Liogenys concolor Blanchard, 1851

Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Mise, Kleber Makoto, Moron †, Miguel Angel, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. & Almeida, Lucia Massutti de, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae), ZooKeys 699, pp. 1-120 : 22-23

Liogenys concolor Blanchard, 1851 Figs 60, 91

Liogenys concolor Blanchard, 1851: 167 (orig. desc.); Harold 1869a: 1140 (check.); Dalla Torre 1913: 318 (check.); Blackwelder 1944: 227 (check.); Frey 1969: 39, 54 (key, redescription); Evans 2003: 207 (check.); Evans and Smith 2005: 172 (check.); Evans and Smith 2009: 176 (check.).

Liogenys obesa Burmeister, 1855: 15 (orig. desc.); Blackwelder 1944: 227 (check.); Evans 2003: 211 (check.); Evans and Smith 2005: 175 (check.); Evans and Smith 2009: 176 (check.) Syn. n.

Liogenys obesus : Harold 1869a: 1140 (check.); Dalla Torre 1913: 318 (check.); Frey 1969: 41 (key).

Type material.

Liogenys concolor female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “Campos/Geraes”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS / [handwritten] Campos", [red printed] “HOLOTYPE”, [green handwritten] " L. concolor / Cat Mus/ Brésil / M. A. Saint Hilaire". As in the original description figures a range of length "9-10 mm", this type is here designated the lectotype: [white, outlined in red, printed] "LECTOTYPE/ Hilarianus concolor /Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2017".

Liogenys obesa male syntype MLUH: [green handwritten] " obesa Burm/Bras. Br.", [white handwritten] "115 Koll", [white printed] "det. G. Frey, 1967/68/ [handwritten] Liogenys / obesus Burm/type", [white printed] "Prof. Hüsing Halle". This type is here designated the lectotype: [white, outlined in red, printed] "LECTOTYPE/ Liogenys obesa /Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2014". Male syntype of L. obesa (MLUH): [white printed] "det. G. Frey, 1967/68/ [handwritten] Liogenys / obesus Burm/type", [white printed] "Prof. Hüsing Halle". This type is here designated the paralectotype [white, outlined in red, printed] "PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenys obesa /Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2014".

Non-type material.

BRAZIL. SP: São Paulo, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); PR: Guarapuava, I/1959, Schneider col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Ponta Grossa, "Lageado Campo", I/1947, without collector, 2 ex. (DZUP). ARGENTINA. MI: Loreto, II/1960, without collector, 3 ex. (NHMB).

Diagnosis.

Body and pronotum dark purplish red, head and pronotum darker anteriorly (Fig. 60A, D); elytra purplish red, semiopaque; body short and oval; distance between eyes more than five times wider than one eye; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and very wide; lateral margin convex; lamellae of antenna darker and shorter than the flagellum; pronotal disc punctures strongly coarse, pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled and slightly produced; distance between meso- and metacoxae as long as the metacoxa; scutellum wide; elytra more convex dorsoventrally (Fig. 60B), up to three times longer than the pronotum; all four elytral ridges noticeable; metafemur with abundant thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin and inner margin of metatibia abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex; pygidium convex, large, with reticulated punctures; pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; parameres, inner margins convergent; narrowed subapically; apex lanceolate (Fig. 60F).

Redescription.

Length: 10.0-11.0 mm; width: 5.9-6.4 mm. Purplish red. Head: distance between eyes more than five times wider than one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and very wide; clypeal lateral margin convex; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; outer margin of anterior tooth shorter than one eye; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere oval, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea shallow and short, not reaching the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae darker in color and shorter than the flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures sparse and strongly coarse; posterior corners sharp and slightly produced, obtuse-angled; proepisternum with long bristles; mesepisternum scaly, as are the sides of metasternum; distance between meso- and metacoxae as long as the metacoxa; scutellum wide, rounded, coarsely punctured, sometimes darker than pronotum. Elytra: semi-opaque, glabrous, uniform purplish red; barely convex dorsoventrally; elytra less than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; all four elytral ridges noticeable. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12 × magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia cylindrical; disc coarsely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; abundant thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated and abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex; apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc coarsely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere slightly shorter than tarsomere II and equally wide, in males protarsomere II as wide as it is long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and narrower than the inferior; distance between teeth longer than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of abundant scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc and sides; propygidium slightly visible, scaly; pygidium convex, sub-trapezoidal, wide, pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled on apex; reticulated punctures; pygidial apex in males sub-quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its maximum width, parameral split at 2/3; inner margins of parameres convergent; narrowed subapically; apex lanceolate (Fig. 60F). In lateral view parameres concave (Fig. 60G).

Type-locality.

Liogenys concolor : BRAZIL. Campos Gerais [ Paraná state]; Liogenys obesa : BRAZIL. Irisanga [Orissanga, São Paulo state].

Geographical distribution.

BRAZIL (SP, PR, RS); ARGENTINA (MI).

Remarks.

Liogenys concolor is the only species among the entire genus with short body, due to the elytra convex dorsoventrally and distance between meso- and metacoxae as long as the metacoxa; distal maxillary palpomere oval; lamellae and flagellum almost black, darker than the scape; pronotal posterior corners slightly produced and scutellum wide (Fig. 60A). This species shares those features with Homalochilus niger although they are not closely related species ( Cherman et al. 2016). As L. concolor bears a combination of features that are present only in Liogenys , like teeth on clypeus and umbilicate punctures of pygidium disc, the position of this species remains in Liogenys ( Cherman et al. 2016). Primary types of Liogenys concolor (MNHN) and Liogenys obesa (MLUH) were studied and we concluded that they are conspecific, being Liogenys obesa the junior subjective synonym of Liogenys concolor . The holotype of L. concolor is a female from "Campos Gerais" (Central Paraná State, Brazil) and the lectotype of L. obesa is a male from “Brazil”. The association between male and female, to confirm that they are conspecific, was possible through the study of males and females from the same sample collected in Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Furthermore, Ponta Grossa is a municipality localized at "Campos Gerais" region.