Glyphiulus foetidus, Jiang, Xuankong, Guo, Xuan, Chen, Huiming & Xie, Zhicai, 2018

Jiang, Xuankong, Guo, Xuan, Chen, Huiming & Xie, Zhicai, 2018, Four new species of the Glyphiulusjavanicus group from southern China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae), ZooKeys 741, pp. 155-179 : 157-158

Glyphiulus foetidus sp. n. Figs 1A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Type material.

Holotype male, China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Xilin County, Zhoubang Village, Zhoubang Cave, 24°33.201'N, 105°06.634'E, alt. 820 m, 9 Jan. 2017, X.K. Jiang, H.M. Chen & X. Guo leg. (IBGAS). Paratypes: 61 males, 87 females and 12 juveniles, same date and locality as holotype (IBGAS).

Other material.

One male, Yunnan Province, Guangnan County, Bamei Town, Ake Village, Miaopu Cave, 24°14.767'N, 105°05.384'E, alt. 690 m, 8 Jan. 2017, X.K. Jiang, H.M. Chen & X. Guo leg. (IBGAS).

Etymology.

This specific name is derived from the Latin word foetidus , meaning ‘smelly’ and refers to the extremely strong and unpleasant smell of the animals.

Diagnosis.

The new species can be diagnosed by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) all crests on collum complete and fully developed, carinotaxic formula I–III + P + M; (2) telopodite of male legs I strongly degenerated, bi-segmented, as high as coxal process; (3) coxosternal mesal process of anterior gonopod prolonged and subtriangular; (4) flagellum of posterior gonopod short, with multiple branches at inner margin. See also Key below.

Description.

Body segments with 53-67p + 1-2a + T (holotype 67p + 1a + T). Body size of ca. 45-63 mm long and 2.3-3.0 mm wide (holotype 62 and 2.7 mm, respectively).

Colouration. Brown to dark brown in vivo (Fig. 1A). In fixed condition, head red-brown with yellow dapples; collum yellow-brown, anterior and posterior margins and the crests red-brown; midbody red-brown, lateral crests, ozoporiferous tubercles and anterior rows of metatergal crests light yellow; antennae and legs pale to light yellow (Fig. 2).

Head. Each eye patch with 30-45 pigmented ocelli arranged in five irregular vertical rows (Fig. 2A, B). Antennae slender, 2.88-3.35 mm long. Terminal part of antennomeres V expanded (Fig. 2B). Gnathochilarium with a separate promentum, polytrichous (Fig. 3A).

Collum. All crests on collum complete and fully developed, carinotaxic formula I–III + P + M (Fig. 2A, B).

Body segments. Postcollum constriction modest (Fig. 2A). Metatergal crests well-developed (Fig. 2 A–E). Crests divided into two transverse rows of tubercles, carinotaxic formula 2/2+I/i+3/3+I/i+2/2. Anterior tubercle (except ozoporiferous one) small and round, posterior one strip-shaped (Fig. 2 A–E). Ozoporiferous tubercles round, wider than high, obviously larger than other tubercles (Fig. 3E). Location of the tubercle behind ozopore relatively medial, set off from ozoporiferous tubercle (Figs 2 C–E, 3E). Lateral crests rather small (Fig. 15). Midbody rings round in cross-section (Fig. 3E), 2.02-2.44 mm high (vertical diameter) and 2.15-2.56 mm wide (horizontal diameter), the ratio of height to width 0.92-0.97.

Telson. Epiproct simple, with a rounded caudal ridge and a strong dorsal tooth (Fig. 2E). Paraprocts convex, polytrichous. Hypoproct crescent-shaped (Fig. 2F).

Walking legs. Slender, 2.71-3.15 mm long, obviously longer than body width (Fig. 3E, F).

Male sexual characters. Male legs I strongly degenerated, with a pair of bi-segmented telopodites and a pair of large, subdigitiform, coxal processes. Coxal processes contiguous medially and curved forward, with clusters of long and robust setae at base (Fig. 3B). Male legs II normal. Penes trapeziform and small, each possessing three robust distolateral setae (Fig. 3C). Male legs III modified, with coxa especially slender and elongated (Fig. 3D). Femora VI and VII normal, not inflated.

Anterior gonopods. Coxosterna shield-like, sunken medially. Coxosternal mesal processes prolonged, obviously higher than telopodites. Telopodites one-segmented, placed laterally, curved and moveable, with several distal setae and a field of microsetae at base (Figs 4A, 5A, 6A).

Posterior gonopods. Compact (Figs 4B, 5B, 6B). Coxite with a medial lamelliform lobe and two rows of strong and curved setae at mediolateral margin. Flagella short with multiple branches at inner margin (Fig. 5C). Lateral margin with a field of microsetae (Fig. 5D).

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, a cave in Xilin County, Guangxi, and another cave in Guangnan County, Yunnan. The two caves are ca. 35 kilometres apart.