Amynthas gracilis ( Kinberg, 1867 )

Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), Zootaxa 4140 (1), pp. 1-92 : 30-31

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD1F6B4E-3B0D-422C-B47C-0495BD385857
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5467146
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scientific name	Amynthas gracilis ( Kinberg, 1867 )
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Amynthas gracilis ( Kinberg, 1867)

Nitocris gracilis Kinberg, 1867: 102 View in CoL ; Beddard 1895a: 402, as " species inquirenda "; Michaelsen 1900: 419, as " dubious species ".

Amynthas gracilis— Sims & Easton 1972: 235; Easton 1981: 50; Easton, 1982: 728; Shen & Yeo 2005: 21; Blakemore 2007a: 42; Blakemore 2008b.

Pheretima gracilis— Nakamura 1999: 38.

Perichaeta hawayana Rosa, 1891: 396 , Figs 7, 9.

Pheretima hawayana— Michaelsen 1900: 271; Gates 1972: 189, 217; Thai 1983: 125; Do 1994: 81; Le 1995a: 63; Nakamura 1999: 38; Thai 2000a: 309; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005a: 113; Huynh et al. 2005: 180; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Tran & Tran 2010: 8.

Perichaeta bermudensis Beddard, 1892a: 160 , synonymized with Pheretima hawayana by Michaelsen (1900).

Perichaeta mandhorensis Michaelsen, 1892: 241 , Figs 18–19, synonymized with Pheretima hawayana by Gates (1972).

Type locality. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Type material. Leiden Museum, Neitherland.

Records from Vietnam. Lao Cai (Pho Lu; Sa Pa; Pho Rang) ; Son La (Moc Chau) ; Hoa Binh (Hoa Binh; Mai Chau) ; Yen Bai (Yen Bai; Luc Yen; Yen Binh) ; Ha Giang (Quan Ba; Dong Van) ; Lang Son (Binh Gia; Bac Son; Dong Dang; Van Lang) ; Cao Bang (Thach An; Cao Bang; Ha Lang) ; Phu Tho (Doan Hung; Thanh Son) ; Vinh Phuc (Phong Chau; Tam Dao); Bac Can (Bac Can) ; Thai Nguyen (Phu Binh) ; Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen; Yen The; Khe Ro NR) ; Quang Ninh (Mong Cai) ; Hai Phong (Cat Ba Isl.; San Ho Isl. ) ; Hanoi (Ba Vi NP) ; Thanh Hoa (Ngoc Lac) ; Nghe An (Ky Son; Que Phong; Quy Chau) ; Gia Lai (Pleiku) ; Dak Lak (Ban Me Thuot) ; Lam Dong (Da Lat; Don Duong) (Do 1994; Le 1995a; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh 2005a; Tran & Ngo 2008; Tran & Tran 2010).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, widely known in temperate and tropical regions. Sometimes, recorded with high density in garden in Brazil and Hawaii ( Gates 1972; Blakemore 2002, 2007a). Remarks. All reports of this species from Vietnam are under the name of its junior Perichaeta hawayana (= Pheretima hawayana ).

References

Beddard, F. E. (1892 a) On some species of the genus Perichaeta (sensu stricto). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 153 - 172.

Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557

Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.

Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)

Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)

Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the Megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 40 (2), 33 - 65.

Easton, E. G. (1982) Australian pheretimoid earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): a synopsis with the description of a new genus and five new species. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30 (4), 711 - 735. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9820711

Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214

Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]

Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.

Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps - akademiens forhandlingar, 23, 97 - 103.

Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.

Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung. II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58 (1), 209 - 261. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8321

Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.

Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.

Rosa, D. (1891) Die exotischen Terricolen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des K. K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 6, 379 - 406.

Shen, H. - P. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2005) Terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaeta) from Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (1), 13 - 33.

Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x

Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]

Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.

Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.

Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.