68–74 View Figure 68 View Figure 69 View Figure 70 View Figure 71 View Figure 72 View Figure 73 View Figure 74 , do not show any difference. And neither character 4) shows anything that would separate the paratypes from H. minax (see diagnosis). The only difference, which Lourenço does not mention, may be a somewhat narrower metasoma (see Figs. 71 View Figure 71 and 74 View Figure 74 ), however that is common even in the same population (see discussion below) and e.g. in the MZUF collection have specimens with narrower metasoma often been labeled as Hottentotta minax tigrinus . Also the females paralectotypes of H. minax have the metasoma narrower than the specimen in Fig. 71 View Figure 71 .
The taxonomic position of the subspecies H. minax occidentalis is questionable. Vachon & Stockmann (1968: 128) described this taxon (type locality and type repository: Chad, Djermaya; MNHN) as a subspecies and distinguished it from other populations only on the positions of trichobothria on the femur of pedipalp, whose difference (figs. 36 and 37 in Vachon & Stockmann, 1968: 117) are due to variability and therefore not taxonomically useful. Another difference is ventral granules on the fifth metasomal segment that, however, are also quite variable. Lourenço (2004: 213) elevated this subspecies to species without giving any reasons for the status change. Due to unavailability of MNHN types (see Kovařík, 2004: 27), I have no choice but to regard this taxon recorded from Chad and Cameroon as a subspecies of H. minax , with the stipulation that only a thorough study of the types can decide whether it is a synonym or a valid species.
DISTRIBUTION. Chad, Cameroon (Vachon & Stockmann 1968: 129), Egypt (L. Koch, 1875: 7), Eritrea, Ethiopia (Borelli, 1915: 460), Kenya, Libya (Fet & Lowe, 2000: 142), Sudan (Birula, 1908: 141). This species has been reported also from Tanzania ( Lampe, 1918: 191; Werner, 1916: 80; Loveridge, 1925: 305; Werner, 1936: 175), however I suspect all such reports to concern misidentified H. trilineatus . Also Uganda records (Birula, 1908: 141) are most likely dubious.
KING, H. H. 1925. Notes on Sudan scorpions. Sudan Notes and Records, 8: 79 - 84.
KOCH, L. 1875. Aegyptische und Abyssinische Arachniden gesammelt von Herrn C. Jickeli. Verlage von Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 96 pp.
KOVARIK, F. 1998. Stiri [Scorpiones]. Jihlava (Czech Republic): Publishing House Madagaskar , 176 pp (in Czech).
KOVARIK, F. 2002. A checklist of scorpions (Arachnida) in the collection of the Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Serket, 8 (1): 1 - 23.
KOVARIK, F. 2003. Scorpions of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with a key and descriptions of three new species. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 67: 133 - 159.
KOVARIK, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco & Vachon, Baloorthochirus Kovarik, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides Kovarik, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenco, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1 - 33.
KRAEPELIN, K. 1891. Revision der Skorpione. I. Die Familie des Androctonidae. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 8 (1890): 144 - 286 (1 - 144).
KRAEPELIN, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In F. DAHL (ed.), Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag, 8. Lieferung. 265 pp.
KRAEPELIN, K. 1913. Neue Beitrage zur Systematik der Gliederspinnen. III. A. Bemerkungen zur Skorpionenfauna Indiens. B. Die Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 30: 123 - 1 96.
KRAEPELIN, K. 1929. Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1910 - 1911. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften Hamburg, 22 (2): 86 - 91.
LAMPE, E. 1918. Katalog der Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen des Naturhistorischen Museums der Residentzstadt Wiesbaden. Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Verein fur Naturkunde, 70 (1): 185 - 203.
LOURENCO, W. R. 2004. On the genus Hottentotta Birula 1908, with the description of a new species from Chad (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 14 (170): 211 - 218.
LOVERIDGE, A. 1925. Notes on East African Scorpions and Solifugiae, collected 1916 - 1923. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1925: 303 - 309.
MORIGGI, M. 1941. Gli Scorpioni dell`Africa orientale Italiana. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale, 4: 77 - 103.
PAVESI, P. 1883. Considerazioni sull´aracnofauna dell´Abissinia. Rendiconti Reale Instituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, 16 (9): 1 - 5 (496 - 501).
PAVESI, P. 1885. Aracnidi raccolti dal conte Bouturlin ad Assab e Massaua. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 17: 197 - 200.
PAVESI, P. 1895 c. Esplorazione del Giuba e del suoi affluenti compiuta del Cap. V. Bottego durante gli anni 1892 - 3. 18. Aracnidi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 5 (35): 491 - 537.
POCOCK, R. I. 1890 a. A revision of the genera of scorpions of the family Buthidae, with descriptions of some South-African Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1890: 114 - 141.
Figures 5–8: Carapace and chelicerae. 5. H. buchariensis, female from Afghanistan, prov. Kabul, Poli Charky, FKCP. 6. H. conspersus, male from Angola, Naulila env., FKCP. 7. H. franzwerneri, male lectotype. 8. H. gentili, female from Morocco, Bouizakame, Timoulye, FKCP.
Figures 1–4: 1–3. H. zagrosensis, holotype. 1. chela external, 2. femur dorsal, 3. movable finger. 4. H. socotrensis, chela external.
Figures 9–12: Carapace and chelicerae. 9. H. hottentotta, female from Ghana, FKCP. 10. H. hottentotta, male from Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), Garango, 11°48'N 00°33'W, SMFD No. 39339. 11. H. jalalabadensis, sp. nov., female paratype. 12. H. jayakari, female from Oman, Wadi Bani Auf, on Salma Rd, shale scree in wadi, 23°13'N 57°22'E, FKCP.
Figures 13–16: Carapace and chelicerae. 13. H. judaicus, female from Jordan, Zoubia, FKCP. 14. H. niloticus, male from Sudan, Khartoum, Sunt Forest, FKCP. 15. H. pachyurus, female from India, Tamil Nadu, Deccan, FKCP. 16. H. polystictus, female from Kenya, North Horr, FKCP.
Figures 17–20: Carapace and chelicerae. 17. H. saulcyi, female from Iran, prov. Bachtarán, Bisotul, 34°23'31"N 47°26'05"E, FKCP. 18. H. schach, female from Iran, prov. Fars, 10 km E of Sivand vill., FKCP. 19. H. tamulus, female from India, Maharashtra, Bombay, FKCP. 20. H. trilineatus, male from Tanzania, Arusha distr., Naberera env., FKCP.
Figure 23: Hottentotta buchariensis, dorsal view, male from Afghanistan, prov. Kabul, Poli Charky, FKCP.
Figure 24: Hottentotta buchariensis, dorsal view, female from Afghanistan, prov. Kabul, Poli Charky, FKCP.
Figure 36: Hottentotta franzwerneri, lateral view of metasoma, male lectotype (top) and female paralectotype (bottom).
Figure 37: Hottentotta gentili, dorsal view, male from Morocco, prov. Tiznit, 25 km SE of Tiznit, 29°37'30"N 09°30'18"W, FKCP.
Figure 42: Hottentotta hottentotta, dorsal view, female from Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), Region Bobodiolasso, FKCP.
Figure 44: Hottentotta hottentotta, dorsal view, female from Cape Verde Islands, Ribeira da Praia, SMFD No. 385.
Figure 45: Hottentotta hottentotta, dorsal view, female from Burkina Faso, Region Bobodiolasso, with offspring after the first ecdysis.
Figure 46: Hottentotta hottentotta, dorsal view, male from Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), Garango, 11°48'N 00°33'W, SMFD No. 39339.
Figure 47: Hottentotta hottentotta, ventral view, male from Burkina Faso (Volta Haute), Garango, 11°48'N 00°33'W, SMFD No. 39339.
Figures 56–59: Hottentotta jalalabadensis, sp. nov., metasoma. 56. male holotype, dorsal. 57. male holotype, ventral. 58. female paratype, dorsal. 59. female paratype, ventral.
Figure 61: Hottentotta jayakari, dorsal view, male from Oman, Wadi Bani Auf, on Salma Rd, shale scree in wadi, 23°13'N 57°22'E, FKCP.
Figure 62: Hottentotta jayakari, dorsal view, female from Oman, Wadi Bani Auf, on Salma Rd, shale scree in wadi, 23°13'N 57°22'E, FKCP.
Figure 63: Hottentotta jayakari, ventral view, female from Oman, Wadi Bani Auf, on Salma Rd, shale scree in wadi, 23°13'N 57°22'E, FKCP.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Hottentotta minax (L. Koch, 1875 )
| Kovařík, František 2007 |
Hottentotta occidentalis
| LOURENCO 2004: 213 |
Hottentotta acostai Lourenço, 2004: 213
| LOURENCO 2004: 213 |
Buthus hottentotta tigrinus
| KOVARIK 2003: 140 |
Hottentotta (Hottentota) minax
| KOVARIK 1998: 110 |
Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax tigrinus
| KOVARIK 1998: 110 |
Hottentotta (Hottentotta) minax occidentalis
| KOVARIK 1998: 110 |
Buthus (Hottentota) minax
| MORIGGI 1941: 86 |
Buthus (Hottentotta) tigrinus
| MORIGGI 1941: 87 |
Hottentotta minax
| LOURENCO 2004: 216 |
| KOVARIK 2003: 140 |
| KOVARIK 2002: 7 |
| LOVERIDGE 1925: 305 |
Buthus hottentotta minax
| KRAEPELIN 1929: 87 |
| KRAEPELIN 1899: 22 |
Buthus hottentotta
| KRAEPELIN 1891: 185 |
Buthus (Buthus) minax
| POCOCK 1890: 126 |
Buthus isselii
| PAVESI 1895: 495 |
| PAVESI 1883: 3 |
Buthus minax L. Koch, 1875: 4
| KING 1925: 80 |
| LAMPE 1918: 191 |
| KRAEPELIN 1913: 171 |
| PAVESI 1885: 197 |
| KOCH 1875: 4 |